• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.257-265
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ulmi Pumilae cortex extracts on acute reflux esophagitis rats induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation operation. 40 rats were divided into five groups; Normal group, Sham group, Control group, T1 group and T2 group. 4 groups has a laparotomy after controled 2weeks and sham group, T1 group, T2 group has ligation in stomach. After laparotomy, all group`s body weight, gastric volume, gastric juice PH, SOD activities, catalase activities, lipid peroxidation, total glutathione, the effects on esophageal and stomach mucosa damage were checked. There was significant statistical differences between control group and Ulmi Pumilae cortex extracts adminitration groups(T1 and T2 group) in terms of gastric volume decreasing. Also, adminitration groups has significant effect than control group in decreasing mucosa damage. SOD(superoxide dismutase) and catalase activities has a significant statistical differences between control group and T2 group not in T1 group. These results suggest that the medication of Ulmi Pumilae cortex extracts is effective for the treatment of acute reflux esophagitis in terms of decerasing gastric volume and mucosa damage. Especially, the results were shown to be more positive in High-dose administration group (T2 group) than in Low-dose administration group (T1 group) in SOD and catalase activities.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.4 s.147
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• pp.266-271
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• 2006

Sophorae Radix, the dried roots of Sophora flavescens Aiton (Leguminosae), has been used in oriental traditional medicine for treatment of skin and mucosal ulcers, sores, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diarrhea, inflammation and arrhythmia. Present study was carried out for the gastroprotective effect of trifolirhizin from Sophora flavescens. This reports were evaluated antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori and HCl ethanol-induced gastric lesion in rats and showed the significant effectiveness. In pylorus ligated rats, the treatments of trifolirhizin showed decrease in the volume of gastric secretion and acid output. Also we evaluated the antibacterial activity against H. pylori treated with methanol extract and trifolirhizin from Sophora flavescens had a equivalent antibacterial activity with ampicillin against H. pylori at the dose of $100{\mu}g/mL$. It may be regarded that the antigastritic effects and antibacterial activity of trifolirhizin from Sophora flavescens are originated from reduction of total acid output identified by gastric secretion reduce, free radical scavenging effects and the antibacterial activity against H. pylori.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.270-276
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• 2008

In this study we investigated the effects of Magnolia Bark (MB) extract and its constituents, such as honokiol and magnolol, on gastritis in rats and the growth of human gastric cancer cells. The MB extract, honokiol, and magnolol showed the acid-neutralizing capacities, the antioxidant activities, and the inhibitory effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori.) at the dose of $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ and over, which is equivalent to that of ampicillin ($100\;{\mu}g/ml$). Honokiol and magnolol had no significant cytotoxicity to human gastric caner cells (AGS and SNU638). However, the MB extract had cytotoxic activity against AGS gastric cancer cell. The MB extract, honokiol, and magnolol significantly inhibited HCI-ethanol-induced gastric lesions without clear change of mucus content. In pylorus ligated rats, honokiol significantly decreased the volume of gastric secretion and gastric acid output, and increased the pH. Magnolol increased the mucus content to almost the same as the control group at oral doses of 50 mg/kg. Therefore, we could guess that antigastritic action of honokiol and magnolol may be associated with the antioxidant activities, acid-neutralizing capacities, inhibition of secretion in gastric acid, and anti-H. pylori action. From these results, we could suggest that MB extract and its constituents, such as honokiol and magnolol, may be useful for the treatment and/or protection of gastritis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 1993

This paper dealt with the situation and the hatch rate of bot's eggs on the equine hairs in Cheju horse with the species grouping of the bot flies of equine(genus Gasterophilus). The prevalence and infection dynamics of Gasterophilus spp. larvae was also evaluated in the equine alimentary canal submitted in this laboratory for the necropsy or from the abattoir. Samples including Gasterophilus spp. larvae, bot's flies and its eggs, which were collected from the alimentary canal and equine hairs, respectively, were studied and classified by morphology. The morphologic feature of the spines of Gasterophilus larvae were studied by scanning electron microscope. 1. Gasterophilus intestinalis larvae concentrated in the nonglandular portions of the stomach. The infection of second-, and third stage larvae were common in November, and from January to October, respectively. Gasterophilus nasalis larvae were commonly identified on the gastric pylorus and upper portion of duodenum. Second stage larvae were found from October to December, and 3rd stage larvae, from January to September. 2. The hatch rate of laid eggs of Gasterophilus intestinalis was 28.4%, and that of Gasterophilus nasalis was 79.5%. The hatch rate of Gasterophilus intestinalis eggs was highest(62.5%) in December. The hatch rate of laid eggs were higher in the region of scapula(64.0%) and limbs(62.5%) than on the maned hairs. The eggs of Gasterophilus nasalis were completely hatched by October. 3. Eight hundred five Cheju horses examined in this study were infected with the eggs of Gasterophilus spp. Gasterophilus intestinalis eggs on the body regions from sixty horses were recognized in phalangeal (14.4%), in abdominal(13.8%), metacarpal, brachial and cervical regions. Gasterophilus nasalis eggs were uncommon and recognized in submandibular regions(1.4%). 4. In conclusion, the infection of imago, larvae and eggs of both Gasterophilus intestinalis and Gasterophilus nasalis were indentified in cheju horse.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

An experimental study was done to investigate the spontaneous movements to the isolated ileum with liquid extracts of Samchulgunbitang. Then the action of gastric ulcer, gastric-juice secretion, the free acidity, total acidity, pepsin output, the transport ability in the intestine, analgesic effect and sleeping time were measured. The following results were obtained; 1. As to the spontaneous movements in the isolated ileum, the effect of contraction against suppression was recognized. 2. The effects of contraction against suppression induced by acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride were recognized on the gastric funds strip significantly. 3. The preventive effect of Samchulgunbitang on the pylorus-lightedulcer in rat was recognized significantly. 4. The anti-ulcer effect of Samchulgunbitang was not recognized on the gastric ulcer caused by indomethacin. 5. The effects of decreasing on the secretion gastric juice, the free acidity, total acidity and pepsin output of Samchulgunbitang were recognized significantly. 6. The transport rate in the small intestine of Samchulgunbitang was decreased. 7. The transport rate in the large intestine of Samchulgunbitang was increased. 8. The analgesic effect of Samchulgunbitang caused by acetic acid was recognized significantly. 9. The sleeping time caused by pentobarbital-Na of Samchulgunbitang was prolonged significantly. According to the results, it is considered that the Samchulgunbitang has effects of gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis, hyper-acidity, gastroptosis such as abdominal discomfort, gastric acid, indigestion and anorexia.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.358-364
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• 1999

Propolis, a natural resinous compound collected from honey bees, contains many biochemical constituents and has been used in traditional medicines as early as 300 B.C. Recently, it has been reported to possess many biological activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, fungicidal, local anaesthetic, immunostimulating, antiinflammatory and free radical scavenging properties. This study was performed to investigate the pharmacological effects of the propolis extract and fractions on the gastric lesion and ulcer. The ethanol extract was fractionated with hexane, toluene and ethyl acetate. Followed by bioassay on antigastric and antiulcer activity. Propolis ethanol extracts(500, 750, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 mg/kg) showed the protective effect on HCl·ethanol-induced gastric lesion and the antisecretory effect against Shay’s gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats in a dose related manner. In the animal models of HCl·ethanol, aspirin-induced gastric lesion and Shay’s gastric secretion, the hexane and toluene fraction of propolis significantly reduced the length of gastric lesion and the acid secretion. These data showed that the gastric protective effects of propolis might result from reduction of acid secretion through the inactivation of H+/K+ATPase activity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study is To investigate the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion at Zusanli(ST36) and Weishu(BL21) Methods : serum gastrin level by radioimmunoassay was measured at 5 days after acupuncture and moxibustion of those acupoints. Gastric endocrine cell(G cell and Histamine immunoreactive density) by avidin-biotinylated complex(ABC) technique, histological examinations(Alcian Blue-PAS Stain; Alcian blue-Periodic Acid Schiff reagent) of the gastric mucosa were also performed. Acupuncture applied to the ST36 acupoint increased gastrin level of serum, but moxibustion did not produced significant effect. All of acupuncture and moxibustion at BL21 acupoint increased gastrin level of serum significantly. In moxibustion at ST36 and BL21, the number of gastrin secreting cells in gastric mucosa, the density of immunoreactive histamin secreting cells and the density of body mucosa stained by PAS were decreased compare to acupuncture at ST36 and BL21. In acupuncture and moxibustion at BL21, the density of pylorus mucosa stained by PAS were increased compare to the groups applied to ST36. In the density of body mucosa stained by AB, moxibustion at BL21 and ST36 were increased compare to the other groups. Results : These data suggest that acupuncture and moxibustion at BL21 increased gastrin level of serum and those effects were more potent than acupuncture at ST36.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2016

Objectives : The present study was conducted to evaluate protective effects of Combined Extract of young persimmon fruit and citrus peel (PCM) in Reflux Esophagitis(RE) rats.Methods : Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided four groups and each group had six rats ; Normal group, RE control group, RE group treated PCM 50 ,100 mg/kg body weight group. Reflux esophagitis was induced that tied the pylorus and fundus in SD rats stomach. PCM was administered at 50, 100 mg/kg body weight 2 hrs prior to induction of RE. After 6 hrs, the effects of PCM treated rats were compared with those of normal and control rats. We have performed an analysis such as pH of stomach secretion, oxidative stress biomarkers in serum, and western blot.Results : The increased esophageal mucosa damage by RE was markedly improved by PCM treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Also, the administration of PCM decreased the elevated serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) in serum. The protein expressions of anti oxidant such as SOD, catalase, GPx exhibited down-regulation by PCM treatment in tissues. And, PCM effectively reduce inflammatory cytokines such as inflammation-related proteins cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RE rats. In addition, NFκB and p-IκBɑ were decreased in PCM-adiministrated RE rats. But there was no difference on stomach secretion pH between reflux esophagitis rats and PCM administration rat group.Conclusions : In conclusion, administration of PCM (50, 100 mg/kg body weight) made esophagus have less inflammation and injury by decreased NFκB path way. These findings suggest that PCM could have Improving effects on reflux esophagitis.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2013

Objectives: Yijin-tang-gamibang has been used in the Korean Medicine for treating various digestive disease. This study was aimed to investigate the effects and safety of Yijin-tang-gamibang in reflux esophagitis through the analysis of articles. Method: A total of 9 articles about Yijin-tang-gamibang and reflux esophagitis were used to develop this article. Results: According to basic research and clinic research data, it is supported that Yijin-tang-gamibang was useful prescription in reflux esophagitis. Yijin-tang-gamibang has favorable protective effects on the reflux esophagitis induced by pylorus and forestomach ligation in rats. After treatment with Yijin-tang-gamibang, patients showed improvement in all symptoms associated with reflux esophagitis and functional dyspepsia, including general condition. And Yijin-tang-gamibang did not show any toxic effect in single oral dose toxicity test. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that Yijin-tang-gamibang showed favorable protective effects on the reflux esophagitis. However, it proved insufficient to confirm its efficacy owing to lack of clinical studies of high quality. So, we need well designed studies to verify clinical efficacy of Yijin-tang-gamibang hereafter.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 2013

Debates exist about the appropriate treatment for pancreatic trauma in children. We intended to examine the safety of the operation of pancreatic trauma in children. This is a retrospective study of 13 patients, younger than 15, who underwent surgery for pancreatic trauma, between 1993 and 2011 in Seoul National University Children's Hospital. Medical records were reviewed for mechanism of trauma, clinical characteristics, radiological findings, operation and outcomes. Organ injury scaling from the AAST (American Association for Surgery of Trauma) was used. All injuries were caused by blunt trauma. Patients with grade III, IV, and those who were difficult to distinguish grade II from IV, underwent surgery due to severe peritonitis. Three patients with grade II were operated for reasons of mesenteric bleeding, tumor rupture of the pancreas, and progression of peritonitis. Distal pancreatectomy was performed in 10 patients and subtotal pancreatectomy and pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy in 1 patient each. The remaining one underwent surgical debridement because of severe adhesions. The location of injury, before and after operation, coincided in 83.3%. The degree of injury, before and after the operation, was identical in all the patients except for those who were difficult to tell apart grade II from grade IV, and those cannot be graded due to severe adhesion. Postoperative complications occurred in 23.1%, which improved with conservative treatment. Patients were discharged at mean postoperative 12(range 8~42) days. Even though patients with complications took longer in time from diagnosis to operation, time of trauma to operation and hospital stay, this difference was not significant. In conclusion, When pancreatic duct injury is present, or patient shows deterioration of clinical manifestation without evidence of definite duct injury, or trauma is accompanied by other organ injury or tumor rupture, operative management is advisable, and we believe it is a safe and feasible method of treatment.