• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the ecological characteristics of forest cover types which were classified by cluster analysis in the natural forest of Sobaeksan on the basis of the vegetation data from the point-quarter sampling method. Recognized forest cover types were 1) Mixed mesophytic forest, 2) Taxus cuspidata forest, 3) Fraxinus rhynchophylla-Quercus mongolica forest, 4) Betula ermanii forest, 5) Pinus densiflora forest, 6) Quercus mongolica mixed forest, and 7) Quercus mongolica pure forest. For those of classified types, the species composition was expressed by importance value (IV) to describe the community floristically. The species diversity was quantified using the Shannon's diversity index. The results showed that the forest cover types were characteristically different from one another in growing species and compositional rates, depending upon the type which was formed by a number of similar vegetational sample points. Species diversity indices (H') of total and overstory both were the highest in the mixed mesophytic forest (3.530 and 2.880, respectively), and lowest in the Q. mongolica pure forest (2.122 and 0.000, respectively) with only one canopy species. The highest species diversity in the mixed mesophytic forest may due to the relatively high species richness and evenness in the forest cover types. The description on ecological characteristics were suggested to understand the formation and development of forest cover types in this study area.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.194-199
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• 2013

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of transitional boundary on community composition and soil carbon stock. Five vegetation types were recognized horizontally along the transitional strip based on the dominance of tree species i.e., Pure Anogeissus latifolia forest (P.AL), mixed Pinus roxburghii and Lannea coromandelica forest (M.PR&LC), pure Pinus roxburghii forest (P.PR), mixed Pinus roxburghii and Lannea coromandelica (M.PR&LC) and pure Anogeissus latifolia forest (P.AL). The results revealed that Anogeissus latifolia was reported dominant tree in the outer transitional boundaries of the forest, which reduced dominance of trees towards middle where Pinus roxburghii was found dominant. The soil carbon stock was reported higher in the Anogeissus latifolia dominant forest and reduced with the dominance of Pinus roxburghii in the middle site. Both the species are growing close to one another and competing for survival, but the aggressive nature of Anogeissus latifolia particular in this region may change new growth of Pinus roxburghii and will enhance soil carbon stock. But high anthropogenic pressure on Anogeissus latifolia tree species could be limited chance to further its flourish.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권4호
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• pp.537-546
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• 2014

본 연구는 지리산 서부권역의 천연림을 대상으로 7가지로 분류된 산림피복유형(신갈나무 순림형, 신갈나무-졸참나무림형, 중생혼합림형, 구상나무-신갈나무림형, 들메나무림형, 졸참나무림형, 서어나무림형)별로 생태적 특성을 설명하고, 각 유형별로 천이경향을 추정하였다. 고도가 높은 능선에 분포하는 신갈나무 순림형과 구상나무-신갈나무림형의 종다양성지수가 가장 낮게 나왔으며, 계곡에 주로 분포하는 중생혼합림형과 들메나무림형의 종다양성지수가 높게 나타났다. 종다양성과 지형조건을 바탕으로 추정한 산림피복유형들의 천이경향은 다음과 같다. 1) 능선부의 신갈나무 순림형과 구상나무-신갈나무림형은 신갈나무-구상나무림형으로, 2) 능선부과 산복부 사이의 신갈나무-졸참나무림형은 신갈나무-서어나무-까치박달림형으로, 3) 산복부의 졸참나무림형은 졸참나무-신갈나무-서어나무림형으로 천이가 진행 될 것이라 예상된다. 4) 주로 계곡에 분포하고 있는 중생혼합림형, 들메나무림형, 서어나무림형은 현재의 상태를 계속적으로 유지할 것으로 파악되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권6호
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• pp.772-779
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• 2009

산림 생태계 내 탄소 수지에 관한 기초자료를 확보하기 위해 소나무와 참나무류의 순림 및 이들의 혼효임분에 대한 탄소 저장량을 추정하였다. 연구대상지는 강원도 횡성군 둔내면 일대로 임분별로 흉고직경 5 cm 이상 임목에 대한 흉고단면적($m^2/ha$)을 기준으로 소나무:참나무류의 비율이 95:5인 소나무 순림과 0:100인 참나무류 순림, 그리고 20:80-70:30인 혼효림을 선정하였다. 각각의 임분 내 식생, 낙엽층, 고사목의 생체량과 탄소 농도를 분석하고, 0-30 cm 깊이까지의 토양 탄소 농도를 분석하였다. 식생(상층 임목과 하층 식생)의 탄소 저장량은 참나무류 순림에서 147.6 Mg C/ha, 소나무 순림에서 141.4 Mg C/ha, 혼효림에서 115.8 Mg C/ha 등으로 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 낙엽층 내 탄소 저장량은 소나무 순림에서 12.7 Mg C/ha, 참나무류 순림에서 9.9 Mg C/ha와 혼효림에서 8.4 Mg C/ha 등이었으며, 고사목 내 탄소 저장량은 혼효림에서 2.2 Mg/ha, 참나무류 순림에서 1.7 Mg/ha 와 소나무 순림에서 1.1 Mg/ha 등으로 낙엽층의 탄소량은 임분간 유의한 차이가 있었으나(p<0.05), 고사목의 탄소 저장량은 임분간 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 지표로부터 30 cm 깊이까지의 토양 탄소 저장량은 소나무 순림에서 44.4 Mg C/ha이고, 혼효림에서 41.6 Mg C/ha과 참나무류 순림에서 33.3 Mg C/ha 등의 분포를 보였으나 임분간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 생태계 내 총 탄소 저장량은 소나무 순림에서 199.6 Mg C/ha, 참나무류 순림에서 192.5 Mg C/ha, 혼효림에서 169.1 Mg C/ha 등으로 임분별로 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 탄소 저장량이 혼효림에서 순림보다 낮은 것은 탄소 저장량의 대부분을 차지하는 식생의 탄소 저장량이 혼효림에서 더 낮기 때문이었다. 혼효림의 식생은 소나무와 참나무류의 종간경쟁으로 참나무류의 직경생장이 둔화되고 임분 밀도가 높아 참나무류 임목간의 경쟁이 심하게 되어 순림보다 낮은 생체량을 보이는 것으로 추정된다. 혼효임분에서 탄소 저장량을 증가시키기 위해서는 간벌과 같은 적절한 임분관리를 통한 임분의 종내 및 종간경쟁을 완화시킬 필요가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2024

The study aims to establish a direction for forest ecological restoration by classifying forest types and understanding the ecological characteristics of the Uljin forest area damaged by a large fire in 2022. Hierarchical cluster analysis and indicator species analysis were conducted on 78 survey plots located in the forest fire-affected area, and four forest cover types were derived: P. densiflora pure forests, P. densiflora dominant forests, mixed broad-leaved forests, and Q. variabilis dominant forests. As a result of visually comparing changes in forest types before and after forest fire damage, by classifying data according to whether or not upper dead trees are included, it was confirmed that pine forests, which have a high proportion of pine trees, spread widely due to forest fire damage. However, broad-leaved mixed forests and oyster oak dominant forests showed characteristics of maintaining concentration, indicating that pine forests were severely damaged. As a result of the important value analysis, during the process of natural recovery after a forest fire, the species that appear early in the lower layer are the sprouts of existing species such as Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb., Quercus variabilis Blume, Fraxinus sieboldiana Blume, Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. The distribution of diameter at breast height by forest cover type showed that among areas with extreme forest fire damage, the proportion of dead trees was relatively high and structural changes were large in P. densiflora pure forests and P. densiflora dominant forests where pine trees had a high distribution ratio. However, if continuous monitoring is carried out in the future with reference to the results of this study and plant data is collected and analyzed from a mid- to long-term perspective, it is believed that it will be used as useful data to promote forest ecological restoration projects in forest fire-affected areas.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.237-247
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• 2009

This study was conducted to determine the carbon (C) contents in different mixed stands of P. dens if/ora and deciduous oak species in Gwangneung, central Korea. Five mixed stands with different ratios of P. densiflora and deciduous oak species were chosen based on the basal area of all trees ${\geq}\;5cm$ DBH: pure P. densiflora (P100D0), 70% P. densiflora + 30% deciduous oak species (P70D30), 44% P. densiflora + 56% deciduous oak species (P50D50), 37% P. densiflora + 63% deciduous oak species (P40D60), and 10% P. densiflora + 90% deciduous oak species (P10D90). Total C contents in the overstory (aboveground and belowground) vegetation were higher in the mixed stands (P70D30, P50D50, P40D60) than in the pure stands (P100D0, P10D90). Moreover, except for P40D60, C contents of forest floor (litter and coarse woody debris) were larger in the mixed stands (P70D30, P50D50) than in the pure stands. However, total soil C contents up to 30cm depth were highest in the pure deciduous oak stand than in the pure P. densiflora stand and mixed stands. Total ecosystem C contents (Mg/ha) were 163.3 for P100D0, 152.3 for P70D30, 188.8 for P50D50, 160.2 for P40D60, and 150.4 for P10D90, respectively. These differences in total ecosystem C contents among the different mixed stands for P. densiflora and deciduous oak species within the study stands were attributed by the differences in vegetation development and forest management practices. Among the five study stands, the total ecosystem C contents were maximized in the 1:1 mixed ratio of P. densiflora and deciduous oak species (P50D50).

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제95권5호
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• pp.621-627
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• 2006

This study was conducted to understand the pattern and characteristics of seed rain in the broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forest. We established 287 $0.5m^2$ circular seed traps and collected and identified fallen seeds in the traps every two weeks in $150m{\times}150m$ sample plot of the permanent nine hectare of experimental plot in 2005. The overall average density of seed rain was $864.2/m^2$. The seeds of Betula costata Betula costata had the highest number of fallen seeds as $676.0/m^2$ (78.2%), followed by Abies nephrolepis as $57.5/m^2$, B. platyphylla as $37.9/m^2$, Tilia amurensis as $32.2/m^2$, Acer ukurunduense as $17.0/m^2$, A. tegmentosum $14.8/m^2$, and so on. Pinus koraiensis was recorded only $2.5/m^2$ of fallen seeds mainly owing of Korean pine had low rate of purity due to the animal and microbiological predation. Most of seed dispersal have started from the middle to late August and come to an end on the middle of November. The peak time of seed dispersal varied depending on the species. The rate of pure seed by dispersal time varied according to the species, thereupon the aspect of predation and the rate of blasted seed which had influence on the rate of purity also varied according to the species. The density of Korean pine seed rain in the forest gap was significantly different at $P{\leq}0.05$ from in the closed canopy. But the other species had no difference among canopy coverage.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-44
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• 1983

Vegetatiion structure and population dynamcis of pine needle gall midge were investigated from 1980 to 1982 at the southern part of Palgong mountain near Daegu. The results of investigation at the areas of A (pure stand), B(30% mixed forest) adn C(60% mixed forest) were as follow; Vegeation of 3 areas were not classified by the species diversity, but by the unequal distribution of Alnus hirsuta, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Quercus variabilis and vitality of Pinus densiflora at the area C was low, due to shadow by broad-leaf trees. Soil environmental factors at 3 areas not characteristic, but the average of humus contents showed high significance and the order was A

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.386-395
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• 1992

솔껍질깍지벌레의 발생 상황은 피해만연지대(남서해안 및 도서지역), 피해확대지역(해안지역에서 내륙지대로, 해안에 연하여 북상)으로 구분되었다. 남부해안지대에 곰솔을 집중적으로 가해하는 솔껍질깍지벌레는 Matsucoccus thunbergianae로 조사되었으며 연 1회 발생하며 발생시기는 3월 초순~5월 초순에 걸쳐 소나무껍질밑으로부터 교미산란하기 위하여 외부로 출현하였으며 그 peak는 3월 하순~4월 중순이었다. 기주식물의 기주범위조사에서 곰솔(Pinus thunbergii)외에 스트로브잣나무(Pinus strobus), 테어데소나무(Pinus taeda), 방크스소나무(Pinus banksiana), 맛소니아소나무(Pinus massoniana), 타이완네시스소나무(Pinus taiwannesis), 소나무(Pinus densiflora)등 7종이 구명되었다. 피해목의 수령별 피해율은 1~3년생 0.8%, 4~6년생 3.7%, 7~9년생 5.2%, 10~12년생 9.3%, 13~15년생 8.1%, 16~18년생 7.8%, 19~21년생 6.7%, 22~24년생 3.3%, 25~27년생 1.9%, 28년생이상 1.1%로 7년생에서 20년생까지의 수령에서 피해율이 가장 높았고 피해목 가지의 수령별 피해율은 6~7년생가지에서 가장 높았으며 수간에서는 중간부위의 가지가 생존하는 하단부로부터 상위부로 피해가 진전되었다. 조사지대에서의 단순림/혼효림의 혼효도에 의해 피해율은 지역별 각각 고흥 : 81.3%/52.5%, 해남 : 80.3%/58.1%, 무안 : 76.3%/48.5%로 단순림에서 피해가 많았다. 입목밀도에 따른 피해율은 100$m^2$당 20주이상의 밀도가 높아짐에 따라 피해율이 높았다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.22-32
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• 2017

An experiment was set to assess the effect of mixed plantings on initial growth and biomass yield of two common plantation tree species of Bangladesh namely Acacia auriculiformis (A) and Gmelina arborea (G). Study was carried out in the nursery bed of the Seed Research Laboratory and Nursery of Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University (IFESCU), Bangladesh during February to November, 2015. The treatments consisted of two pure planting plots (100% A and 100% G) and five mixed planting plots (50%A: 50%G, 35%A: 65%G, 25%A: 75%G, 65%A: 35%G and 75%A: 25%G) of these two species. In nursery, seedlings were raised in a randomized blocks with four replicates of seven treatment plots. Periodic increments on height (cm), collar diameter (cm) and leaf/phyllode number of the seedlings was taken in every month and continued up to 10 months. The growth and biomass yield of seedlings were measured 10 months after the first seed was emerged. The effects of mixed plantation on growth and biomass were compared to that of seedlings grown in pure plantation. At the age of 10 months it was found that G. arborea seedlings were significantly tallest (240.13 cm) when planted with A. auriculiformis in a proportion of 25%A: 75%G, whereas A. auriculiformis were tallest in the pure 100% A plot, with an average mean height of 135.36 cm. Maximum collar diameter (1.38 cm) was recorded for G. arborea in the mixed plots 75%A: 25%G. Fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots of the seedlings were found significantly (p<0.05) highest in 50%A: 50%G plot for G. arborea. G. arborea also showed highest quality index when mixed with A. auriculiformis in a proportion of 50:50, with an average value of 8.96. The results revealed a positive correlation between seedling growth and various planting patterns.