• Korean Business Review
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• v.14
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• pp.63-76
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• 2001

The purchase of business services is a growing activity among finns but with little appreciation that the purchase of a service requires a modification of the decision process developed for the purchase of material goods. A taxonomy for purchasing business services is developed to create a matrix with company involvement and focus of service as dimensions. Business services are classified according to their focus on three aspects of the finn: property, people, and core business. Business services are also classified according to the degree of company involvement: high company involvement and low company involvement. A number of propositions are formulated based on insights derived from this taxonomy. The taxonomy results in six business service cells: facility support, equipment support, employee support, employee development, core business facilitator, and professional. Implications for managers considering a purchase in each category are explored. This study tests the research hypotheses delineated from the classification model and the purchasing process of business services. The strategic implications are suggested based on the findings for each cell of the classification model. This study concludes with a research agenda for further studies.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

In social commerce, consumers can buy products at much cheaper price if the required minimum number of buyers are made. Social commerce has showed rapid growth as an innovative distribution system receiving highlights, however it is true that it hasn't been sufficiently studied. The purpose of the study for presents the direction of growth of the fashion industry with social commerce through qualitative studies. This study is to make a preference group of four people and a non-preference group of four people of social commerce users for the fashion items sold social commerce market and lastly proposes some improvements. The 'preference group' showed high familiarity and preference to social commerce; and they had the tendency of the pursuit of convenience and voluptuous shopping. The revisit of 'non-preference group' preferred open market and, had the tendency of economical shopping and, they are favorable to other categories of social commerce. The reasons of preference were that accessibility was good in fashion products purchasing behaviors in social commerce and, it was convenient and, price was good and new information on cheap and good products were provided; the reasons of non-preference were that the quality of the products and genuineness of articles are doubtful or, the price is not the lowest or, the carried over products were majority. In the perspective of the fashion products in social commerce they answered that it would be brighter but improvements are needed such as supplying exact information, the lowest price, diversified products and the subdivision of category.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.5 s.142
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• pp.692-702
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to explore global consumer behavior with fashion products, Korean fashion products, and Korean traditional fashion products (i.e., Han-Bok). Clothing selection criteria for fashion products and Korean fashion products were included as major constructs far the comparison among global consumers based on their nationality. Other consumer behavior variables were shopping place, buying frequency, purchase experience/plan, preferred brand, purchase items, information source, purchasing usage, and the product evaluation of Hanbok. A convenience sample of 236 global consumers was selected for this study. A questionnaire was pilot tested, and the revised questionnaire was used for the interview survey. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Various nationality were existed such as Europe, North America, Japan, China, South East Asia. The results indicated that the most important criteria for fashion buying were design, fit, and size in order. Fit, size, and color item from buying criteria were significantly different among global consumers by nationality. Country of origin was found as less important factor among global consumers. Department store was most favorable shopping place, and once a month is the most mentioned category in buying frequency. Preferred brands were Levi's, Polo, Gucci, and Prada, etc. Secondly, regarding the evaluation of Korean fashion products, textile quality was highly evaluated. Significant difference except design/style category were existed among global consumers by nationality. Thirdly, regarding the evaluation of Hanbok, the product evaluation of Hanbok highly represented as special event clothing, unique image, beautiful details and oriental beauty in order. Significant difference in good quality of textiles, oriental beauty, coordination with good colors and fabrics, beautiful details and unique style and design were existed among global consumers by nationality. Managerial implications were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.782-789
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to know about the consumption patterns of functional foods and their associated factors for contributing to the promotion of healthiness on Gwangju residents. The results obtained are summarized as follows: in terms of age, 35.9% of men (n=78) and 52.3% of women (n=128) are found in the age range of $45{\sim}54$ which comprises the highest portion of age distribution. 49.5% of subjects had college education or more. In the occupation category, 33.3% of the men had business job positions, and 39.8% of women were in the unemployed (housewife) category. Stress relief was the most important factor to maintain good health. 76.2% of the subjects have experience in consuming functional foods. The main reason for taking functional foods was to maintain health. Information and reliability of effectiveness were considered when selecting functional foods. Purchasing functional foods was motivated by family members, relatives, and/or the subjects themselves. Functional foods were mainly purchased from pharmacies or health food stores. Regular exercise, drinking, periodical medical checkups, and eating score all are taken into consideration with the consumption of functional foods.77.9% of subjects recognized functions for functional foods purchased. 18.8% of subjects experienced side effects after intaking functional food. Therefore, functional foods should be managed by the government and nutrition education for consumers should be required to encourage them to choose functional foods more satisfactorily and safely.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose a system whereby one can automatically classifies categories based on image data of the products for a shopping mall platform. Many products sold within internet shopping malls are classified their category defined by the same use of product names and products. However, it is difficult to search by category classification when the classification of the product is uncertain and the product classified by the shopping mall seller judgment is different from the purchasing user judgment. We proposes classification and retrieval method by Deep Learning technique solely using product image. The system can categorize products by using their images and its speed and accuracy are quantified using test data. The performance is evaluated with the test data. In addition, its usability is tested with the participants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.252-265
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• 2010

Most luxury fashion brands have a strong brand identity and the product design characteristics of a brand are critical factors that influence brand identity. The design of products influence brand identity and play an important role in the choice by consumers in which brand to purchase. This study investigates the impact design characteristics of luxury brands on brand attitudes as well as purchase intentions in the examination of the differences in the impact influence by product category and consumer characteristics. The product design of brands was evaluated and measured by innovative and traditional characteristics. The product categories were divided into apparel, bags, shoes, and accessories. The consumer characteristics used in this study are fashion involvement, age, income, and the amount of money used for purchasing fashion products. Sample brands, Louis Vuitton, Chanel, Hermes, Burberry, and Gucci, were extracted from the Intel-brand's Luxury Brand Ranking 2008 and pilot tested for appropriateness. The data collected from 120 luxury consumers and 92 samples were statistically analyzed with SPSS 15.0, reliability test, factor analysis, ANOVA, frequency test, regression, and t-test. The findings are as follow. First, luxury brands were divided into two groups by innovative design characteristics and traditional design characteristics; innovative design characteristics show a significant influence on brand attitude and purchase intention. Second, only fashion related behavior factors among consumer characteristics became moderators when design characteristics influenced brand attitude and purchase intention. Third, the differences in purchase intention affected by design characteristics were found in bags, shoes, and accessories category. It is necessary for luxury brands to focus on innovative design characteristics and to specify the different needs of consumers through fashion related behavioral factors. This research will be useful to luxury brands in designing products and planning marketing strategies by offering specific information for luxury brand consumers.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.2 no.7
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• pp.945-952
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• 2001

In consequence of expansion of internet users, electronic commerce is becoming a new prototype for marketing and sales, arid most of electronic commerce sites or internet shopping malls provide a rich source of information and convenient user interfaces about the organizations customers to maintain their patrons. One of the convenient interfaces for users is service to recommend products. To do this, they must exploit methods to extract and analysis specific patterns from purchasing information, behavior and market basket about customers. The methods are association rules and sequential patterns, which are widely used to extract correlation among products, and in most of on-line electronic commerce sites are executed with users information and purchased history by category-oriented. But these can't represent the diverse correlation among products and also hardly reflect users' buying patterns precisely, since the results are simple set of relations for single purchased pattern. In this paper, we propose an efficient mining technique, which allows for multiple purchased patterns that are category-independent and have relationship among items in the linked structure of single pattern items.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.157-176
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• 2016

For a long time, mobile phone had a sole function of communication. Recently however, abrupt innovations in technology allowed extension of the sphere in mobile phone activities. Development of technology enabled realization of almost computer-like environment even on a very small device. Such advancement yielded several forms of new high-tech devices such as smartphone and tablet PC, which quickly proliferated. Simultaneously with the diffusion of the mobile devices, mobile applications for those devices also prospered and soon became deeply penetrated in consumers' daily lives. Numerous mobile applications have been released in app stores yielding trillions of cumulative downloads. However, a big majority of the applications are disregarded from consumers. Even after the applications are purchased, they do not survive long in consumers' mobile devices and are soon abandoned. Nevertheless, it is imperative for both app developers and app-store operators to understand consumer behaviors and to develop marketing strategies aiming to make sustainable business by first increasing sales of mobile applications and by also designing surviving strategy for applications. Therefore, this research analyzes consumers' mobile application usage behavior in a frame of substitution/supplementary of application categories and several explanatory variables. Considering that consumers of mobile devices use multiple apps simultaneously, this research adopts multivariate probit models to explain mobile application usage behavior and to derive correlation between categories of applications for observing substitution/supplementary of application use. The research adopts several explanatory variables including sociodemographic data, user experiences of purchased applications that reflect future purchasing behavior of paid applications as well as consumer attitudes toward marketing efforts, variables representing consumer attitudes toward rating of the app and those representing consumer attitudes toward app-store promotion efforts (i.e., top developer badge and editor's choice badge). Results of this study can be explained in hedonic and utilitarian framework. Consumers who use hedonic applications, such as those of game and entertainment-related, are of young age with low education level. However, consumers who are old and have received higher education level prefer utilitarian application category such as life, information etc. There are disputable arguments over whether the users of SNS are hedonic or utilitarian. In our results, consumers who are younger and those with higher education level prefer using SNS category applications, which is in a middle of utilitarian and hedonic results. Also, applications that are directly related to tangible assets, such as banking, stock and mobile shopping, are only negatively related to experience of purchasing of paid app, meaning that consumers who put weights on tangible assets do not prefer buying paid application. Regarding categories, most correlations among categories are significantly positive. This is because someone who spend more time on mobile devices tends to use more applications. Game and entertainment category shows significant and positive correlation; however, there exists significantly negative correlation between game and information, as well as game and e-commerce categories of applications. Meanwhile, categories of game and SNS as well as game and finance have shown no significant correlations. This result clearly shows that mobile application usage behavior is quite clearly distinguishable - that the purpose of using mobile devices are polarized into utilitarian and hedonic purpose. This research proves several arguments that can only be explained by second-hand real data, not by survey data, and offers behavioral explanations of mobile application usage in consumers' perspectives. This research also shows substitution/supplementary patterns of consumer application usage, which then explain consumers' mobile application usage behaviors. However, this research has limitations in some points. Classification of categories itself is disputable, for classification is diverged among several studies. Therefore, there is a possibility of change in results depending on the classification. Lastly, although the data are collected in an individual application level, we reduce its observation into an individual level. Further research will be done to resolve these limitations.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.59-77
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• 2016

Although various recommendation techniques have been applied to the e-commerce market, few studies compare the intent to use these techniques from the customer's perspective. In this paper, we conduct a comparative analysis of customers' intention to use five recommendation techniques widely adapted by online shopping malls and focus on the differences in purchasing electronic goods and apparel products. The recommendation techniques are as follows: best-seller recommendation, merchandiser recommendation, content-based recommendation, collaborative filtering recommendation, and social recommendation. Additionally, we examine which factors influence customer intent to use the recommendation services. Data were collected through a survey administered to 220 e-commerce users with prior experience with recommendation services. Collected data were examined using analysis of variance and regression analysis. Results indicate statistically significant differences in customers' intention to use recommendation services according to the recommendation technique. In particular, the best-seller recommendation technique is preferred when purchasing electronic goods, whereas the content-based recommendation technique is preferred for apparel purchases. Factors such as personal characteristics and personality, purchasing tendency, as well as perception of the product or recommendation service affect a customer's intention to use a recommendation service. However, the influence of these factors varies depending on the recommendation technique. This study provides guidelines for companies to adopt appropriate recommendation techniques according to product categories and personal characteristics of customers.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.788-802
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• 2016

Sportswear transforms itself into a new fashion item to satisfy desires for beauty in addition to having functionality and movability for sports activities. Sportswear is not in fashion just temporarily but comes in various forms along with sociocultural phenomenon that put emphasis on well-being and leisure. This research aims to study the needs of the bikers who ride bicycles or cycles has become a popular outdoor activity, and give suggestions for high functional sports design that can satisfy the needs of the highly demanding taste of athletes. To understand the design development direction and design preference, practical consumer needs were derived through a survey analysis on bike wear purchasing satisfaction and actual wearing state by bike riders. For consumer needs analysis, focus group interview, in-depth interview and questionnaire method were used. Based on analysis of those researches, athleisure bike wears appropriate for urban sports activities were categorized into sports, life, fitness and leisure 4 styles for athleisure bike wear design development. It is believed that this study will contribute to in the category expansion of sports wear market and satisfy the consumer demands for functional and specialized casual bike wears as well as fashion factors optimized to life style of modern people.