• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-44
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• 2009

This research classified the customer service factor of on-line shopping mall into tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy and analyzed the effect that the factors affect to consumer's purchase and re-purchase. If we present suggestions on the basis of these results of study, we would provide next two points: First, purchasers have utilized online shopping mall who pursued free from hard sell that being done in off-line and convenience of purchase affected more by reliability and responsiveness such as the fame of shopping mall that visit, reliability of security, and quick product search than the Customer of After-purchase Feedback influence for online purchasers decision factor out of consumer's purchase and re-purchase by on-line shopping mall customer service factor. Second, This study analyzed that online re-purchaser recognized the Customer of After-purchase Feedback factor high and built their loyalty through friendly emotion of on-line shopping mall and satisfaction of shopping mall service, and recommendation. In addition, they behave themselves as an affirmative messenger that is role of the Customer of After-purchase Feedback that make active opinion presentation and participation through community by important adjustment impact that empathy factor of on-line shopping mall customer service.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.809-850
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• 2012

A linkage of emissions trading schemes among Korea, China and Japan demonstrates overall increase in gross domestic product (GDP). However, it also demonstrates reductions in household consumption, and the impact of integration could be very unbalanced between the countries. In particular, the reductions in domestic marginal costs are high in both Korea and Japan. Therefore, household consumptions in the two countries decrease despite increases in GDP because Korea and Japan will be purchasers of emissions rights. China, on the other hand, will experience the opposite. The unbalanced impacts on real household consumptions are intensified when emission credits are allocated via paid auctions instead of free allocation. This was demonstrated to be the case because the circumstances of three countries are intensified when using a paid emissions credit allocation scheme, and their differences could potentially hinder the cooperation between the three countries. Under the free allocation scheme, the emission trading schemes' unbalanced impacts on consumption could be mitigated, but unavoidable negative impacts of free allocation schemes are also serious. Based on the analysis results, Korea, China, and Japan will individually face complicated impacts if their carbon markets are integrated. Although the GDP of three countries will increase as a result of carbon market integration, the benefits of integration will surely be unbalanced, and the three countries will experience negative impacts in terms of actual consumption or employment. In particular, increases in income and consumption, reductions in employment, and energy dependence by credit purchasers (Japan and Korea) and production reduction and possibility of offshoring faced by revenue producing countries (China) could serve as a barrier to carbon market integration. To maximize the positive influences of carbon market integration while reducing the risks of negative side effects, the development and application of complimentary policy tools, such as import duties or discounts for emissions credits, are required.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.313-324
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate in the Age-Specific Choice Attributes of Bakery Product Purchasers on Gyeongbuk. The results were as follows : The findings of survey showed that in general characteristics of respondents, the number of males was 194(33.4%) and females 387(66.6%), so the number of females was slightly higher than that of males. On the matter of bakery purchase attributes, in the case of food life by ages, the 20s belonged to more 'taste-interest type'(44.7%) and the 30s~50s were more 'health-interest type'(p<0.001). When purchasing bakery products, consumers had different importance factors such as taste 61.8%, nutrition 17.6%, price 9.1%. In terms of taste, by ages the 20s were 73.9%, the 30s 65.8%, the 40s 55.8% and the 50s 46.0%(p<0.001). In bakery-using type, franchise bakery was 70.4%, window bakery 16.0%, in the case of franchise bakery by ages, the 20s were 70.2%, the 30s 78.1%, the 40s 72.1% and the 50s 56.0%(p<0.001). In their preference of bakery products, various kinds of sandwich the 20s liked by 37.3%, the 50s by 12.0%(p<0.001). Natural fermented bread accounted for 14.9% in the 20s and 37.0% in the 50s(p<0.001).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.86-90
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• 2014

This study was conducted to examine the state of confusion about those azalea cultivars(hereinafter, Azalea Cultivars) that are used among practicians in landscaping businesses(designers, constructors, and producers). Which Azalea Cultivars would be delivered when they were ordered to producers using the names of Azalea Cultivars notified by the Public Procurement Service. In addition, the situations of azalea cultivar planting designs in the planting design drawings of three apartments completed recently and whether the Azalea Cultivars on the design drawings were the same as those Azalea Cultivars that were actually planted were examined. When Azalea Cultivars were ordered using the notified names, three Azalea Cultivars; Beni, Three, and Daewang were delivered for the name Yeongsanhong and two Azalea Cultivars; Zasanhong and Hancheol were delivered for the name Zasanhong. Yeongsanhong was perceived as a common name of Beni, Three, and Daewang by producers. Therefore, this caused confusion between producers and purchasers. In the case of Zasanhong, as the traits of Zasanhong are similar to those of the cultivar Hancheol, the producers or purchasers might have been unable to clearly distinguish between the cultivars and thus two cultivars might have been delivered without being distinguished from each other. The names of Azalea Cultivars used in planting design drawings were the names notified by the notifying agencies or comprehensive and unclear names such as azalea and Yeongsanhong. Completely different Azalea Cultivars from those written in planting design drawings were planted in actual construction sites in many cases. These situations should have occurred because designers did not write accurate cultivar names in planting design drawings and constructors could not accurately perceive the classification characteristics of individual Azalea Cultivars but planted those Azalea Cultivars with similar flowers colors or those that could be easily bought to fit the conditions of construction sites.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.147-160
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate in the residence and the income preference and purchase satisfaction of Bakery Product Purchasers. The findings of survey showed that in general characteristics of respondents, Out of the total 1,235 people, 59.6% of them were women, 40.4% of them were men, so the number of females was slightly higher than that of males, and the number of consumers living in big cities was 53.0% and that of small & medium-sized cities was 47.0%. In their preference of bakery products, bakery products liked the most 'plain white bread'(56.5%), 'sandwich products'(26.0 %), 'naturally fermented bread and health bread'(24.5%), and 'cakes'(20.6%) and 'Bread and coffee, and beverages'(I7.2%) in order. In terms of income, they preferred 'naturally fermented bread and health bread' as income rose(p<0.001), and they preferred 'cakes'(p<0.001) and 'sandwich products'(0.001) as income went down. In bakery products satisfaction, bakery products were satisfied with its 'quality and taste'(M=3.76), 'freshness'(M=3.64), 'good quality of materials'(M=3.40), and 'functional products for sale'(M=3.31), and 'nutrients'(M=3.24) in order. In residential areas, both people in big cities in Seoul and small and medium sized cities considered the 'quality and taste'(p<0.05) and the 'freshness'(p<0.05) to be important.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

The purpose of the study was to identify the level of housing choice behavior by using the factors of residential satisfaction level, mobility motivation, and housing needs of potential purchasers in Bukgu New Housing Area, Ulsan. The survey used questionnaire from 326 households living in Bukgu and nearby area and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The research results showed low degree of residential satisfaction in storage space and neighborhood. The mobility motivations were improvement of physical environment improvement, education environment, walking road, view and lighting. The housing needs for indoor spaces showed to want more functional arrangement than the room size. The housing needs for outdoor spaces showed to want neighborhood environment in connection with the education or hospital facilities, the welfare facilities for pre-kindergarten children and elders and the leisure facilities. And the housing needs for facilities were floor furnishing for health, crime prevention system for safety needs, housekeeping appliance against environmental pollution, additional function for energy saving. The housing needs for common spaces showed that the residents preferred playing facilities by age group, exercise facilities, the community hall and the rest room which can do games or meetings.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-94
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• 2010

The online shopping environment has radically changed consumer shopping behavior. Without the actual physical shopping experience in a brick-and-mortar store, consumers make purchasing decisions over the Internet. They make an effort to obtain product information not only from online merchants, but also from previous purchasers in order to make an informed decision. Accordingly, customer comments are expected to have a significant impact on decisions to purchase goods and services online. This paper focuses on one type of electronic word-of-mouth, the online consumer review. It derives several motivations why customers post product reviews on shopping mall sites. Customer motives were identified through an in depth one-on-one interview with twenty female respondents conducted twice from June $17^{th}$ to September $11^{th}$, 2009. The interviews lasted between 40 and 60 minutes. The results showed that consumers write product reviews based on six motivations: to receive a reward or remuneration for writing a product review, to share information with other customers, to improve the quality of goods and services, to reduce customer dissatisfaction, to recommend products and services, and to derive pleasure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.84-98
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• 2012

This study examines the children's wear purchasing behavior of younger generation women (the missy group) and in the new-silver generation (retired). The data collected in the study were examined with a view to establish effective marketing strategies within the children's wear market, a market where the age and characteristics of the actual purchasers of the products have become more diverse. A descriptive survey method using a self-administered questionnaire was employed. The sample consisted of 398 females between the ages of 28 and 64 residing in Seoul and the Gyeonggi-do area. Data collected were analyzed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA, factor analysis, cluster analysis, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Respondents were classified into 4 groups by their clothes shopping orientation: conformable/brand conscious purchasing type, planned purchasing/enjoy shopping type, store/brand loyal impulse-oriented type, and dependent/low shopping interest type. There were differences between the missy and the new- silver generations under consideration. It is clear from the study that, even though some individuals of the missy group and of new-silver group belonged to the same shopping orientation type, individuals still showed differences with regard to children's wear purchasing behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.37-48
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to survey Navajo's textiles of the transitional period(1868-1890) and to examine appearance background of those textiles. The two study questions were central to the project. 1) What were characteristics of eye-dazzler and pictorial in the transitional period? 2) How developed was the American trader's role? To perform the purpose, literatures on this subject were surveyed, investigation of textiles in Arizona State Museum and Historical Museum of Arizona were accomplished. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Eye-dazzler is called because of their small, serrate triangle and diamond patterns in intense, contrasting colors. Eye-dazzler mostly used Germantown yam and wedge-weave technique. Germantown was a plied yam colored with synthetic dyes. Wedge-weave technique used optical illusions and an undulating technique to create an effect of motion and rhythmic symmetry. 2. The Americans began to intern Navajos at Bosque Redondo, New Mexico in 1863. During their stay at Bosque Redondo, the Navajo came into greater contact with Rio Grande blankets. The influence of designs of these becomes increasingly important in the eye-dazzler. 3. Pictorial materials included rich new sources the railroad provided and living environment of animals, plants, hogans, neighbors, deities that interested the Navajo. Also, sandpainting textiles were a pictorial. Three types of textiles utilized: yei, yeibichai, and sandpainting tapestry. 4. The arrival of the railroad caused many changes for the lives and textiles of the Navajos. The railroad brought a new client into the Navajo, and the Navajos attempted new textiles with design-inspiring fresh materials to adjust taste of the eastern purchasers.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.135-146
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• 2012

This study aims to analyze the preference of jacket design, practical factors regarding jacket-wearing and purchasing behavior for korean baby- boom generation women. The results are as follows: 1. According to the outfit preference survey, the silhouette most preferred by female baby boomers is the "X-line Silhouette", "hip length", "slightly fitted and well fitted". The preferred jacket colors for different seasons were grey and beige for spring, white and light yellow for summer, khaki and brown for fall and black and dark grey for winter. 2. According to the survey on factors to consider when purchasing jackets, 52% indicated that they "almost never" or "occasionally" had their jackets repaired after purchasing them. When purchasing jackets, the highest expected effect of looking younger by wearing a jacket was "looking 4-5 years younger". 3. According to the survey on price demands, the average purchase price for jackets was 160,000~200,000 won (27.80%) followed by 210,000~350,000 won (25.64%) and a significant difference existed based on the purchasers' economic activities.