• IE interfaces
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.432-440
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• 2003

The inter-organizational business process is one of the hot issues in B2B e-commerce. In this paper, through the survey of the inter-organizational business process integration and the analysis of B2Bi related standards, e.g., BPML, WSDL, WSCI, and BPSS, we propose a method of linking BPML and BPSS specifications that can be used to integrate private processes with the public processes among enterprises. We also suggest an application example of the method by redefining a PIP of RosettaNet to the BPSS specification. The basic principle of the method is to maintain the independency of the existing BPML and BPSS applications and to construct an intermediary transformation module between the two applications.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.57-66
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• 2022

The aim of the article is to investigate socio-political processes in Ukraine on the basis of institutional and behavioral approaches, in particular their regulatory and informational support. Methodology. To determine the nature and content of sociopolitical processes, the following approaches have been used: 1. Institutional approach in order to analyze the development of Ukraine's political institutions. 2. The behavioral approach has been used for the analysis of socio-political processes in Ukraine in the context of political behavior of citizens, their political activity which forms the political culture of the country. Results. The general features of the socio-political situation in Ukraine are as follows: the formed model of government, which can be conditionally described as "presidential"; public demand for new leaders remains at a high level; the society has no common vision of further development; significant tendency of reduction of real incomes of a significant part of the society and strengthening of fiscal pressure on businessmen will get a public response after some time. Increasing levels of voice, accountability, efficiency of governance and the quality of the regulatory environment indicate a slow change in the political system, which will have a positive impact on public sentiment in the future. At the same time, there has been little change in the quality of Ukraine's institutions to ensure political stability, the rule of law and control of corruption. There are no cardinal changes in the development of the institution of property rights, protection of intellectual rights, changes in the sphere of ethics and control of corruption. Thus, Ukraine's political institutions have not been able to bring about any change in the social-political processes. Accordingly, an average level of trust and confidence of citizens in political institutions and negative public sentiment regarding their perception and future change can be traced in Ukraine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2022

An application case of systems engineering (SE) processes for the small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) development project, which was funded by the Korean government during June 2017 ~ August 2020, is briefly presented in this paper. From the beginning to the end of the project, SE processes had been applied and managed by simple and intuitive aspects for the small/medium business companies joined with insufficient experiences of SE. And the specific considerations of the processes were focused to the missions of disaster and public safety purposes required from the government, such as identification, patrol, fire, rescue, etc. As a result, the project applied by the tailored SE processes had been rated of a good and higher accomplishment on the final evaluation, and then the related several programs were prepared successively for the other opportunities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study is to present an appropriate sampling method for individual exposure assessment based on a comparison of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) concentrations collected through different sampling methods by work process type. Methods: Two plants handling TDIs in the Incheon area were selected. The samplings were taken during respective processes of spray painting, drying, grinding, and foaming, in which the production of TDIs took on different forms. For the sampling methods for airborne TDIs, open-face cassette holder, modified 2-piece cassette holder, and impinger were used, and the sampling was performed simultaneously at the same locations. Results: The comparison of TDI collection concentrations by each process depending on the sampling method showed high concentrations in the order of the impinger, modified 2-piece cassette holder, and open-face cassette holder for spray painting and foaming. In all processes with the exception of drying, TDI collection concentrations were higher for sampling done with the modified 2-piece cassette holder than with the open-face cassette holder. Conclusions: Based on these results, the modified 2-piece cassette holder was found to be a more appropriate sampling method than the open-face cassette holder when taking individual samples of TDIs from spray painting, grinding, and foaming processes. In particular, for individual exposure assessment of the spray painting process, which features comparatively high collection concentrations compared to the other processes, the use of a modified 2-piece cassette holder is considered appropriate.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.319-332
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• 2016

Micropollutants are often discharged to surface waters through untreated wastewater from sewage treatment plants and wastewater treatment plants. The presence of micropollutants in surface waters is a serious concern because surface water is usually provided to water treatment plants (WTP) to produce drinking water. Many micropollutants can withstand conventional WTP systems and stay in tap water. In particular, pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors are examples of micropollutants that are detected at the drinking water, ppb, or even ppb level. A variety of techniques and processes, especially advanced oxidation processes, have been applied to remove micropollutants from water to control drinking water contamination. This paper reviews recent researches on the occurrence and removal of micropollutants in the aquatic environments and during water treatment processes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.51-59
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• 2011

This research suggests that the Design Quality Indicator for School(DQIfS) could be applied on the education facilities construction process not only as a building design assessment tool, but also as a participation tool. From the analyze of the background, the aims, the implementation processes and the case studies of the DQIfS, the results are: 1. DQI was formulated with the social requirement for the public participation in the public building design processes.; 2. DQI was articulated with the aim to involve the wide range of the stakeholders in the design processes, to hear the various opinions of the stakeholders, and to apply these opinions in the planning or the decision-making processes.; 3. In the implementation stage, it was found that the implementation methods of the DQIfS was devised to involve the wide range of the stakeholders. Moreover, the DQIfS has transformed its representation way to convey the results to the stakeholders and make a base for the discussion. 4. Through the case studies, it was found that the DQIfS was used with various participatory planning methods in the implementation process. Furthermore, the DQIfS was used as a main method to provide the basis of the discussion about the educational facility design. Thus, it could be concluded that DQIfS is a specialized participation tool for making participatory processes in the educational building design processes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.22-40
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• 2001

Apoptosis is characterized by DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation and plasma membrane blebbing. These apoptotic processes have been mainly associated with genetic mechanisms. Recently, these processes have been also associated with mitochondrial events that include the release of cytochrome c and Diablo/SMAC by modulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability.(omitted)

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.51-90
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• 2016

Learning is naturally embedded in organizational ongoing-processes and routines. Recent many research models of organizational failure ignore how failing masks breakdowns and recoveries of organization-embedded learning as a naturally occurring process. Organizational learning is the platform in tandem with base-modules of organization in this point. Organizations learn and unlearn while they acquire, discard, and forget organizational experiences or knowledges. These processes in public sector organizations are different from learning behaviors in private sector. This study expects to explore architectural components of learning organization in public sector, focusing on distinct characteristics of public organizations, and to implement learning model based on system thinking(system dynamic) approach.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 2013

Since a government design department office was set up in 2007, active design projects have been implemented. With this opportunity, each local self-governing organization has improved its administration and institutions, and are planning intensive research on public design for efficient execution of public design projects. However, recent public design projects have caused many problems due to unspecialized design processes, a lack of cooperation with relevant organizations, and unsatisfactory management systems after projects. Therefore, to overcome such problems in the execution of public design projects, a procedure-centered model should be developed. This study aims to analyse the process structures for the strategic execution of public design projects, and the methods and content of the execution process. For this purpose, this study looked into the process structures of public design projects based on design management strategies in order to draw suggestions needed for the execution process through advanced cases. The study is summed up as follows: First, when the process of public design projects was examined in terms of management strategies and design management strategies, it included two dimensions: the management structure of general projects and the design of development projects. Secondly, through the analysis of public design cases, this study discovered useful methodologies and the main programs used and drew suggestions needed for each step in public design projects. It is expected that the results of this study will be helpful for the development of a process model appropriate for national public design projects based on the current status of the project execution and to make a contribution to systematic development in national public design.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.47-56
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to explore how consumers respond to the immoral actions of a CEO. More specifically, this research focuses on the moral reasoning processes used by consumers in order to maintain support for the CEO despite the immoral action. In addition, this research suggests that support for the CEO would improve product purchase intention. Research design, data, and methodology: To test the hypotheses presented, an online research company was hired and online survey was conducted with adult participants. Online research company sent an email to the potential subjects asking their participation in an online survey. Subjects were able to participate in the online survey by clicking a link to the survey. When the participants clicked the link, they were instructed to read a fictitious newspaper article on a CEO's immoral action. And then, they were asked to answer several questions online. Responses were obtained from 336 adults participants and data were analyzed using SPSS Hayes Macro for a moderation effect and AMOS for a structural equation model. Result: Moral reasoning processes were divided into moral decoupling and moral rationalization and analyzed to determine their influence on product purchase. Also in this study, we suggest the public self-consciousness of consumers as an antecedent of moral reasoning processes, and argue that consumers with high public self-consciousness are more likely to engage in moral decoupling than moral rationalization. Conclusions: Our results showed that moral decoupling and moral rationalization improved the consumer's perception of corporate ethicality, which increased product purchase intention. In addition, consumers with high public self-consciousness were more likely to engage in moral decoupling than in moral rationalization. In addition, this research suggested that severity of the scandal would moderate the impact of public self-consciousness on moral decoupling. However, this hypothesis was not supported statistically since most participants perceived the scandal to be a highly severe incident, that may lead to an insignificant interaction effect between severity of the scandal and public self-consciousness. This research expands the scope of available research on corporate ethics and consumer responses to negative information involving celebrities and provides practical implications for corporate crisis management.