• Korean Security Journal
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• no.24
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• pp.67-90
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• 2010

Today, the police alone can not prevent a crime. And the police is limited to meet for people's the increased needs on public safety. So the police and the community needs the cooperation of a variety of resources. Police in cooperation with community resources to respond to the crime's most professional and the private sector is a private security. However, the role of private security for cooperation policing is insufficient in South Korea. So for this study to build a cooperative policing in South Korea as private security for the following four kinds of directions are presented. First, as a private security of the United States and Japan, specializes in diversified business sectors. Simple human-oriented private security of the building security get out. Instead, take the high-tech crime prevention or industry complex security should be changed to a professional organization. Second, the interaction between police and private security should be increased. Police and private security through regular meetings between the need for mutual interests and build consensus is needed. The role of private security companies to be represented on the Security Association of South Korea's active role in the matter. Third, efforts to improve the image of private security activities and the publiciy activity of private security is needed. Some of the private security in an effort to escape a negative image to the people and actively promote a positive image is necessary. Finally, for South Korea to the level the cooperation between the police and private security are required to develop system models. Front-line policing priority in the field and the mutual understanding between the police and private security in an effort to have a positive perception is needed. Equal partners, especially the police and private security to private security companies to have recognized experts in their own recruitment and training should be improved by strengthening the expertise.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.57
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• pp.9-26
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• 2018

In order to reflect the Changes in this government's policy of making Temporary Position employees into the Public sector permanent, special security guards from Private Security firms in the National Critical Facilities protection Position are moving forward transformation to Permanent Position. Especially, the organization of the protection personnel of the National Government Buildings designated as the National Critical Facilities is comprised of various types of security personnels, protective officer, special security guards from Private Security firms, Private police guards, police officers and these types of security personnels protect for the Government Buildings. Recently, The Government Security planning division is discussing various types of transformation, Special Security guards are employed directly by the Government in order to convert them into Permanent position, Special Security guards are employed directly through a establishment of Public Security corporation, protective officers are hired by the Government, Self-guards are hired directly by the Government, Private police guards are employed directly by the Government. In order to reflect the Changes the Government policy of making Temporary position employees into the Permanent, the Special Security Guards from Private Security Firms in the National Critical Facility's protection environment, protective personnels operation characteristic under various circumstances. Especially, in the process of making Special Security Guards to Permanent position, it is necessary to take precedence over the various opinions of Special Security Guards and stakeholder.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.29-38
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• 2017

Organizational commitment (OC) is one of the most important attitudes and/or organizational variables. It is one of the important factors for increasing organizational performance and consequently it has a significant impact on productivity enhancement. Study of behavior in the workplace due to the great importance of manpower compared to other resources within the organization is of great importance too. OC is a psychological state which represents kind of desire, a need and a requirement for continuing employment in an organization. It is considered as one of the most influential factors in getting success and competitive advantage in today's organizations. Investigating effect of financial and non-financial variables on financial performance for a long-term has engaged the minds of researchers. Intensification of competition in markets has increased importance of recognizing competitive advantage patterns and their effect on financial performance (FP).This research conducted to provide a better understanding for people as well as for aggregation of a research subject OC and FP is compared in Indian banking sector by taking sample of 2 public and two private banks the correlation between the OC and FP and the results included a positive and significant correlation. Desired FP to increase wealth is an essential and obvious issue. According to the issued subjects, today, commitments and their impact on FP of companies have become increasingly important. In Indian banks the correlation between the OC & FP were found significant.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.99-116
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• 1996

It is clear that so called 1% law " in Korea has been established to enhance the quality of urban environment. However, after more than 10 years of its enforcement, environmental sculptures installed in accordance with the "1% law" are even being called as "sculptural pollution". This research was a part of a study on the environmental sculptures for the enhancement of the quality of urban environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate problems inherent in the outdoor space as places of environmental sculptures installed in accordance with "1% law". The following facts were found from the analysis of the relationship between 223 environmental sculptures and their surrounding environment from the viewpoint of spatial organization through field surveys. 1. 88.3% out of 223 environmental sculptures were located on ' 'public space' on study sites 2. 69.1% were placed on 'green' 3. 80.7% of 'green' were either 'point' types or 'line' types 4. 85.2% were under 5m in the longest dimension. The implication of this study is that "1% law" in Korea has been applied to only buildings in private sector where most outdoor space area in unadequate physical and spatial conditions to install diverse forms of environmental sculptures. Further studies must be carried out to install environmental sculptures in public open pace as an alternative by amending "1% law".

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.177-184
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• 2015

This study is focused on the public developer's role of urban regeneration projects in Japan to derive implications for economy-based-urban regeneration programs by the Special Act on Activation and Support for Urban Regeneration (Urban Regeneration Special Act). 4 case studies; Otemachi 1-1, Shinonome, Shibuya Station and Osiage-Narihirabashi were delivered to review public sectors' roles. Central government, local government and public developer play key roles each step. Urban Regeneration Special Act doesn't set up public sector's role to deliver urban regeneration projects after establishment of master plan. These cases build the governance organization to deliver urban regeneration projects among diverse interest groups including private sectors and landowners. Especially, public developers play a key role as a coordinator and a developer throughout whole urban regeneration projects.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.69-85
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• 2017

The positive changes in urban space and urban activities resulting from the urban services provided by Smart City is not accomplished by simply creating the physical environment built on ICT but through the cooperation and participation of citizens and private sector, which is in fact key to success. In this study, this research analyzed the role and structure of smart governance, which is a system of horizontal cooperation between public and private sector, and analyze its role in developing Smart City. The study also proposes various ways to facilitate such development in each of critical categories. For this purpose, this research studied 228 smart services across 11 categories registered in the Ministry of Land and Transport in Korea to analyze the spatial distribution of smart services by spatial hierarchy and their characteristics Also, the research conducted a case study of MetroGIS, which is an information collaboration governance system for the greater area of Minneapolis and St. Paul in the state of Minnesota, United States, to explore how governance is formed; its organizational structure; the role of sub-level organization hierarchy and their interrelationship. The results of the analysis suggest that the following conditions are required to create a smart city: first, public sector resource assistance for building community; second, enhanced communication system within the community and with outside the community; securing financial stability and establishing a model of sustainable development to induce the community to evolve into a governance form.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.165-175
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• 2012

Recently, accumulation of technology, transfer, absorption, and commercialization is being significantly recognized as a key factor for sustainable growth of the 21st century global economy. The government established "Technology Transfer and Commercialization Promotion Act" In order that the technology developed at public research institutions can be transferred to the private sector and commercialized; the technology developed in the private sector can be traded and commercialized. Also, the Article 14 of "Technology Transfer and Commercialization Promotion Act" is concerning technology transfer agents' registration, promotion, and support: it introduced the special status system of technology transfer agents and the government registers, manages, and supervises it. In most developed countries, the technology transfer agency is transferred to the private sector and it is referred as a technology transfer agent or technology broker. In the domestic market, despite the introduction of the above special status system and the building a various organization and transfer medium system for boosting the market's revitalization, some problems occurred; because the registration system of a technology transfer agent and legal basis and system about its following-up control fall short. For example, recently technology transfer-related performance exemption has brought the activation of technology transfer agent's registration, but there was the limit of selecting the expert above a certain level. Therefore, some countermeasures for this are urgent, In addition, through a compulsory training completion system before the technology trade agent registration is prepared, a short period of curriculum was not sufficient to provide applicants various specialized knowledge. In this research, it is considered about the reform of technology transfer agent through its comparative study in China and Korea. Some improvements are suggested for expanding the market of technology transfer commercialization, assuring the agents' service and strengthening the competitiveness.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 2016

A new manual of System of Health Accounts (SHA) 2011, was published jointly by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, and World Health Organization in 2011. This offers more complete coverage than the previous version, SHA 1.0, within the functional classification in areas such as prevention and a precise approach for tracking financing in the health care sector using the new classification of financing schemes. This paper aims to demonstrate current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the years 1970-2014 constructed according to the SHA2011. Data sources for public financing include budget and settlement documents of the government, various statistics from the National Health Insurance, and others. In the case of private financing, an estimation of total revenue by provider groups is made from the Economic Census data and the household income and expenditure survey, Korean healthcare panel study, etc. are used to allocate those totals into functional classifications. CHE was 105 trillion won in 2014, which accounts for 7.1% of Korea's gross domestic product. It was a big increase of 7.7 trillion won, 7.9%, from the previous year. Public share (government and compulsory schemes) accounting for 56.5% of the CHE in 2014 was still much lower than the OECD average of about 73%. With these estimates, it is possible to compare health expenditures of Korea and other countries better. Awareness and appreciation of the need and gains from applying SHA2011 for the health expenditure classification are expected to increase as OECD health expenditure figures get more frequently quoted among health policy makers.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Purpose: Organizational justice is not considered as objective variable, but considerably, it is the employee's perceptions about an organization. Since the last four decades, researchers endorsed the significant importance of organizational justice on motivation and work behaviours like turnover intentions, trust, motivation, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, in-role and organizational citizenship behaviour. Accordingly, scant literature is available on procedural justice - organizational citizenship behaviour via mediating role of leader-member exchange (LMX) in higher education context especially in Asian countries like Pakistan. Research Design, Data and Methodology: Cross - sectional study design was used and data was collected from the 452 permanent and contractual teaching faculty serving in different positions at private and public sector degree awarding institutes / universities accredited by Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. Mediated regression analysis, as proposed by Baron and Kenny (1986), was employed to address the research hypothesis. Results: Results showed that procedural justice and LMX was positively impacted on OCB and LMX also fully mediates the relationship of procedural justice and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). Conclusion: The result indicated that LMX fully mediates the relationship of procedural justice and organizational citizenship behaviour.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the working hours of Korean workers in terms of occupation, employment contract period, employment type, final education level based on the first(2006), second(2010), third(2011), fourth(2014) Korean Working Conditions Survey(KWCS) results. Also KWCS was compared to European Working Conditions Survey(EWCS). It is found that weekly working hours were decreasing over the years since mid 2000 but weekly working hours of Korean were still longer than those of Europeans. It is also found that service workers and sales workers worked longer hours than specialists, that private sector worked longer hours than public and non-profit organization, and that the less educated worked longer hours than the more educated.