• The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology
• /
• v.17 no.7
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 2019

In this paper, related studies were investigated by dividing them into cost-benefit analysis, security continuity services, and SW-centric calculations. The case analysis was conducted on A institutions in the United States, Japan and South Korea. Based on this, an improvement model was prepared through comparison with the current system. The SCS(Security Continuity Service) performance evaluation system-based information protection service cost calculation model is proposed. This method applies a service level agreement(SLA) and NIST Cybersecurity framework that are highly effective through cost-effectiveness analysis and calculates consideration based on characteristics, performance criteria, and weights by information protection service. This model can be used as a tool to objectively calculate the cost of information protection services at public institutions. It is also expected that this system can be established by strengthening the current recommended statutory level to the enforceability level, improving the evaluation system of state agencies and public institutions, introducing a verification system of information protection services by national certification bodies, and expanding its scope to all systems.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.1723-1730
• /
• 2008

The national IT outsourcing is actively achieved centering around the manufacturing enterprise and financial institution. The If outsourcing of the public institution is generalized. The IT development and operation management task are the field in which first an outsourcing is introduced due to a factor including the technological change, the efper increase in demand, and etc. Particularly, the core business of the public institution is the public service. Therefore, the core business of the public institution can concentrate on the core business and by drastically outsourcing the etc task ran improve an efficiency. Therefore, as to the IT outsourcing, the innovative method that can enhance the quality of the public service can become. In this paper, We analyze how the Supply Administration introducing the service level agreement (SLA: Service Level Agreement) and the problem that the Samsung SDS is faced with were solved. And the practical affairs guide-line for managing elements which can minimize trial and error and successfully implement the IT outsourcing is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.277-296
• /
• 2022

Despite the characteristics of public data with various potentials, few studies have been conducted on general users who lack an understanding of data as well as on expansion of the service uses. This study examined which digital-service-quality factors affect the intention to continue using public data services based on the expectation confirmation theory. As a result of the analysis, satisfaction partially mediated between expectation agreement and continued use intention for understandability and efficiency, which were combined as one factor, and completely mediated the relationship between perceived usefulness expectation agreement and continued use intention. It can be seen that the more the understanding and usefulness of the information provided by the service is satisfied, the higher the willingness to use it. Accordingly, it suggested adding an electronic bookmark function and the provision of online community for users to improve the overall quality of services. This study is significant in that it provided evidence on which part to focus on when designing electronic services from the point of view of general users.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.357-373
• /
• 2006

The study aims to explore the individual and group agreement of the direct payment of less-favored areas in Japan. This study was conducted by literature review, specialist interview and field visiting. The results of this study were as follows. First, direct payment policy in Japan was consisted of three components which were to maintaining multiple functions, to reorient agriculture sector, and to revitalizing the community activities. Second, the purposes of direct payments with conversion program is to reorient agriculture and revitalize the community activities which were changed from sustaining existing agriculture. Third, the conditions of group agreement is to make a agreement that a group of farmers should make a five-year agreement stipulating activities necessary to prevent the abandonment of farmland and to be more than one hector, and good agricultural practice or other activities favorable or friendly to environment should be implemented. As individual and group agreement, the land area of direct payment was 662,000 ha in less favored areas. In conclusion after direct payment in less favored areas, the abandonment of farmland was mitigated, and the agricultural production activities and community activities had become more vigorous through the discussion for planning their own land in the village.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.6C
• /
• pp.607-615
• /
• 2005

Group key agreement protocols are designed to allow a group of parties communicating over a public network to securely establish a common secret key. Over the years, a number of solutions to this problem have been proposed with varying degrees of complexity. However, there seems to have been no previous systematic look at the growing problem of key agreement over combined wired/wireless networks, consisting of both high-performance computing machines and low-power mobile devices. In this paper we present an efficient group key agreement scheme well suited for this networking environment. Our scheme meets efficiency, scalability, and all the desired security requirements.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.343-405
• /
• 2009

This paper is to discuss essential business of hospital business. While the labor world and ILO made continuous recommendation for improvements towards the compulsory arbitration system along with the controversy over unconstitutionality of the system, the Constitutional Court ruled that the system is constitutional on December 23, 1996(90hunba19) and on May 15, 2003 (2001hunga31). Despite this decision from the Constitutional Court, there has been much controversy over whether the compulsory arbitration system infringes the rights of collective action against the principle of trade union & labor relations adjustment which allows Commissioner of the Labor Relations Commission to decide on submission of arbitration by virtue of his/her authority in case where industrial disputes take place in the essential public-service businesses. The revision on the above provision was closely examined from the year 2003 and an agreement was made on the abolition of the compulsory arbitration system and the introduction of essential business with a grand compromise among labor unions, employers and the government on September 11, 2006 followed by revision(Essential business system enacted on January 1, 2008) of the Trade Union & Labor Relations Adjustment Act on December 30 in the same year. Accordingly, in order to perform the essential business, parties to labor relations must have an agreement or obtain a decision by the Labor Relations Commission before taking industrial actions. This paper firstly examined the concept of essential public-service businesses and essential business, legal meaning of essential business, procedures for making agreement and decision and legal effects. Secondly it intensively explored a theory against the principle of the legality which was raised from some part of society. In other words, it is claimed that a theory against the principle of the legality is not consistent with the rule of legislation and some abstract wording is against void for vagueness doctrine because part of crime constitution requirements is delegated to the Presidential Decree or to consultation among parties to labor relations. But analysis on the rule of legislation and void for vagueness doctrine reflected in the decision by the Constitutional Court led that argument for a theory against the principle of the legality is not reasonable. Close examination was done on a formal act of essential business agreement and necessity of prior agreement before submission of decision to the Labor Relations Commission which might have difficulties in performing work. In addition, an example agreement on hospital essential business is attached to help you understand this paper better.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate key factors that affect customer dissatisfaction on public transportation system by highlighting the necessity of citizen participation and improved management of advanced technology for sustainability. Research questions applied in this study include following; i) how are factors on dissatisfaction related to types of transportation modes; ii) how do perceived proposed factors affect citizen dissatisfaction; iii) how do the improvement of public transportation service affect the level of expected satisfaction; and iv) how do expected satisfaction affect policy agreement and government trust. Research design, data and methodology: For qualitative research, civil opinions were collected and chi-square analysis was applied using keywords. For quantitative research, online survey was collected and factor and multiple regression analyses were applied. 3) Results: This study found that efficiency of operation system and safety on dissatisfaction showed significant in all three public transportation modes. This study found that perception of government policy and trust on government will increase as expected satisfaction increases. Conclusions: This study provides managerial and policy implications on society and policy makers by addressing necessity of improving strategies for public transportation system with the consideration of citizen relationship management and sustainable development.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.55-88
• /
• 2002

Arbitration Act does not have express provision about voluntary agreement for the arbitration which third party, that is, the expert confirms factual bases of party's relationship of rights and duties, determines contents of the contract, and supplements or modifies contracts, and then the parties obey the expert's decision, but it is more probable that the parties can agree to this kind of arbitration agreement as long as they freely make a contract within the scope of law. However, there is a split of authority on the scope of such arbitration agreement. Some scholars argue that the parties can only agree on the extent of the expert's confirmation about factual situations of party's relationship of rights and duties or contents of the contract. On the other hand, the other scholars argue that the parties can consent not only the expert's confirmation about factual situations of party's relationship of rights and duties or contents of contract, but also the expert's supplement or modification of contents of contract. Due to the expert's decision has effect on both parties and judges who give a judgment as a matter of law, this kind of arbitration agrement can contribute to prevent litigation. Also arbitration relieves court's burden, if such arbitration agreement was done on the important disputes. Considering that the arbitration agreement can function as a dispute resolution or a dispute prevention, it is desirable that legislators make the provision about this kind of arbitration and allow the application of arbitration Act in such arbitration agreement. Most scholars agree that the voluntary agreement for the arbitration as to third party's supplement or modification of contents of the contract can be included in the concept of a substantive law. However, it has not been concluded whether the voluntary agreement for the arbitration which follows the expert's confirmation about factual situations of party's relationship of rights and duties or contents of the contract has the nature of substantive law or procedural law. The dispute about the nature of such arbitration agreement have some shortcomings in the effect of second kind of voluntary arbitration and the applicability of procedural principles. Therefore, it will be more adequate that the focus is given to the original function of this kind of arbitration agreement and the applicability of procedural principles (the neutrality of arbitrator, the assurance of hearing of the parties) rather than the dispute regarding the nature of this kind of arbitration agreement. Considering that more attention is given to the substitutive dispute resolution these days, the function of arbitration as prevention to the litigation and resolution before the litigation should be emphasized. To do this, a legal dispute about such arbitration agreement has to be resolved. More important issues in this kind of arbitration agreement are to retain of the neutral expert and to positively inform the benefits of this institution to the public.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 2015

Purpose - It has been argued that the regulations restricting entry and opening hours of General Super Markets and Super Super Markets have not been as effective as expected. In contrast, the win-win item scheme that appeared recently has the advantage that it could raise the effectiveness of the system in that win-win items are in principle resigned on the basis of bilateral agreements. This study analyzes the win-win item agreement made between Homeplus at Hap-jung and small traditional markets to examine the practical effectiveness of the win-win item scheme. While existing literature studying the regulatory effects have concentrated on the restrictions around store entry or opening hours of large retailers, it can be said that there have been few empirical studies on the effect of win-win items agreement with large retailers. Research design, data, and methodology - Homeplus at Hap-jung made a win-win items agreement with nearby small traditional market traders in 2013. In accordance with this voluntary agreement, Homeplus started by limiting its sales to 15 win-win items. The survey was conducted through one-on-one interviews, April 14 to May 2, 2014, by a professional public opinion research agency. The interviews were targeted at small business retailers in the nearby traditional market. We divided the traditional markets near Homeplus at Hap-jung where the win-win item agreement was achieved into two groups, win-win item agreement markets and non win-win item agreement markets, to compare the performance difference between the two groups. Results - To determine the change in sales of the 15 win-win items, we examined the performance difference between the two groups using two criteria (compared with similar items, and compared to sales volume a year ago). The results show that the individual sales of win-win items in the win-win item agreement markets are more likely to increase than in the non win-win item agreement markets. Total sales volume of individual stores in the agreement markets also showed a more significant increase compared to a year ago than those in non win-win item agreement markets. Conclusions - Contrary to the existing retail regulations that have one-sided and uniform characteristics, it can be pointed out that the win-win item scheme has the effect of increasing the success of the system itself because it is done on the basis of mutual agreement between General Super Markets and traditional markets. The empirical results of this study can be said to support this conjecture. For the successful settlement of a win-win items agreement, the following points should be reviewed. First, it requires a great effort from the selection process of win-win items in order to improve the effectiveness of the agreement. Second, the existing General Super Markets customers should be introduced to the traditional markets or small shops to increase the sales of win-win items. Therefore, voluntary effort is essentially required from the traditional markets to engage customers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.294-302
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the agreement between medical history questionnaire data and claims data and to identify the factors that were associated with discrepancies between these data types. Methods: Data from self-reported questionnaires that assessed an individual's history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, stroke, heart disease, and pulmonary tuberculosis were collected from a general health screening database for 2014. Data for these diseases were collected from a healthcare utilization claims database between 2009 and 2014. Overall agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa values were calculated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with discrepancies and was adjusted for age, gender, insurance type, insurance contribution, residential area, and comorbidities. Results: Agreement was highest between questionnaire data and claims data based on primary codes up to 1 year before the completion of self-reported questionnaires and was lowest for claims data based on primary and secondary codes up to 5 years before the completion of self-reported questionnaires. When comparing data based on primary codes up to 1 year before the completion of selfreported questionnaires, the overall agreement, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa values ranged from 93.2 to 98.8%, 26.2 to 84.3%, 95.7 to 99.6%, and 0.09 to 0.78, respectively. Agreement was excellent for hypertension and diabetes, fair to good for stroke and heart disease, and poor for pulmonary tuberculosis and dyslipidemia. Women, younger individuals, and employed individuals were most likely to under-report disease. Conclusions: Detailed patient characteristics that had an impact on information bias were identified through the differing levels of agreement.