• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2003

Background: Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) is valuable for the evaluation of the central pathway. However, peripheral neuropathy sometimes renders the test useless by preventing the conduction from reaching the CNS. We postulated that the peripheral conduction problems could be overcome by proximal stimulation in SSEP and wanted to verify this in the study. Methods: Twenty patients with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy were included. SSEP was elicited by stimulating the median and posterior tibial nerves. We compared the effect of distal and proximal stimulations in each SSEP in the aspect of presence/absence and various latencies of resultant waves. Results: Among the 40 cases, proximal stimulation caused reappearance of subsided waves in 10 cases (25%). In the median nerve SSEP, proximal stimulation made EN1 and CN2 visible which were not evident when distally stimulated. In the posterior tibial nerve SSEP, there was also improvement of forming waves when proximally stimulated. Conclusions: In the diabetic polyneuropathy, proximal stimulation of SSEP is more effective than the conventional distal stimulation in evaluating central pathway.

• Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.479-483
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• 2018

Background: We developed a modified proximal scarf osteotomy technique for moderate to severe hallux valgus in an attempt to obtain better correction of the deformity. In addition, we compared the clinical and radiographic results of this modified technique with those of the classic scarf osteotomy reported in other studies. Methods: Between December 2004 and July 2009, 44 cases of modified proximal scarf osteotomy was performed in 35 patients with moderate hallux valgus. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and radiographic results were evaluated. Results: The mean hallux valgus angle and the mean first intermetatarsal angle improved from an average of $32.2^{\circ}$ and $14.3^{\circ}$, respectively, to an average of $12.5^{\circ}$ and $8.6^{\circ}$, respectively. The distal metatarsal articular angle improved from an average of $18.7^{\circ}$ to $12.4^{\circ}$. The preoperative mean AOFAS and VAS scores were 47 points and 7 points, respectively, which improved to 86 points and 1 point, respectively, at the final follow-up. Limited range of motion occurred in two cases postoperatively. The height of the first metatarsal-cuneiform joint, which was an average of 15.9 mm preoperatively, did not change. The first metatarsal-talus angle increased from an average of $4.1^{\circ}$ to $7.1^{\circ}$. Conclusions: The modified proximal scarf osteotomy for the treatment of moderate hallux valgus showed similar results with the classic scarf osteotomy with regard to changes in the first intermetatarsal angle and postoperative satisfaction. Therefore, we suggest the modified proximal scarf osteotomy be considered as well as other proximal osteotomy in the treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2023

Purpose: The reconstruction of defects around the knee and the proximal third of the leg necessitates thin, pliable skin with a stable and sensate soft tissue cover. This study analyzed the use of a proximally based sural artery flap for the coverage of such defects. Methods: This prospective clinical interventional study involved 10 patients who had soft tissue defects over the knee and the proximal third of the leg. These patients underwent reconstruction with a proximally based sural artery flap. The study analyzed various factors including age, sex, etiology, location and presentation of the defect, defect dimensions, flap particulars, postoperative complications, and follow-up. Results: There were 10 cases, all of which involved men aged 20 to 65 years. The most common cause of injury was trauma resulting from road traffic accidents. The majority of defects were found in the proximal third of the leg, particularly on the anterolateral aspect. Defect dimensions varied from 6×3 to 15×13 cm², and extensive defects as large as 16 cm×14 cm could be covered using this flap. The size of the flaps ranged from 7×4 to 16×14 cm², and the pedicle length was 10 to 15 cm. In all cases, donor site closure was achieved with split skin grafting. This flap consistently provided a thin, pliable, stable, and durable soft tissue cover over the defect with no functional deficit and minimal donor site morbidity. Complications, including distal flap necrosis and donor site graft loss, were observed in two cases. Conclusions: The proximally based sural fasciocutaneous flap serves as the primary method for reconstructing medium to large soft tissue defects around the knee and the proximal third of the leg. This technique offers thin, reliable, sensate, and stable soft tissue coverage, and can cover larger defects with minimal complications.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2002

Background : The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the direct and indirect composite restorations which had been placed for 1 year Methods : The composite restorations which had been placed between 1999. Mar and 1999, Dec was evaluated after 1 year For direct restorations. Spectrum (Dentsply, USA) and Z100 (3M, USA) were used in the anterior teeth and Surefil (Dentsply, USA) were used. For class V restorations of anterior and posterior teeth. Spectrum was used. For indirect restorations, Targis/Vectris system (Vivadent/Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) was used 2 examiners evaluated marginal quality, proximal contact. discoloration, presence of 2$^{nd}$ caries, loss of filling and hypersensitivity of restorations. The restorations was clinically evaluated by modified methods based on USPHS. Results : 60 teeth were evaluated. 59 were clinically acceptable and 1 restoration which was placed in class v cavity in the posterior tooth was fallen out. In most cases, the restorations were clinically accept-able. For restorations which had been directly placed in the class II cavities, loose proximal contact was indicated as the main complaints. Conclusions : Most of Anterior and posterior restorations which bad been directly or indirectly placed for 1 year were clinically acceptable. For posterior teeth, loose proximal contact was indicated as the main problem in the directly placed Class II restorations. Long term clinical study is needed.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.41-65
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• 2005

In this paper we make an experiment in order to test whether the teaching method with the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) developed by Vygotsky can be more effective and well applied in the middle school pratces. Based on this investigation, we conclude that ZPD help to efficiently enhance the study of students, in particular, the inferior student group. Moreover, if we divide the student by more precise stoups, the ZPD will be more effective on teaching and learning in middle school. Lastly, we arrive at the conclusion that a continuous teaching with ZPD will improve the student attitude positively in solving mathematical problem even it does not appeared apparently on this test.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2003

Backgrounds: Kennedy disease is a X-linked recessive disease characterized by bulbar symptoms, proximal muscle weakness, and gynecomastia. Methods: We analyzed clinical symptoms and performed electrodiagnostic studies on 6 patients. Results: We found following features: 1) proximal muscle weakness 2) bulbar symptoms, as dysarthria, facial and tongue atrophy 3) hyporeflexia or areflexia 4) fasciculations, predominantly on face, and proximal upper extremities 5) decreased sensory nerve action potentials(SNAPs) 6) chronic neurogenic changes in needle EMG. Conclusions: Kennedy disease is characterized by degenerative process of anterior horn cell and dorsal root ganglion without upper motor neuron dysfunction. Increased triple nucleotide CAG repeats(>38) in androgen receptor gene of Xp21 will confirm early stage of this disease.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2003년도 제120회 추계학술대회 제 5차 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회
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• pp.617-617
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• 2003

I. Objectives This study was done to evaluate whether or not there are any differences in microleakage of the class 5 composite restoration that were filled at the smooth surface and the proximal surface respectively. In addition any differences between small and large-sized restoration were also studied. II. Materials and Methods Total sixty-four class 5 resin restorations, sixteen per group, were made in the permanent teeth. Two-sized cavities, small ($2{\;}{\times}{\;}2{\;}{\times}{\;}1.5{\;}mm$) and large ($4{\;}{\times}{\;}2{\;}{\times}{\;}1.5{\;}mm$), were filled at the smooth surface and the proximal surface each.(omitted)

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.92-96
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• 1999

Neuroma is formed by abnormal, incomplete nerve regeneration after nerve injury. A painful neuroma in the hand can be psychologically and physically disabling. The goal of treating painful neuroma is to relieve pain and to restore nerve function. A numerous treatment modality was reported for alleviating the problem. These treatments include crushing the neuroma, ligating it, burying in soft tissue, bone, and muscle, injecting it with alcohol, phenol, and steroid, capping it with silicone cuff. But, none of these methods has been uniformly successful, although each has its advocates. No one technique reliably prevents formation of a painful neuroma. However, the principles of treatment is resection of neuroma and proximal stump of the nerve is transposed to appropriate adjacent tissue. Our current technique was resection of neuroma with partial normal neural tissue, and then the nerve ending was transposed and sutured to the side of the proximal stump with 10-0 nylon, so end-to-side neurorrhaphy was made. The nerve ending had to be placed and fixed into the proximal nerve epineurium like as a figure of a loop. We believe this technique is another useful method for the treatment of painful neuroma.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patterns of skeletal changes of proximal and distal segments after one jaw surgery and two jaw surgery with posterior impaction using SSRO on mandible in order to determine the skeletal origin of relapse and compare the stability of surgical methods in anterior open bite. The points and lines from lateral cephalometrics were measured before, after surgery, and at least 6-month follow up period. And then, the positional change of the proximal and distal segment were evaluated respectively. The results obtained were as follows; In cases of two jaw surgery, the results were stabler because they had less relapse factors. In cases of one jaw surgery, the value of APD were increased but it didn't relapse to the original value. Both of proximal and distal segments were responsible for the relapse tendency. But in one jaw surgery, the rotation of proximal segment was more responsible, and in two jaw surgery, the rotation of distal segment was.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find the effect of Korean medicine treatments on pain reduction and range of motion recovery in patients with proximal tibia fractures. Methods We studied 15 patients who had been diagnosed as proximal tibia fracture. This study was conducted as retrospective observational study which analyzed patient's medical records with IBM SPSS statistics 25 program. We used numeric rating scale to evaluate pain reduction and range of motion to observe the patient's recovery. Results The average of numeric rating scale reduced statistically significantly from 5.26±1.38 to 2.73±1.17 (p<0.001). The average of knee flexion range of motion increased statistically significantly from 81.11±34.34 to 117.66±19.01 (p<0.01). Conclusions We found that Korean medicine treatments have a positive effect on pain reduction and knee rom improvement in patients with proximal tibia fractures.