• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2019

In Korea, shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes, is cultivated on artificial medium containing oak sawdust and wheat bran. The annual production of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of shiitake, a byproduct of the mushroom industry, is estimated to reach over 50,000 tons per year. This study aimed to improve the use of SMS as a novel bioresource. Hot water extracts of SMS after the first and third harvest were prepared and their bioactivities evaluated. Hot water extracts of uninoculated medium and shiitake were used as controls. Extracts of SMS showed higher radical scavenging of DPPH anions, ABTS cations, nitrites, and a higher reducing power than those of shiitake or medium extracts. After the first and third harvests at 0.5 mg/disc, SMS extracts showed no antibacterial or antifungal activities against the pathogenic and food-spoilage bacteria and fungi. However, they showed good inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase at 0.5 mg/ml. In addition, SMS extracts had strong anti-coagulation activities via their inhibition of thrombin, prothrombin, and blood coagulation factors without platelet aggregation activity. Our results suggested SMS should no longer be perceived as a useless byproduct but should be understood as a novel bioresource, the extracts of which could be developed as antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antithrombosis agents.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.484-489
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• 2013

Piperlonguminine (PL), an important component of Piper longum fruits, is known to exhibit anti-hyperlipidemic, antiplatelet and anti-melanogenic activities. Here, the anticoagulant activities of PL were examined by monitoring activated-partial-thromboplastin-time (aPTT), prothrombin-time (PT), and the activities of thrombin and activated factor X (FXa). The effects of PL on the expressions of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were also tested in tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) activated HUVECs. The results showed that PL prolonged aPTT and PT significantly and inhibited the activities of thrombin and FXa. PL inhibited the generation of thrombin and FXa in HUVECs. In accordance with these anticoagulant activities, PL prolonged in vivo bleeding time and inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$ induced PAI-1 production. Furthermore, PAI-1/t-PA ratio was significantly decreased by PL. Collectively, our results suggest that PL possesses antithrombotic activities and that the current study could provide bases for the development of new anticoagulant agents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.177-177
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• 1998

In the previous report, tetrandrine (TET) and fangchinoline (FAN) showed antithrombotic and antiplatelet aggregation activities. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of tetrandrine and fangchinoline on human platelet aggregation, formation of thromboxane B$_2$ and coagulation of platelet poor plasma. TET and FAN inhibited platelet activating factor (PAF) induced human platelet aggregation, but didn't inhibit the specific binding of PAF to its receptor. Meanwhile, TET and FAN also inhibited PAF, thrombin and arachidonic acid induced thromboxane B$_2$ formation in human washed platelets. In addition, neither TET nor FAN showed any anticoagulation activities in the measurement of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) using human platelet poor plasma. These results suggest that antithrombotic effects of TET and FAN in mice may be mainly related to the antiplatelet aggregation activities, and the antiplatelet aggregation effects may be related to the intracellular messenger system such as TXA$_2$ formation etc., but not to the binding of PAF to PAF-receptor on the platelet membrane directly.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.355-362
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• 2010

In this study, the anticoagulant compounds in Korean red ginseng (KRG) were investigated. KRG powder was extracted using hot methanol, and the methanol extract was fractionated into n-hexane, ethylacetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions by solvent partitioning. The remains from the methanol extraction were further extracted with water and then dialyzed to obtain low and high molecular weight fractions. The anticoagulant activities of the seven fractions were evaluated in terms of thrombin time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Among these fractions, the ethylacetate fraction showed the most potent anticoagulant activity. The active components in the ethylacetate fraction were identified as the phenolic compounds vanillic, caffeic, ferulic, and p-coumaric acid via TLC and HPLC. These findings suggest that the anticoagulant activities of phenolic compounds contribute to the cardiovascular effects of KRG.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2017

Thromboembolic complications are increasing in veterinary medicine. Thromboelastography (TEG) is a more comprehensive method for assessing the clotting process than standard plasma-based coagulation tests. This study compared the ability of TEG and standard coagulation tests to analyze the overall hemostatic state of dogs. The study involved 40 dogs with underlying diseases that predispose to hypercoagulability, including neoplasia, hyperadrenocorticism, immune-mediated diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, and protein-losing nephropathies and enteropathies, and 20 healthy dogs. Their overall hemostatic functional state was evaluated by TEG and routine coagulation assays, including activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, platelet count, and D-dimer concentration. TEG analysis showed significant differences in clot formation time, ${\alpha}$ angle, and maximum amplitude (MA) between diseased and control dogs (P < 0.001 each). Increased MA was the most frequent abnormality on TEG and was indicative of hypercoagulability. TEG was useful in detecting hemostatic dysfunction in dogs with diseases associated with hypercoagulability. Dogs with TEG tracings indicative of hypercoagulability are likely to be in procoagulant states. Future prospective studies are needed to evaluate whether TEG tracings indicative of hypercoagulability are predictive of thrombosis in dogs.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.184-189
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• 1996

General pharmacological studies of LB20304a (a mesylate salt form of a new quinolone antibiotic LB20304 following oral administration of 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg, almost maximum tolerance dose in mice and rat, respectively, were performed in terms of effects on general behaviour, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system, and blood coagulation system in mice and rats. With regards to general behaviour of mice, at oral dose of 300 mg/kg, LB20304a reduced muscle tone and locomotor activity. In terms of CNS, at oral treatment of 300 mg/kg, LB20304a showed some analgesic effects in mice, and oral dose of 1000 mg/kg caused drop in normal body temperature of rat, while it enhanced the pentylenetetrazole-induced clonic convulsion to tonic convulsion and/or death in mice at the doses of unto 300 mg/kg. In addition, LB20304a increased hexobarbital-induced sleeping time two and three times in mice at oral doses of 20 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, respectively. Rota-rod and traction test in mice were not influenced by the dose of 300 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. LB20304a reduced gastric secretion of rat at dose of 1000 mg/kg, and increased intestinal motility of mice at dose of 300 mg/kg. In rats, blood coagulation index, such as PT (prothrombin time) and aPTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) were not affected by the treatment of upto 1000 mg/kg of LB 20304a.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.350-356
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• 1992

Anticoagulant activities were tested for the fifteen kinds of medicinal plants by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Of them five kinds or species (Artemisia princeps, Sanguisorba officinalis, Artemisia apiacea, Eclipa alba, Schizonepeta tenuifolia) were selected and fractionated for the preparation of acidic polysaccharides. They were extracted with water by refluxing and the extracts were precipitated with ethanol. The precipitates were separated based on charge using a DEAE-Sephadex. The low salt and high salt fractions were sulfated with anhydrous pyridine and chlorosulfonic acid complex. In vitro anticoagulant activities of sulfated polysaccharides were tested by measuring aPTT, prothrombin time (PT), and factor Xa clotting time using normal human plasma. No relationship was found between the amount of uronic acids and anticoagulant activities, but the sulfated ones show the increase of activities. In vivo anticoagulant properties of the sulfated polysaccharide from Artemisia apiacea were also tested by the intraveneous administration of three different doses (3,5 and 10 mg/kg) to rats. APTT and PT were increased significantly and the action of factor Xa and thrombin mediated through antithrombin III were inhibited slightly.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.30-38
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• 1998

Background : Hepatocellular carcinomoma is the 3rd most common malignancy and the 2nd most common cause of death in Korea. The prediction of life-expectancy in terminal cancer patients is a major problem for patients, families, and physicians. We would like to investigate the prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma, and therefore contribute to the prediction of the survival time of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods : A total of 91 patients(male 73, female 18) with hepatocellular carcinoma who were admitted to the hospital between January and lune 1995 were entered into the study, and data were collected prospectively on 28 clinical parameters through medical obligation record. We surveyed an obligation and local district office records, and confirmed the surivival of patients till July, 1996. Using Cox-proportional hazard model, give the significant variables related to survival. These determined prognostic factors. Life regressional analysis was used, there were calculated predicted survival day based on combinations of the significant prognostic factors. Results : 1) Out of 91 patients, 73 were male, and 18 were female. The mean age was $56.7{\pm}10.6$ ears. During the study, except for 16 patients who could not follow up, out of 75 patients, the number of deaths was 57(76%) and the number of survivals was 18(24%). 2) Out of the 28 clinical parameters, the prognostic factors related to reduced survival rate were prothrombin time<40%(relative risk:10.8), weight loss(RR:4.4), past history of hypertension (RR:3.2), ascites(RR:2.8), hypocalcemia(RR:2.5)(P<0.001). 3) Out of five factors, the survival day is 1.7 in all of five, $4.2{\sim}10.0$ in four, $10.4{\sim}41.9$ in three, $29.5{\sim}118.1$ in two, $124.0{\sim}296.6$ in one, 724.0 in none. Conclusion : In hepatocellular carcinoma we found that the prognostic factors related to reduce survival rate were prolonged prothrombin time(<40%), weight loss, past history of hypertension, ascites, and hypocalcemia(<8.7mg/dl). The five prognostic factors enabled the prediction of life-expectancy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and may assist in managing patients with hepatocellular carcinomal.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1988

To investigate the effects of T-2 toxin on the blastogenesis of lymphocytes, pathology, hemogram and blood chemistry in the goat, the korean native goats were treated orally with T-2 toxin for 21 days with a dosage of 0.6mg per kg body weight. The results were as follows: 1. The total count of leukocytes and lymphocytes decreased significantly from 14 to 21 days after treatment. 2. Mryeloid: erythroid ratios increased significantly on days 12 after treatment. 3. Delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reactions to tuberculin were reduced predominantly. 4. T-2 toxin induced prolonged prothrombin time. 5. Mitogenic responses of lymphocytes to both lipopolysaccharide and phytohemagglutinin were significantly depressed on days 7 and 14 after treatment. 6. Treatment of T-2 toxin caused marked depletion of lymphocytes in the thymus, mesenteric lymph node, peyer's patchs and spleen.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.305-314
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• 1984

From May 1977 to April 1984, 204 cases of open heart surgery were performed under cardiopulmonary bypass. There were 99 male and 105 female patients ranging in age from 19 months to 58 years. 136 cases [66.7%] were congenital heart disease, and 68 cases [33.3%] were acquired heart disease, which were 66 valvular disease [97.1%], 1 IVC obstruction, and 1 myxoma. There were 136 congenital heart anomaly with 16 operative deaths [11.8%], consisting of 94 acyanotic cases with 7 death [7.4%] and 42 cases of cyanotic cases with 9 deaths [21.4%]. In 66 patients of acquired valvular disease, 52 valves were implanted; 47 mitral valve replacement with 4 death [8.5%] and 5 double valve replacement [MVR+AVR] with 1 death [20%]. Postoperative, warfarin sodium was medicated with checking prothrombin time. Finally, the operative mortality was 11.8% in congenital anomaly, and 11.8% in acquired heart disease, overall mortality rate was 8.5%.