• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.570-576
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• 2003

스트레스에 의해서 생체는 에너지 대사를 증가시키며, 에너지 대사의 증가는 높은 반응성의 ROS를 생성한다. ROS는 높은 반응성으로 인해 지질, 단백질 등을 과산화시켜 원래의 활성을 잃게 한다. 이런 ROS에 대해서 높은 소거능을 지닌 vitamin I의 투여는 스트레스로 인한 생체내 산화적 손상을 억제할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이런 효능을 확인하기 위하여 실험용 흰 쥐에게 4주간의 noise 및 고정화 스트레스를 가한 결과, 스트레스를 가함으로서 체중증가량을 감소시켰으며, 스트레스 지표 물질인 5-HIAA와 혈청내 유리 지방산의 증가 및 뇌조직의 산화적 손상이 증가되어 정상적으로 스트레스가 가해졌음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, vitamin E 투여군의 경우 혈청내에서의 vitamin E 농도가 유의적으로 증가하여 정상적인 vitamin E의 투여도 이루어졌음을 확인하였다. Vitamin E의 투여는 스트레스로 인한 체중 증가량의 감소를 억제하였으며, 또한 뇌조직의 단백질 및 지질의 산화적 손상을 억제하는 효능을 보였으며, SOD의 활성 또한 증가시키는 효능을 나타냈다. 따라서, vitamin E 투여는 스트레스로 인하여 발생하는 뇌조직의 산화적 손상을 억제함으로서 스트레스에 대한 방어 효능이 일부 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.458-465
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• 2008

The nutritional contribution of mideodeok extracts (ME) on rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) feed and fish muscle was investigated. Different concentrations of the ME mixed with commercial diet were fed to mature rockfish for 8 weeks. The lipid and ash contents of the formulated diets were relatively similar to the control diet, while increasing the extract concentration increased the moisture content and decreased the protein contents. Major fatty acid components (C18:1n-9, 16:0, C20:5n-3, C22:6n-3) were of comparable quantity. High presence of C18:2n-6 was attributed to soybean oil incorporated in the diets, while the essential fatty acids were within limits (0.9-1.0%). The diet fortified with 6% ME produced the highest feed efficiency, with increased protein content in the muscle as well as lipid content for both muscle and liver. Hepato- and visceral-somatic index values were elevated with increasing ME concentration Muscle fatty acid contents were mostly C18:1n-9 and C16:0, with low absorption of C18:2n-6 in both the muscle and liver. Total highly unsaturated fatty acid content was significantly reduced in the fish muscle, but the values were higher for fish fed with a ME-fortified diet. An increasing trend for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid was also observed with increased ME fortification, with liver levels of these compounds remaining within range throughout the duration of the experiment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권12호
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• pp.466-470
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• 2016

Early, aggressive nutrition is an important contributing factor of long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. To ensure optimal growth in premature infants, adequate protein intake and optimal protein/energy ratio should be emphasized rather than the overall energy intake. Minimal enteral nutrition should be initiated as soon as possible in the first days of life, and feeding advancement should be individualized according to the clinical course of the infant. During hospitalization, enteral nutrition with preterm formula and fortified human milk represent the best feeding practices for facilitating growth. After discharge, the enteral nutrition strategy should be individualized according to the infant's weight at discharge. Infants with suboptimal weight for their postconceptional age at discharge should receive supplementation with human milk fortifiers or nutrient-enriched feeding, and the enteral nutrition strategy should be reviewed and modified continuously to achieve the target growth parameters.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.257-271
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• 1996

Livestock products like meat, milk and egg have been principal food sources for human beings since the historic periods of time. Nowadays consumption of these food items have been avoided due to its high contents of SFA, cholesterol and total fat which are major culprits of chronic adult diseases causing major deaths of people. However, the relationship between livestock products and diseases is not always true because the amounts of fat and cholesterol and types of fatty acids in meat and meat by-products depend on the part of the meat and types of animals. Although meat intakes do not always cause mai or adult diseases, still the developmental necessity does exist for animal foods equipped with biologically active properties, which in turn can improve nutritional status and health more than ever Meat with high protein lean part and low fat can be produced by applying synthetic somatotropin and beta-adrenergic agonists like clenbuterol, cimaterol etc. during breeding. This application brings benefits like higher growth rate, lower fat contents and improve feed efficiency ratios. Meats fortified with long chain PUFA($\omega$-3 fatty acids) can also be produced by modulating feed composition.Egg Products have faced the reduced sales annually because of its high cholesterol contents. Recently brand eggs fortified with special nutrients or chemical components having functional proper ties in the human body system are very popular Research Interests have been focused on eggs with low cholesterol and high omega-3 fatty acids. Low cholesterol eggs and high omega-3 eggs can be produced in several different ways, but popular way to increase is feeding the feeds with different oil sources containing high omega-3 and 6 fatty acids such as fish oil, perilla oil, linseed oil and lecithin etc. But proper compositon of feed formula should be found and economically beneficial. Brand eggs fortified with vitamin, mineral, unknown growth factors are also manufactured. Low cholesterol and high $\omega$-3 PUFA milk are marketed recently Cholesterol removal technology is not completely established and has several limitations to be overcome. Milk fortified with $\omega$-3 fatty acids is made by incorporating high &13 fatty acid foods in feed despite of extraordinary way of fatty acid metabolism In cow. All these biologically active products will be very beneficial and useful for human consumption when limitations of manufacturing technology such as safety and lowered sensory qualities are resolved. Furthermore, thorough and precise tests and quality control for these products should be performed to ensure the effectiveness and usefulness in terms of improving health and nutritional status in general. However one caution should be pointed out to lay people informing that these items are nothing but a food and not panacea. Therefore, it is important to remember that the only way of maintaining good health is absolutely through consuming balanced diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.718-724
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• 1998

Twelve gilts were used to investigate the effect of lysine to protein ratio (5.2 g lysine/100 g CP vs. 6.7 g lysine/100 g CP) in practical diets on nitrogen retention and the efficiency of utilization in growing pigs. Treatments involved 2 levels of dietary lysine (5.2 or 6.7 g/100 g CP) and 3 levels of dietary crude protein (11, 14 and 17% in diet). Nitrogen retention was greatest when pigs were fed the control diet containing 17% protein. Nitrogen retention progressively increased as dietary protein increased (p < 0.01), but it was not affected by lysine concentration (g/100 g CP). Apparent biological value (ABV, nitrogen retained/apparently digestible nitrogen) was estimated to be ~50% at the maximum nitrogen retention. ABV was not affected by lysine concentration, but declined (p < 0.05) as the dietary protein level increased. The efficiency of intake N used for maximum nitrogen retention was approximately 44%. One gram of lysine supported approximately 9 to 10 g apparent protein accretion (nitrogen retention ${\times}$ 6.25/lysine intake) in pigs fed control diets. The efficiency of lysine utilization for protein accretion was lower in pigs fed high-lysine diets (6.7 g lysine/l00 g CP) so that 1 g of lysine accounted for 7 to 8 g of protein accretion in these pigs (p < 0.01). The lysine required to support maximum nitrogen retention in pigs fed high-lysine diets was higher than that in pigs fed control diets, which suggests that lysine was over-fortified relative to crude protein, since practical diets can not be formulated without excess of some amino acids. In summary the concentration of 5.2 g total lysine/100 g CP in diet is more appropriate for corn-soybean diets than the commonly suggested the content of 6.7 g total lysine/100 g CP.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.267-278
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• 2005

Postmenopausal women or ovariectomized rats are associated with increased cholesterol levels, which are risk factors of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome after menopause might be associated with estradiol deficiency. Harmful effect of estradiol hampers the casual usage of hormone to prevent the metabolic syndrome. Soy protein has been reported to show several beneficial effects on health, however it is unclear which components of soy protein is responsible for anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic effects. Soy isoflavones, gem-stein and daizein, are suggested to have anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic effects but with inconsistency. The present study investigated the effect of supplementation of genistein (experiment I) and soy protein containing isoflavones (experiment II) to high fat diet on body weight gain, food intake, liver and fat tissue weight and the lipid levels in ovariectomized rats. Plasma and hepatic lipid contents and the mRNA levels of genes encoding lipid metabolism related proteins, such as CPT1 and HMGR were measured. Ovariectomy increased body weight, fat tissue weight and plasma and hepatic lipid levels which increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Soy protein could improve plasma and hepatic lipids levels. Soy protein also increased hepatic CPT1 and HMGR mRNA levels. Plasma and hepatic lipids levels could not be decreased by dietary genistein alone. In contrast, lipids levels could be decreased by isoflavone-fortified soy protein, suggesting that the ingestion of soy protein enriched with isoflavone gives more benefit for protecting postmenopausal women from metabolic syndrome.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.269-276
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• 1983

File fish protein concentrate 를 5%, 10%, 15% 및 20%를 밀가루에 첨가한 복합분(複合粉)을 사용하여 반죽의 20%를 밀가루에 제빵적성을 조사 하였다. 그 결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. FPC를 첨가(添加)함에 따라 수분흡수율(水分吸收率)이 증가 하였고 farinograph에서 development time과 stability가 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 2. Extensigraph 측정에서는 FPC를 첨가함에 따라 신장력(伸張力)은 감소(減少)하고 신장저항력(伸張抵抗力)은 증가 하였다. 3. 제빵시 FPC를 첨가(添加)함에 따라 부피가 감소하고 crumb의 조직이 거철어지고 색택이 검어졌다. 4. Headed & gutted FPC 10%에 SSL(sodium stearoyl-2 lactlate) 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.00%, 2.00%를 첨가시험 하였을 때 SSL 0.50%에서 가장 효과적인 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 5. 0.5% SSL 첨가(添加)시 farinograph의 측정(測定)에서는 반죽형성기간이 지연되고 stability가 크게 증가(增加) 하였다. 6. Headed & gutted FPC 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%복합분에 SSL 0.5%를 첨가하였을 때, 10%까지는 그 제품성이 양호하게 개선(改善) 되었으나 그 이상 첨가할 경우에는 개선효과(改善效果)를 보지 못했다. 7. 관능검사(官能檢査) 결과(結果) whole FPC의 경우는 5%까지 headed & gutted FPC 의 경우는 10%까지 첨가 하였을 때 제빵가치가 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.335-341
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• 2019

배양한 셀레늄 강화 스피룰리나를 ICP-MS에서 동위원소희석법을 이용하여 총농도를 정량하였고, HPLC-ICP/MS를 이용하여 낮은 분자량의 셀레늄 화학종들을 각각 분리하고 정량하였다. 셀레노 화합물들은 일차적으로 증류수를 이용하여 추출하였고 이차적으로는 단백질 분해 효소 protease XIV를 이용하여 단백질들을 분해한 뒤에 추출하였다. 배양한 스피룰리나의 셀레늄 총량은 $414.9{\pm}4.0mg\;g^{-1}$으로 나타났고 증류수로 추출하였을때, 분리한 상등액과 가라앉은 residue는 각각 $318.3mg\;g^{-1}$과 $90.9mg\;g^{-1}$으로서 총량의 약 77%와 22%로 분포되어 있었다. 셀레늄 화학종의 분포는 상등액에서는 주로 selenate ($222.7mg\;g^{-1}$)가 존재하였고 단백질 가수분해를 시키고 조사한 결과, 유기셀레늄들 SeMet ($12.13mg\;g^{-1}$)과 SeCys ($15.20mg\;g^{-1}$)이 추가로 나타났다. Residue에서는 무기 셀레늄이 거의 검출되지 않았고 SeCys과 SeMet이 나타났으며 단백질 분해효소를 사용하여 추출한 경우, 더 많은 셀레노 아미노산들, SeCys ($9.35mg\;g^{-1}$)과 SeMet ($18.23mg\;g^{-1}$), 및 MeSeCys ($1.5mg\;g^{-1}$)이 검출되었다. 무기셀레늄은 주로 스피룰리나의 표면에 흡착된 것으로 보이며 증류수 추출로 이들을 충분히 제거할 수 있었고 결과, residue에서는 대부분 유기셀레늄(99% 이상)만 존재하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1291-1300
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) level and exogenous protease supplementation on growth performance, serum metabolites, carcass traits, small intestinal morphology and endogenous protease activity in broiler chickens reared under a tropical climate. Methods: A total of 480 day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to eight dietary treatments in a $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. The main effects were CP level (21.0%, 19.7%, 18.5%, or 17.2% from 1 to 21 days and 19.0%, 17.9%, 16.7%, or 15.6% from 22 to 35 days) and protease enzyme supplementation (0 ppm or 500 ppm). All experimental diets were fortified with synthetic feed-grade lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan to provide the minimum amino acid recommended levels for Cobb 500. Results: Reducing dietary CP linearly reduced (p<0.05) growth performance, serum albumin, total protein, and carcass traits and increased (p<0.05) serum triglycerides and abdominal fat. There was no consistent effect of reducing dietary CP on morphological parameters of the intestine and on the pancreatic and intestinal endogenous protease activity (p>0.05). Protease supplementation improved (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, carcass yield and intestinal absorptive surface area. Conclusion: Protease supplementation, as measured by growth performance, intestinal morphology and carcass yield, may alleviate the detrimental effects of low protein diets in broiler chickens.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.412-420
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate characteristics and functionality of yogurt applied red ginseng extract. Yogurts added with red ginseng extract (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2%) were produced using Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus and stored at refrigerated temperature. During fermentation, pH was decreased whereas titratable aicidity and viable cell counts of L. acidophilus and S. thermophilus were increased. The composition of yogurt samples was measured on day 1, an increase of red ginseng extract content in yogurt resulted in an increase in lactose, protein, total solids, and ash content, whereas fat and moisture content decreased. The pH value and cell counts of L. acidophilus and S. thermophilus were declined, however titratable acidity was increased during storage period. The antioxidant capacity was measured as diverse methods. During refrigerated storage time, the value of antioxidant effect was decreased, however, yogurt fortified with red ginseng extract had higher capacity than plain yogurt. The antioxidant effect was improved in proportion to concentration of red ginseng extract. These data suggests that red ginseng extract could affect to reduce fermentation time of yogurt and enhance antioxidant capacity.