• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2015

강황 분말을 0, 2, 3, 4%를 첨가한 어묵을 제조하여 색도, 절곡검사, 조직감, 관능검사 등의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 색도 변화는 L, a값은 강황 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였고 b값은 증가하였다. 어묵의 유연성과 탄력성을 나타내는 절곡검사에서는 대조군을 포함한 모든 시료에서 AA로 측정되어 강황 분말의 첨가에 관계없이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 강황 분말을 첨가한 어묵의 기계적 texture 특성은 강황 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 경도(hardness), 응집성(cohesiveness), 탄력성(springiness)은 증가하였고, 검성(gimminess)과 파쇄성(brittleness)은 감소하였다. 관능검사 결과로 색깔(color), 향미(flavor), 조직감(texture), 맛(taste), 전체적인 선호도(overall acceptance)는 3%의 첨가군이 가장 높은 평가를 받았다. 따라서 강황 분말을 첨가한 기능성 강황 어묵의 가공 적성에 적절한 강황의 첨가량은 3%가 적당하다고 사료되며 강황을 함유한 고품질 어묵의 제조 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2003년도 제20차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.38-52
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• 2003

Seaweeds are large algae that grow in a saltwater or marine environment. There are over 400 species of seaweeds in the bay of Korea. Most seaweeds are divided into three groups according to their color : the green seaweeds(division Chlorophyta), the brown(Phanphyta) and the red(Rhodophyta), Seaweeds have been harvested for use as food, fertilizer, animal feed and medicines for thousands years. In the past decade, there has been increasing interest in using seaweeds for animal feedstuffs and feed supplements as their health qualities are becoming better known. In this review some perspectives on nutritional values and the role of functionality ingredients of various seaweeds will be also discussed. Ecklonia cava kjellman(EC), a perennial seaweed, is one of the main components of the marine forests along the East and South coasts of Korea. We conducted three experiments to evaluate the nutritional values of EC and the crude lectin extracted residues from EC(LEEC) and to investigate their dietary effects on productivity and immunocompetence in poultry. The crude protein content of EC was relatively low(about 10 ％) and its amino acids were poorly available. But, the results of our study suggested that EC can be used into broiler feed up to 3 ％ without any adverse effect, if its nutritional values are well evaluated prior to use. Similar results of dietary LECC up to 1.0 ％ level on egg production and egg quality have been obtained in layers. The concentrations of serum TNF-${\alpha}$ after Salmonella challenge were rapidly increased in accordance with the level of LEEC. These results indicated that LEEC can be used as a feed additives for enhancing of immunocompetence in poultry.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.261-266
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• 2014

Environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been implicated in cancer development and progression. However, the effects of PAHs on carcinogenesis are still poorly understood. Here, we characterized a mouse cancer cell line BNL 1ME A. 7R.1 (1MEA) derived by transformation of non-tumorigenic liver cell line BNL CL.2 (BNL) using 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), a carcinogenic PAH. RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis were used to determine the expression level of mRNA and proteins, respectively. To determine functionality, cell motility was assessed in vitro using a transwell migration assay. Both mRNA and protein levels of E-cadherin were significantly decreased in 1MEA cells in comparison with BNL cells. While the expression levels of mesenchymal markers and related transcription factors were enhanced in 1MEA cells, which could lead to increase in cell motility. Indeed, we found that 7-day exposure of BNL cells to 3-MC reduced the level of the adhesion molecule and epithelial marker E-cadherin and increased reciprocally the level of the mesenchymal marker vimentin in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results indicate that the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be activated during premalignant transformation induced by 3-MC. A mechanism study to elucidate the relation between 3-MC exposure and EMT is underway in our laboratory.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the modification of expression and functionality of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We used immortalized human brain microvessel endothelial cells (iHBMEC) and primary human brain microvessel endothelial cells (pHBMEC) as in vitro BBB model. To investigate the change of p-gp expression, we carried out real time PCR analysis and Western blotting. To test the change of p-gp activity, we performed rhodamin123 (Rh123) accumulation study in the cells. In results of real time PCR analysis, the P-gp mRNA expression was increased by TNF-${\alpha}$ or IFN-${\gamma}$ treatment for 24 hr in both cell types. However, 48 hr treatment of TNF-${\alpha}$ or IFN-${\gamma}$ did not affect P-gp mRNA expression. In addition, co-treatment of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$ markedly increased the P-gp mRNA expression in both cells. TNF-${\alpha}$ or IFN-${\gamma}$ did not influence P-gp protein expression whatever the concentration of cytokines or duration of treatment in both cells. However, P-gp expression was increased after treatments of both cytokines together in iHBMEC cells only compared with untreated control. Furthermore, in both cell lines, TNF-${\alpha}$ or IFN-${\gamma}$ induced significant decrease of P-gp activity for 24 hr treatment. And, both cytokines combination treatment also decreased significantly P-gp activity. These results suggest that P-gp expression and function at the BBB is modulated by TNF-${\alpha}$ or/and IFN-${\gamma}$. Therefore, the distribution of P-gp depending drugs in the central nervous system can be modulated by neurological inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.409-431
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• 2022

Various insects have emerged as novel feed resources due to their economical, eco-friendly, and nutritive characteristics. Fish, poultry, and pigs are livestock that can feed on insects. The digestibility of insect-containing meals were presented by the species, life stage, nutritional component, and processing methods. Several studies have shown a reduced apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) when insects were supplied as a replacement for commercial meals related to chitin. Although the expression of chitinase mRNA was present in several livestock, indigestible components in insects, such as chitin or fiber, could be a reason for the reduced ADC. However, various components can positively affect livestock health. Although the bio-functional properties of these components have been verified in vitro, they show positive health-promoting effects owing to their functional expression when directly applied to animal diets. Changes in the intestinal microbiota of animals, enhancement of immunity, and enhancement of antibacterial activity were confirmed as positive effects that can be obtained through insect diets. However, there are some issues with the safety of insects as feed. To increase the utility of insects as feed, microbial hazards, chemical hazards, and allergens should be regulated. The European Union, North America, East Asia, Australia, and Nigeria have established regulations regarding insect feed, which could enhance the utility of insects as novel feed resources for the future.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2001

Alginate를 가열에 의해 저분자화하여 저분자화에 따른 소화생리 특성을 검토하기 위해, 랫드에 저분자 alginate인 HAG-10,HAG-50, HAG-100 및 alginate를 장기간 섭취시켰을 때, 체중, 각종 장기의 무게와 길이 및 췌장과 소장의 소화효소활성과 단백질, DNA 및 RNA 함량을 측정하였고 소장응모의 미세구조의 변화를 관찰하였다. 랫드의 체중은 $5\%$와 $10\%$ HAG-50 및 $10\%$ alginate에서 체중의 증가가 유의적으로 현저히 억제되었다. 간장의 무게는 유의적인 차이가 없었고, 위의 무게와 길이는 $10\%$ HAG-10, $1\%$, $5\%$ 및$10\%$ HAG-50, $1\%$와 $5\%$ HAG-100 그리고 $5\%$ alginate에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 췌장의 무게와 길이는 모두 약간 증가하였다. 소장과 맹장의 무게와 길이는 $1\%$와 $5\%$ HAG-10을 제외하고 모두 증가하였으나 대장의 무게와 길이는 전반적으로 감소하였다. 췌장의 amylase 활성은 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았고, lipase 활성은 HAG-50에서 약간 저하하였으며, protease 활성은 $1\%$ HAG-10만 제외하고 유의적으로 저하하였다. 췌장의 단백질 함량은 모두 증가하였으나, DNA와 RNA 함량은 유의 적 인 차이가 없었다. 소장의 단백질 함량은 $5\%$와 $10\%$ HAG-50에서 그리고DNA는 $5\%$ HAG-50에서 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며, RNA는 전반적으로 증가하였다 소장융모의 미세구조는 HAG-50에서 주름이 많고 표면적이 넓은 잎사귀 모양의 응모세포와 돌림주름 및 Boblet cell이 현저히 발달되어 있었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.520-531
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• 2007

In this study, we found that the moisture content of black sesame seeds increased in proportion to steaming time, and it decreased in reverse proportion to the roasting temperature and time. The crude fat and crude ash contents were shown to be in the order of steamed black sesame>raw black sesame and roasted black sesame>raw black sesame, Crude protein decreased in reverse proportion to the steaming time, and more crude protein was found in the raw black sesame samples than in the roasted black sesame samples. The contents of sesamin, sesamolin, and total lignans were shown to be in the order of roasted black sesame>raw black sesame>steamed black sesame. In the steamed black sesame samples, sesamin showed its highest level with 20 minutes of treatment, and sesamolin showed its highest level with 15 minutes of treatment. In the roasted black sesame samples, sesamin, sesamolin, and total lignans showed their highest levels with 15 minutes of treatment at $100^{\circ}C$. The phenolic compound content increased in proportion to steaming time in the steamed samples, and reached a peak after 15 minutes of treatment at $100^{\circ}C$, and then decreased after 20 minutes. SOD-like activity reached a peak after 15 minutes of treatment, and in the roasted sample it reached a peak after 15 minutes of treatment, and then decreased after 20 minutes. SOD-like activity was comparatively lower than tocopherol and higher than sesamol. The intensity of electron donating ability, following 30 minute treatments, was shown to be highest in the steamed black sesame samples after 25 minutes of treatment, and next highest in the roasted black sesame samples after 15 minutes at $100^{\circ}C$. The electron donating ability was comparatively lower than tocopherol and sesamol. With regard to lecithin's antioxidant effects, the steamed samples showed a higher oxidation restriction rate in proportion to time, and the roasted samples showed the highest rate after 15 minutes of treatment, and then decreased after 20 minutes of treatment. for hydroxyl radical scavenging, similar scavenging activity to tocopherol, and comparatively higher scavenging activity than sesamol, was shown in all samples: all samples showed scavenging abilities of 90% or higher. In summary, this study applied three different treatment methods to black sesame to determine the optimum treatment conditions, and also examined the antioxidant effects and functional characteristics. The results showed that roasting can be used for other purposes than producing oil, and also suggested that methods other than roasting can be used in a variety of ways in cooking. Also, the different treatment methods can be applied in cooking in a variety of ways, to enhance functionality and preference.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2013

대립자미는 전통적인 교배육종방법을 통하여 육성한 품종으로 안토시아닌 색소 중에서 C3G 함량이 높고 항산화 능력이 뛰어난 기능성 품종이다. 본 연구의 목적은 천연색소로서 가치를 지니며 생리적으로 우수하다고 규명된 대립자미의 품질 특성을 구명하여 이를 일반인에게 알리고 대중화 하는 데 있다. 최근 각종 성인병과 아토피 등 현대화되는 사회에서 늘어가는 질병을 예방하고자 기능성을 가진 대립자미의 주색소인 C3G의 섭취를 늘리고 식품소재로 활용하기 위한 기초자료를 마련하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 일반성분의 경우 수분함량은 일품벼가 가장 높았고, 흑진주, 대립자미, 슈퍼자미 순이었고, 식미와 관계가 있는 조단백질과 조지방함량은 흑진주벼보다 낮아 대립자미의 취반 특성이 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. 아밀로스 함량은 밥의 부피와 끈기, 노화지연에 관계가 있는데, 대립자미가 낮아 기존의 유색미보다 취반특성이 좋은 것으로 확인되었다. 대립자미의 1,000립중은 28.1 g으로 흑진주벼보다 1.7배, 천연색소 C3G 함량은 3.8배 높은 특징을 가진 품종으로 항산화 생리활성을 가지는 총 폴리페놀 함량과 전자공여능을 측정한 결과 대립자미는 높은 생리기능성을 가진 품종으로 확인되었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2016

본 연구는 식물공장 인공광원이 수경재배 케일의 생육, 수량 및 글루코시놀레이트(GLS) 함량에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 수행하였다. 인공광원으로 LED B:W(1:1, BW), R:B:W(2:1:3, RBW), BW+형광등(1:1+FL, BW+FL) 등 3처리를 하였다. 수확 엽수와 엽중은 BW+FL이 BW와 RBW보다 우수하였다. 엽장은 BW+FL에서, 엽폭은 RBW가 우수하여 다른 처리와 통계적인 유의성을 나타냈다. 엽록소 함량과 'L' 값은 처리간에 유의성이 없었으며, 'a' 값과 'b' 값은 BW+FL에서 가장 낮았다. GLS 함량은 모든 처리에서 glucobrassicin, glucoiberin, gluconasturtiin, sinigrin, progoitrin, glucoraphamin, epiprogoitrin 순으로 많았으며, 총 GLS 함량은 RBW에서 가장 높았다. 잎의 수분 함량, 조단백질, 조지방 함량, 회분 함량은 처리간에 유의성을 나타내지 않았다. 결론적으로 광은 생육과 2차 대사산물의 합성에 차이가 나타내며, 기능성 향상을 위해 후속 연구가 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.729-736
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• 2012

산삼 배양근 기능성 식품 및 화장품 소재로서의 이용 가능성을 조사하기 위해 산삼 배양근 70% 에탄올 추출물의 영양성분 및 항산화 활성(총 페놀 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량, 전자공여능, 아질산염소거능, 환원력) 등을 측정하였다. 식품영양학적 접근에서의 산삼 배양근의 일반성분은 건량 기준으로 당질 61.72%, 조단백질 17.36%, 조지방 0.23% 및 조회분10.90%이었고, 산삼 배양근 100 g의 함유 열량은 323.97 kcal로 분석되었다. 또한, 총 18종의 아미노산으로 구성되었으며, 함량은 16.15 g이었고, 무기질 중 칼륨의 함유량이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 인, 칼슘, 마그네슘 순으로 나타나 알칼리성 재료임을 알 수 있었으며, 지방산 함량의 경우 총 포화 지방산 0.26 g, 불포화지방산 0.62 g으로 구성되어 있었다. 조 사포닌의 함량은 25.87 mg/g으로 분석되었다. 총 페놀 함량은 11.2 mg/g, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 4.2 mg/g으로 나타났으며, 전자공여능은 24.7~31.6%의 범위로 활성을 나타내었다. 아질산염소거능은 모든 pH 조건하에서 pH가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 환원력의 경우에는 $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$에서 0.06의 값으로 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 이상의 결과로부터 산삼 배양근 70% 에탄올 추출물은 항산화능이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.