• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.241-249
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• 2016

The supplementation of livestock feed with animal protein is a present cause for public concern, and plant protein shortages have become increasingly prominent in China. This conflict may be resolved by fully utilizing currently available sources of plant protein. We estimated the rumen degradability and the small intestinal digestibility of the amino acids (AA) in rapeseed meal (RSM), soybean meal (SBM), sunflower seed meal (SFM) and sesame meal (SSM) using the mobile nylon bag method to determine the absorbable AA content of these protein supplements as a guide towards dietary formulations for the dairy industry. Overall, this study aimed to utilize protein supplements effectively to guide dietary formulations to increase milk yield and save plant protein resources. To this end, we studied four cows with a permanent rumen fistula and duodenal T-shape fistula in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square experimental design. The results showed that the total small intestine absorbable amino acids and small intestine absorbable essential amino acids were higher in the SBM (26.34% and 13.11% dry matter [DM], respectively) than in the SFM (13.97% and 6.89% DM, respectively). The small intestine absorbable Lys contents of the SFM, SSM, RSM and SBM were 0.86%, 0.88%, 1.43%, and 2.12% (DM basis), respectively, and the absorbable Met contents of these meals were 0.28%, 1.03%, 0.52%, and 0.47% (DM basis), respectively. Among the examined food sources, the milk protein score of the SBM (0.181) was highest followed by those of the RSM (0.136), SSM (0.108) and SFM (0.106). The absorbable amino acid contents of the protein supplements accurately reflected protein availability, which is an important indicator of the balance of feed formulation. Therefore, a database detailing the absorbable AA should be established.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.411-431
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to assess the frequently consumed dish consumption frequencies of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) patients with osteopenia and develop recipes to improve bone mineral density of CAPD. The subjects were 96 CAPD patients with osteopenia(male 39, female 57) (osteopenia group) and 45 CAPD patients with normal BMD(male 24, female 21), matched with key variables(normal group). Fifty dishes(foods) that most frequently consumed were determined and food consumption frequency for each dish(food) for two groups were compared. Osteopenia group showed lower consumption frequency for ice-cream but higher frequency in apple. Of the 50 most frequently consumed dishes(foods), 20 dishes assessed as safe and recommendable for CAPD patients with osteopenia based on the contents of protein and mineral were selected : white boiled rice, white gruel, beef soup, steamed cabbage, roasted dried laver, fried egg, roasted bean-curd, cooked and seasoned bean sprouts, corn-starch jelly, cheese, ice-cream, orange juice, apple, grape, peach, peanut, raw lettuce, raw cucumber, and injulmi rice cake. wenty eight new dishes with modified recipes were developed for CAPD patients. Protein and mineral contents were analyzed for frequently consumed 17 dishes, assessed as modification of recipes are needed. The recipes were modified to decrease P, Na and K contents and to increase protein and Ca contents. Twenty dishes(foods) selected as having reasonable protein and mineral contents ratio or 28 newly developed dishes modified with protein and mineral contents or ratio would be helpful for nutrition education or counseling for CAPD patients with osteopenia. Dishes(foods) suggested in this study would also be useful for all CAPD patients for preventing osteoporosis.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1985

These studies were conducted to compare the nutritive values and optimum prices of eggs among 6 groups of different egg Weight. With the total of 100 eggs of each weight group, after the weight percentage of egg yolk, albumen and shell in the whole egg were investigated, protein and fat contents of e99 yolk and albumen were analyzed. and then protein and fat contents in the whole eggs were calculated. Finally, the optimum prices of eggs in relation to the egg weight were studied on the basis of egg weight, protein content and protein plus fat contents of eggs, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. As the egg weight (X, g/10 eggs) increased, egg yolk (Y$_1$, %) and shell(Y$_2$, %) percentages tended to decrease, but egg albumen(Y$_3$, %) percentage increased lineally; Y$_1$=44.34-0.02X, Y$_2$=15.358-0.006 X, and Y$_3$=40.136＋0.026 X. 2. There were no significant differences in protein and fat contents of eggs among 6 different groups of egg weight. 3. Protein (Y$_1$, %), fat (Y$_2$, %) and protein plus fat (Y$_3$, %) contents in the whole eggs declined progressively as the egg weight (X, g/10 eggs) increased ; Y$_1$=11.943-0.00032X, Y$_2$=13.996-0.00614X, and Y$_3$=25.939-0.00646X. 4. Similar results were obtained whether the optimum prices of eggs were estimated on the basis of egg weight or protein content of eggs, and they were higher in the large size eggs and lower in the small size eggs than the optimum prices of eggs estimated on the basis of protein plus fat content of eggs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.405-416
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• 2021

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of whole milk powder (WMP) as heterologous proteins on chicken breast emulsion-type sausages. The quality properties of WMP on such chicken breast emulsion-type sausages were investigated by measuring the proximate composition, pH, color, cooking yield, protein solubility, and by applying other methods, such as texture profile analysis (TPA), microphotograph, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and electronic nose. The crude fat, protein, and ash contents of 15% WMP samples were significantly higher than the control samples (p < 0.05). The redness of the cooked samples significantly increased with an increase in the WMP contents (p < 0.05). The cooking yield of WMP treated samples was significantly higher than the control sample (p < 0.05). Additionally, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of WMP treated samples were significantly higher than the control sample (p < 0.05). The sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins of samples containing 15% WMP were significantly higher than the control samples (p < 0.05). The result of SDS-PAGE showed that the C protein, sarcoplasmic protein, actin, and tropomyosin increased with an increase in the WMP contents. The principal component analysis plot of WMP-treated samples was clearly different from that of the control samples. Based on these results, it was predicted that WMP could be useful as heterologous protein on emulsion-type sausage.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.215-219
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• 2006

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for non-saponin contents that can be used to index fresh ginseng roots (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) cultivated in the Republic of Korea and China. Non-saponin components in fresh gingeng roots which were cultivated in various areas and ages in Korea were determined. Acidic polysaccharide, total polysaccharide, crude polyacetylene were quantitatively analyzed by using the method of spectrophotometric determination, while the total protein was analyzed by using Lowry method. The results show that there were no statistically significant differences for the average contents of four non-saponins among 4-years-old, 5-years-old, and 6-years-old fresh ginseng roots. Additionally, this study assessed the average contents of non-saponin components in 4-years-old fresh ginseng roots (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) which were cultivated in Korea and China. The result showed that the average contents of crude polyacetylene and acidic polysaccharide were statistically significant. Four-years-old fresh ginseng roots cultivated in Korea had the higher average contents of crude polyacetylene and acidic polysaccharide than those cultivated in China. However the average contents of total polysaccharide and total protein had no statistically significant difference.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1974

Biochemical studies such as growth rate, blood cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents in various organs of albino male rats were studied in the Garlic, Vitamin E, high and low protein diet fed groups. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1) Either single 10% or 30% protein diet fed rats were not shown growth rate properly. In supplementation of Vitamin E or Garlic on 30% protein growth rate was a more increased than that of the 10% protein diet group. 2) The rate of food consumption of rats fed a 10% or 30% protein diet supplemented with Vitamin E and Garlic was more increased than that of the control Group receving 10% or 30% protein diet alone. 3) No essential difference was observed between the cholesterol level in blood of rats fed 10% protein diet supplemented with Vitamin E and Garlic and that of rats Receiving 10% protein diet alone. But the cholesterol level in blood of rats fed 30% protein diet supplemented with Vitamin E and Garlic was lower than that of control receiving 30% protein diet alone. 4) The Vitamin C contents in various organs of rats fed the diet supplemented with Vitamin E and Garlic seems to be a little higher than that of the control group fed the protein diet alone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2000

In order to investigate the appropriate processing season and the production of high value-added products in ark shell(Scapharca subcrenata) cultured at the south coast of Korea, the foot muscle, mantle, and adductor muscle were analyzed for moisture, protein, fat, ash, and glycogen using specimens collected bimonthly from December 1994 to December 1995. The contents of moisture in foot muscle and mantle increased in spring season, however their proteins decreased in same season. Glycogen and fat in foot muscle, mantle, and adductor muscle were most abundant in June, just before the spawning season, but all the cmponsnts dwindled during spawning season. The other hand, the contents of ash in tissues were almost the same level through the year. Thus, the contents of moisture, protein, fat, and glycogen were almost the same level through the year. Thus, the contents of moisture, protein, aft, and glycogen were fluctuated by season. Especially, they showed a marked seasonal variation at before and after sparning season. So, a major cause of seasonal variation in S. subcrenata would be connected with a period of reproduction and spawning season.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 1972

Protein and carbohydrate contents in polished barley were investigated for two leading varieties in Korea. The contents of crude protein $(total\;nitrogen{\times}5.83)$ were 8.60% for mean. 15.39% for maximum and 6.06% for minimum, and only one third of 22 varieties showed values above mean. the contents of crude protein was significantly correlated with dye binding capacity $(r=0.82^{**})$but insignificantly carbohydrate content. Kyong No.1 (15.39%), Kwan-Chui-Gi (12.42) and Yong-Weul-Yuk-Kak (11.95) can be classified as high protein varieties having appear to be unpopular to farmers. About 50% of barley field was occupied by varieties having protein content above mean, and Kyongnam-Daimaik no.89 (6.76%) a low protein variety, occupied about 8% of barley field, during last decade with little change.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 1968

The variations of both thiamine and riboflavin value in the organs, viz. liver, small intestine, spleen and kidney of the rats were measured for observing some metabolic changes in the animals during fasting and feeding different quality of diets without V-E supplement. The animal used for the experiment was adult female ablino rat from a pure strain, weighing 225-280g. The animals were divided into 6 groups; the control group, the high carbohydrate diet group, the high carbohydrate diet with V-E group, the high protein diet group, the high protein diet with V-E group, and fasting group. The result obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The thiamine contents in the liver were once increased during early stage of starvation compared with the control group, thereafter they were decreased on the 8 days fasting while the contents in the small intestine and spleen were decreased during 1 to 8 days fasting. 2. The riboflavin contents in the liver and kidney were increased during starvation and the content in the small intestine was no marked change compared with control group. 3. The thiamine contents in the liver and small intestine during feeding the high carbohydrate with V-E supplement diet group were lower than that of the diet without V-E group and the content in the spleen was increased by feeding V-E enriched high carbohydrate diet. 4. The thiamine contents in the liver, small intestine and spleen during feeding the V-E supplemented diets were lower than that of the non-supplemented one's. 5. The riboflavin contents in the liver, small intestine, and kidney were increased during feeding the high carbohydrate diet compared to the control group, and they were decreased during feeding the V-E enriched high carbohydrate diet. 6. The riboflavin contents in each organ were increased during feeding the high protein diet compared to the control group, and they were much increased during 20 to 30 days of feeding the V-E supplemented high protein diet. 7. Therefore, as the above results showed, the variation of thiamine value in the each organs were not markedly changed during feeding different quality of the diets. The thiamine and riboflavin contents in the each organ in the V-E enriched high carbohydrate diet group were lower than without V-E supplemented one's The riboflavin contents in each organ were increased during feeding the high protein diet compared with the control group and the centents were increased during 20 to 30 days of the feeding V-E enriched high protein diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.359-366
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• 2001

Studies were carried out to explore the influence of dietary protein level on bone metabolism in uninephrectomized rat (experimental renal failure model) when dietary Ca and P contents were equal. Male rats were uninephrectomized or sham operated and fed 8%, 15% and 40% casein diets for 24 weeks. Ca and P contents of the all diet were 0.4% and 0.6% respectively. The results are summarized as follows. We did not found any significant difference in PTH and Ca level of the serum, Ca intake and Ca excretion among the experimental groups. There was significant positive correlation between the PTH and phosphate level. There was significant inverse correlation between serum Ca and creatinine level. The effect of the dietary protein level and renal mass loss on density and Ca contents of the bone were small and different according to the kinds of the bone. Low protein diet was associated with a significant enhancement of scapular density. Femur and vertebra density, however, were not influenced by dietary protein level and uninephrectomy. Light microscopic examination showed several calcified foci in the kidney in all experimental groups. Low protein diets have been used for a long time in the conservative management of chronic renal failure as they have a beneficial effect in preventing the appearance of symptoms. This study elucidated that part of beneficial effects of the low protein diet related to the suppression of the hyperphosphatemia. And these results, even though uninephrectomized rats fed high protein diet, the secondary hyperparathyroidism is supressed by the regulation of the P level. Therefore this study emphasized the need to pay more attention to the regulation of dietary P level as well as dietary protein content in chronic renal failure. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4): 359∼366, 2001)