• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2023

Background: Dental evaluation and protection are important for preventing traumatic dental injuries when patients are under general anesthesia. The objective of the present study was to develop a questionnaire based on dentition-related risk factors that could serve as a valuable tool for dental evaluation and documentation. Methods: We developed a questionnaire for dental evaluation before administration of general anesthesia, investigated the association between patient-and-dentist responses and mouthguard fabrication, and assessed response agreement between 100 patients. Results: Protective mouthguards were fabricated for 27 patients who were identified as having a high risk of dental injury. There was a strong association between dentists' responses and mouthguard fabrication, depending on the general oral health status, use of ceramic prosthesis, presence of masticatory pain related to periodontal diseases, gingival edema, and implants (P < 0.05). Response agreement between patients and dentists for items related to dental pain, loss of dental pulp vitality, root canal therapy, dental trauma, aesthetic prosthesis, tooth mobility, and implant prosthesis was high (Cohen's kappa coefficient κ ≥ 0.6). Conclusions: A high agreement was observed between patient-dentist responses and a strong association with mouthguard fabrication for items pertaining to ceramic prosthesis, masticatory pain, and dental implants. Patients with a "yes" response to these items are recommended to undergo a dental evaluation and use a dental protective device while under general anesthesia.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.370-376
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• 2021

Backround: Working condition surveys are widely recognized as useful tools for monitoring the quality of working life and the improvements introduced by health and safety policy frameworks at the European and national level. The Italian Workers' Compensation Authority carried out a national survey (Insula) to investigate the employer's perceptions related to working conditions and their impact on health. Methods: The present study is based on the data collected from the Italian survey on health and safety at work (INSULA) conducted on a representative sample of the Italian workforce (n = 8,000). This focuses on the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and self-reported health using a set of logistic and linear regression models. Results: Working conditions such as managerial support, job satisfaction, and role act as protective factors on mental and physical health. On the contrary, workers' risk perceptions related to personal exposure to occupational safety and health risks, concern about health conditions, and work-related stress risk exposure determine a poorer state of health. Conclusions: This study highlights the link between working conditions and self-report health, and this aims to provide a contribution in the field of health at work. Findings show that working conditions must be object of specific preventive measures to improve the workers' health and well-being.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency and characteristics of occupational blood and body fluid exposure for operating room personnel during surgical procedures and identify risk factors. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used to survey 519 operating room personnel who participated in 132 surgeries in an acute care hospital in Seoul between April 12 and 20, 2006. Results: The response rate was 82% (530/646) and analyzed total 519 except for improper 11 questionnaires. Exposure rate was 45.5% (60/132) during operations and 20.4% (106/519) for operating room personnel. By job categories, the exposure rate was as follows; anesthesiologists and nurses 31.2% (44/141), operators and assistants 22.1% (32/145), circulating nurses 12.0% (11/92), scrub nurses 11.4% (14/123). The mucous membrane-eye exposure with a high risk of transmitting infection was 6.6% (7/106) and the most frequent route of exposure was blood and body fluid touching unprotected skin. In multivariate analysis, the risk factors of exposure were services, duration of operation, a patient who had a peripheral arterial catheter line, and job category. Conclusion: Educational programs and appropriate use of personal protective equipment are necessary to prevent operating room personnel from being exposed to blood and body fluid.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.225-239
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• 2010

A high prevalence of farmer's work-related musculo-skeletal disorders (MSDs) have been reported in precedent studies. Risk factors - physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic risk factor etc. - in farm-work were identified by previous studies. To prevent farmers from exposing to them and reduce, Agricultural Safety Technology were introduced and used on farm. The purpose of this study is to review and summarize the agricultural safety technology on farm in Korea. According to strategy principles, this technology is classified as four criteria - workload reduction by reducing awkward posture, workload reduction by using manual material handling aids, Comfort improvement by protecting worker from hot, cold environment and work efficiency improvement by workplace redesign and cultivation modification. This technology includes transporting tools, working cloth, personal protective equipment, and pesticide-proof Clothing. Anthropometric study of Korean farmers was also carried out to support the development of equipment and clothes. In long terms, it needs to precaution activity from risk factors by using cultivation modification and working improvement. Although working condition gets better and workload reduce by this technology, it required customized safety technology in each crops - rice cultivation, horticulture and livestock farming. And farmers should use the assistive technology and participate voluntarily in ergonomic intervention program.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2004

Objectives : This study sought to examine relationships between alcohol drinking and cardiovascular disease mortality and all-cause mortality. Methods : From March 1985 through December 1999, 2,696 males and 3,595 females aged 55 or over as of 1985 were followed up for their mortality until 31 December 1999. We calculated the mortality risk ratios by level of alcohol consumption. Among the drinker, the level of alcohol consumption was calculated by the frequency of alcohol comsumption and the type of alcohol. Cox proportional hazard model was used to adjust for confounding factors. Results : Among males, compared to abstainer, heavy drinker had significantly higher mortality in all cause(Risk ratio=1.35), cardiovascular disease(Risk ratio=1.52) and cerebrovascular disease(Risk ratio =1.66). Although not significant, moderate drinker had lower ischemic heart disease mortality(Risk ratio =0.38). Among females, there was no statistically significant association between alcohol comsumption and mortality. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that alcohol drinking has harmful effect on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and cerebrovascular disease mortality among males, especially in heavy drinker among males. Minimal evidence on protective effect for cardiovascular disease mortality in low or moderate drinker is observed.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.42-51
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of abuse experience and coping styles on suicidal ideation in Korean elders. Methods: Data were collected from the 2011 Korean National Survey on the Elderly. The participants were 10,537 elders aged 65 or older who had replied to the question on suicidal ideation. Socio-demographic and health related factors, abuse experience, and coping style were included as the influence factors of suicidal ideation. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test and logistic stepwise regression with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The prevalence of abuse experience among the elders was 12.7% and that of suicidal ideation was 11.2%. Elders with abuse experience (OR=2.79, 95% CI=2.39~3.26) were more likely to have suicidal ideation but those with an active coping style (OR=0.69, 95% CI=0.57~0.84) were less likely to have suicidal ideation even with other influence factors controlled. Conclusion: Abuse experience of the elderly was a major risk factor that increased suicidal ideation, and active coping style was a protective factor that reduced suicidal ideation. These findings show that careful attention to elderly abuse and education for active coping style are necessary to reduce suicidal ideation among the elderly.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2001

Essential hypertension is considered to be a multifactorial disease that is influenced not only by environmental factors but also by genetic factors. Genes involved in lipoprotein synthesis, modification and metabolism are candidates for essential hypertension. The purpose of this study was to estimate gene frequencies of paraoxonase/arylesterase (PON1) gene in Korean population and investigate the relationship between genotypes of this gene and essential hypertension or cardiovascular risk factors. In order to estimate the genotype frequencies, Alw I RFLP of PON1 gene was used as genetic marker. There were no significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies between normotensives and essential hypertensives, respectively. However, Alw I RELP of PON1 gene were significantly associated with plasma HDL-cholesterol level in Korean population (one-way ANOVA test, p=0.008). Therefore, our result suggest that this RFLP of PON1 gene may be protective marker on cardiovascular disease in Korean population.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.106-113
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between unhealthy eating behavior and depression in adolescents, with confounding variables adjusted. Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of the data collected from the 2013 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). The analysis included 72,435 participants (36,655 male and 35,780 female). The data were analyzed by $x^2$ test, t-test, and logistic regression analysis using SPSS Version 21 by complex samples analysis. Results: Compared with male adolescents with healthy eating behavior, those who with unhealthy eating behavior were more likely to suffer depression with other factors controlled (OR=1.37, 1.07~1.75). On the other hand, female adolescents with unhealthy eating behavior were less likely to feel depressed compared with female adolescents with unhealthy eating behavior and with other factors controlled (OR=0.98, 0.64~1.50). However, it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that healthy eating behavior may be a protective factor against depression in male adolescents, but not in female adolescents. Furthermore, our results suggest that the longitudinal associations between mental health and healthy eating behavior and other lifestyle factors are complex.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2017

Occupational hazards of firefighting and rescue works include frequent exposure to emergencies and life-threatening situations. These stressful work conditions of being constantly under pressure and exposed to potentially traumatic events put them at higher risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), compared to the general population. PTSD is a potentially debilitating mental disorder, due to persistent intrusive thoughts, negative alterations of mood and cognition, hypervigilance, avoidance of similar situations and reminders, and re-experiences of the traumatic event. Previous studies have shown a relatively high prevalence of PTSD among firefighters, indicating the need for a systematic approach of early detection and prevention. Therefore, a critical review of the current literature on PTSD in firefighters would provide valuable insights into developing effective prevention and intervention programs. Literature indicated that there are risk factors of PTSD in firefighters, such as pre-existing depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, occupational stress, physical symptoms, and binge drinking, whereas social support and adequate rewards are protective factors. Although there are differences in the prevalence of PTSD across studies, partly due to various assessment tools utilized, different sample sizes, and sample characteristics, over one tenth of the firefighters were estimated to have PTSD. The current review warrants further investigations to precisely assess PTSD and co-morbid mental disorders, functional outcomes, and associated factors, and to develop evidence-based preventive and interventional programs to help firefighters with PTSD.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2020

애착불안이 우울을 완전하게 설명할 수 없다는 Hazan과 Shaver의 주장을 근거로 애착불안과 우울과의 관계를 매개하는 요인을 탐색하는 국내외연구들이 활발히 진행되어 왔지만 자기몰입의 매개효과를 살펴본 연구는 거의 없었다. 그러므로 본 연구는 대학생들의 성인 애착불안과 우울의 관계에서 자기몰입의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대학교 재학생 283명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 본 연구에서는 연구 변인들 사이의 관계를 검증하기 위하여 구조방정식을 사용하였고 애착불안과 우울의 관계에서 자기몰입의 매개효과를 검증한 결과, 자기몰입은 부분매개효과를 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 연구결과는 애착불안이 지각단계에까지 영향을 미치며 자기몰입이라는 비-적응적인 지각과정을 통해 우울이 심화될 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 본 연구결과는 과도기에 해당하는 대학생의 정신건강과 밀접한 관련이 있는 위험요인과 인지적인 매개요인에 대한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 의의가 있다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 대학생을 대상으로 하여 애착불안과 우울의 관계에서의 여러 가지 위험요인과 보호요인과의 상관관계와 매개효과를 살펴보는 후속연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.