• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2007

This study is to analyze the residential spatial composition structures of vernacular agricultural village which to be called Wanggok in Yeongdong area. The results of this study are as follows; ${\cdot}$ The backyard of farmhouses is surrounded by a fence and a frontyard is open to the road, so that the spatial realm system from the road to the backyard is classified as public-semi public-private realm. ${\cdot}$ The plan type of this village is mainly composed of ㅡ type Gyeobjib (the two row rooms under one roof) and ㄱ type Gyeobjib, the Anmaru (the inner wood floor to be surrounded with wall) in both of which plays an important role that connects Sarangbang (the men's main room) with Anbang (the women's main room) in the residential space. ${\cdot}$ The particular item that not found out in another area is the Sarangbang kitchen which located to Sarangbang's side wall to be furnished with a fire hole. ${\cdot}$ The houses represent the socio-cultural environmental elements of those built days, such as while Sarangbang is faced on a frontyard to be open to the neighborhood, Anbang is faced on a backyard surrounded with a fence to be closed to the one. ${\cdot}$ The Gyeobjib with Anmaru appeared by cultural transformation connecting the 田-shaped house of Hamgyeongdo with the Gyeobjib with Anmaru of Gangwondo and Gyeongsangbukdo. ${\cdot}$ The ㄱ type Gyeobjib is preferred to ㅡ type Gyeobjib because of the sea wind and the north-east wind occurring by geographical and climatic environment elements, the privacy protection according to look into a frontyard, the muck drainage of cowshed to make use of ground unevenness, the economic gains called material saving and the intention to enlarge the frontyard as to be concentrated in a residential space and etc.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 2003년도 IFSCC Conference Proceeding Book II
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• pp.294-302
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• 2003

Unstable cosmetic active ingredients could be degraded rapidly by chemical and photochemical process. Particularly, some of active ingredients like retinol are known to cause skin irritation when applied on the skin excessively. Therefore, it has become a very important issue to encapsulate cosmetic actives for the stabilization and skin protection. This study was performed in order to prepare a chitosan microcapsule containing liposoluble cosmetic actives and to investigate the stabilization effect of actives when chitosan microcapsule was applied in cosmetic formulation. Chitosan, deacetylated form of chitin, has been of interest in the industrial applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, antimicrobial activity and also used as a wall material of capsule. Retinol was used as a core material and was stabilized by a wall of chitosan and antioxidants. The chitosan microcapsule containing retinol(CMR) was prepared by using coacervation method and W$_1$/O/W$_2$ emulsification techniques. The CMR has 0.5~10.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ size distribution and a long-term stability of more than an year inside the cosmetic formulation(O/W). Remaining retinol percentages at 45$^{\circ}C$ after 8 weeks in the CMR dispersion were 15.6%(pH 4.0), 59.8%(pH 6.0) and 65.0%(pH 6.0 with antioxidant) respectively. Retinol stability when added CMR inside a ONV emulsion was better than that of ONV emulsion added non-capsulated retinol. As a result, remaining retinol at 45$^{\circ}C$ after 8 weeks in O/W emulsion added non-capsulated retinol and O/W emulsion containing CMR was 12.7%, 70.5% respectively. It appeared that chitosan treated microcapsule may be used for a potential encapsulation method of unstable active ingredients.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.231-245
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• 2024

In recent decades, the protection and vulnerability of civil structures under explosion loads became a critical issue in terms of security, which may cause loss of lives and structural damage. Concrete retaining walls also restrict soils and slopes from displacements; meanwhile, intensive temporary loading may cause massive damage. In the current study, the modified Johnson-Holmquist (also known as J-H2) material model is implemented for concrete materials to model damages into the ABAQUS through user-subroutines to predict the blasting-induced concrete damages and volume strains. For this purpose, a 3D finite-element model of the concrete retaining wall was conducted in coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian simulation. Subsequently, a blast load equal to 500 kg of TNT was considered in three different positions due to UFC 3-340-02. Influences of the critical parameters in smooth blastings, such as distance from a free face, position, and effective blasting time, on concrete damage rate and destroy patterns, are explored. According to the simulation results, the concrete penetration pattern at the same distance is significantly influenced by the density of the progress environment. The result reveals that the progress of waves and the intensity of damages in free-air blasting is entirely different from those that progress in a dense surrounding atmosphere such as soil. Half-damaged elements in air blasts are more than those of embedded explosions, but dense environments such as soil impose much more pressure in a limited zone and cause more destruction in retaining walls.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.10-14
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• 1976

공동(空洞)크기가 LiF 열형광선량계(熱螢光線量計)의 감응(感應)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 포리에틸렌 매질내(媒質內)에 삽입(揷入)한 구형(球型) 열형광선량계공동(熱螢光線量計空洞)의 가상계(假想系)에서 이론적(理論的)로 연구(硏究)하였다. 크기가 다른 반경(半徑)을 가진 구형공동(球型空洞)의 감응(感應)은 최근(最近)의 공동이론(空洞理論)을 適用(적용)하여 입사광자(入射光子) 에너지의 함수(函數)로서 계산(計算)하였다. 그반경(半徑)은 1.578mm에서 6.528mm까지 취하였고 입사광자(入射光子)에너지는 0.02MeV에서 0.3Mev까지의 범위를 택하였다. 결과(結果)로서 매질내(媒質內)에 삽입(揷入)한 공동(空洞)으로서의 LiF 열형광선량계(熱螢光線量計)의 감응(感應)은 입사광자(入射光子)의 에너지는 물론 선량계(線量計) 자체(自體)크기의 함수(函數)라는 것을 발견(發見)하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 1993

알파비적밀도의 이론계산방법을 개발하기 위하여 정전기방법을 이용한 분광계를 특별히 설계 제작하였다. 이 정전기분광계를 사용하여 라돈의 첫째딸핵종인 Po-218의 이온에 대해 $0.07{\sim}5.0cm^2/V\;sec$ 범위의 이동도스펙트럼을 측정하였다. 이 측정은 실리카겔, 활성탄, 분자구조의 시브필터를 통과한 탈입자가스를 사용하는 라돈쳄버내에서 수행되었다. 제작된 정전기분광계를 사용하여 쳄버내에서 새로 생성된 Po-218이온의 이동도는 $1.92cm^2/V\;s$인 것으로 측정되었다. 알파비적밀도의 이론적계산방법에 의해 얻어진 결과를 측정에 의해 얻어진 결과와 비교하였으며 측정된 스펙트럼에 관계된 불확실도를 분석하였다. 이론계산방법에 의해 얻어진 알파비적밀도와 측정된 값과의 차이에 대한 이유는 이론계산방법에서 이온의 라돈 쳄버에서의 벽제거효과를 고려하지 않았기 때문인 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1073-1079
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• 2005

To investigate plant protection, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and plant defense enzymes related to cell wall lignification were studied in pepper plants inoculated with antagonistic Bacillus subtilis HJ927 and pathogenic strain Phytophthora capsici. Phytophthora blight disease was reduced by $53\%$ in pepper roots when preinoculated with B. subtilis HJ927 against P. capsici. The activities of PR proteins (chitinase and ${\beta}$-1,3,-glucanase) and defense-related enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) decreased in roots of B. subtilis+P capsid-treated plants, but increased in leaves with time. The decrease and increase were much greater in P. capsici-treated plants than in B. subtilis HJ927+P capsici-treated plants, although P. capsici-treated plants had more severe damage. Therefore, changes of enzyme activities do not seem to be directly related to plant protection. We suggest that the change of these enzymes in pathogen-treated plants may be related to plant response rather than to resistance against pathogen attacks.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권11B호
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• pp.1357-1362
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• 2011

아날로그 텔레비전에서 디지털 텔레비전으로 전환할 때 TVWSs (TV White Spaces)가 발생된다. TVWSs에는 일부 무선 통신 시스템이 사용가능하며, 예를 들면 면허가 필요하지 않는 WiFi (Wireless Fidelity)가 있다. 또한, TVWSs는 VHF와 UHF의 사이에 주파수로써, 현재 WiFi가 사용하고 있는 2.4 GHz 및 5 GHz주파수와 비교할 때 TVWSs는 WiFi보다 더 큰 적용범위를 제공하고 건물에 대한 더 높은 침투력을 갖고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 WiFi가 TVWSs 주파수 구간에서 사용 가능하다고 가정한 후, DTV에 대한 WiFi의 간섭영향을 분석하였다. SEAMCAT (Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte-Carlo Analysis Tool)을 이용하여 DTV 수신기가 받는 간섭 확률을 분석하였다. 분석결과 20개의 WiFi 사용자가 동시에 최대 전송전력으로 작동하였고 22 MHz 가드 밴드가 요구되었으며, WiFi 사용자와 DTV 수신기간의 보호거리가 6km이상일 때 DTV 수신기의 5%이하 간섭확률 성능을 만족할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2000

일반적으로 국내에서는 아트륨과 사무실 공간 사이를 내화구조로 하거나 방화셔터를 설치하고 있다. 그러나 선진외국에서는 이미 아트륨과 사무실 공간 사이에 유리벽을 설치할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 단, 유리벽면을 따라 방호용 스프링클러를 설치한다는 조건에서 이다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제점에 대하여 다음과 같이 진행하였다. 각 시나리오에 대하여 화재 시뮬레이션 프로그램인 FASTLite와 BREAK1을 사용하여 화재 전파 및 위험성을 분석하였다. 결과적으로 아트륨과 사무실간에는 아트륨의 규모가 크고 상부가 충분한 연기와 열기의 조정이 가능하고, 창문을 사이에 두고 일정간격으로 스프링클러 헤드를 설치하여 충분히 화재로부터 유리를 보호할 수 있는 경우 방화구획으로 인정 해주어야 할 것이다. 또한 충분한 연기와 열의 제어가 가능한 것이 공학적인 화재분석방법을 통해 인정받은 경우에는 아트륨과 주변 사무실간의 완전개방도 검토되어야 할 것이다.

• 지질공학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.577-587
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• 2007

본 연구지역은 절취사면 연장이 약 450m에 달하며 사면 절취결과 암질의 측방변화가 현저한 지반조건을 나타냈다. 사면 안정대책의 수립을 위해 절취사면에서 구성암석, 지질구조, 불연속면의 방향성 등 지질공학적인 조사를 수행하였다. 절취사면의 방향성, 사면높이, 지반조건 등을 고려하여 6개의 Zone으로 구분하고, 안정성 분석은 불연속면의 방향성과 사면의 절취방향간의 기하학적 상관관계에 의한 안정성 분석이 가능한 DIPS 프로그램을 이용한 평사투영법으로 실시하였다. 사면안정성 분석결과를 바탕으로 시공성, 안정성, 경제성을 고려하여 비교적 큰 암괴의 이완시 도로 하단부에 미치는 영향을 최소화 할 수 있는 고강도 낙석 방지망(higth tensile steel wire net) 설치, 사면 보호공, 옹벽의 증고 등 다양한 공법으로 사면안정 대책을 수립, 시행하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.655-663
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• 2020

Background: Korean Red Ginseng is known to exhibit immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory properties. The immune-enhancing effects of the nonsaponin fraction (NSF) of Korean Red Ginseng have been studied in many reports. However, the gastroprotective effect of this fraction is not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate the activities of NSF for gastrointestinal protection and its related critical factor. Methods: The in vitro and in vivo regulatory functions of NSF on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) messenger RNA and protein levels were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting analyses. Gastroprotective effects of NSF were investigated by histological score, gastric juice pH, and myeloperoxidase activity on indomethacin-induced, cold stress-induced, and acetylsalicylic acid-induced gastritis and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in in vivo mouse models. Results: NSF did not show cytotoxicity, and it increased COX-1 messenger RNA expression and protein levels in RAW264.7 cells. This upregulation was also observed in colitis and gastritis in vivo models. In addition, NSF treatment in mice ameliorated the symptoms of gastrointestinal inflammation, including histological score, colon length, gastric juice pH, gastric wall thickness, and myeloperoxidase activity. Conclusion: These results suggest that NSF has gastroprotective effects on gastritis and colitis in in vivo mouse models through COX-1 upregulation.