• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.4 no.6
• /
• pp.85-96
• /
• 1996

Most protection systems such as seat belts and airbags are not effective means for side structure. There has been significant effort in the automobile industries in seeking other protective methods, such as stiffer structure and padding on the door inner panel. Therefore, a car-to-car side impact model has been developed using ATB occupant simulation program and validated for test data of the vehicle. Compared to the existing side impact models, the developed model has a more detailed vehicle side structure representation for the more realistic impact response of the door. This model include impact bar which effectively increases the side structure stiffness without reduction of space between the occupant and the door and padding for absorbing impact energy. The established model is applied to a 4-door vehicle. The parameter study indicated that a stiffer impact bar would reduce both the acceleration-based criteria, such as thoracic trauma index: TTI(d), and deformation-based criteria, such as viscous criterion(VC). Padding on the door inner panel would reduce TTI(d) while VC gives the opposite indication in a specified thickness range. For a 4-door vehicle, the stiffness enhancement of B-pillar is more beneficial than that of A-pillar for occupant injury severity indices.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.432-439
• /
• 2016

To make a model of a Impact/Blast resistant composite material and perform the analysis, material properties of the composite material are required. In order to obtain such a property value, it is necessary to input the result obtained by performing a lot of material tests by the calculation formula of the situation, and there is a lot of difficulty in the case of a special purpose material which is not a general material. In this study, modeling and structural analysis of composite fiber panels for protection and explosion - proofing were performed in ACP(ANSYS Composite PrePost) and AUTODYN by applying the application properties of composites provided in Ansys Workbench environment.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.373-380
• /
• 2016

In order to develop composite fiber panels that can maximize the protection and blast resistance of the existing structures by improving lightweight, high-strength and fireproof performances of the single layer material of precast panels, the basic properties of the inner and outer covers that are mixed with aramid fibers (AF) and polyester fibers (PF) were evaluated in this study. Also, a basic study was performed on the performance of composite fiber panels by testing Nano-sized composite materials that are lightweight and excellent in fire resistance for their compressive strength, bending strength and tensile strength.

• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.129-159
• /
• 2018

The foremost aim of the paper is to evaluate the flexibility and stability of the Korean labor market through a cross-country comparison with OECD countries. Evaluating by the OECD Employment Protection Legislation Index, the flexibility of permanent job layoff in Korea is close to the average of OECD countries. Employment of temporary workers appears to be relatively flexible allowing for effective indicators such as the proportion of temporary workers among paid employees. As regards security, the levels of job security, income security and combination security are all far below the OECD average. A panel data analysis of OECD countries reveals that labor productivity increases as regulations on permanent job layoff become looser and regulations on temporary employment become more rigorous.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2002.08a
• /
• pp.628-631
• /
• 2002

$Al_2O_3$ capping layer and MgO protective layer were deposited by electron beam evaporation method using single crystal source. Thickness of the capping layer, $Al_2O_3$, was varied from 5 nm to 10 nm. Surface morphology was observed by SEM and AFM before and after hydration. And microstructure of deposited $Al_2O_3$ layer and chemical shift of electron binding energy were also observed by high resolution TEM and XPS, respectively, after hydration. From these results, it was found that Mg atoms diffused into $Al_2O_3$ layer, reacted with moisture and formed $Mg(OH)_2$ during hydration. As thickness of $Al_2O_3$ increased, extent of hydration increased. $Al_2O_3$ capped MgO thin films and uncapped MgO thin films were deposited on AC-PDP test panel to characterize discharge properties. Although $Al_2O_3$ has poor discharge properties rather than MgO, because of many hydrated species on the surface of MgO, similar discharge properties were observed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.1227-1232
• /
• 2014

Background: Given that there are many Iranian women who have never had a Pap smear, this study was designed to develop and validate a measurement tool based on the Protection Motivation Theory to assess factors influencing the Iranian women's intention to perform first Pap testing. Materials and Methods: In this psychometric research, to determine the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), a panel of experts (n=10) reviewed scale items. Reliability was estimated through the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (n=30) and internal consistency (n=240). Also, factor analysis (exploratory and conformity) was performed on the data of the sample women who had never had a Pap smear test (n=240). Results: A 26-item questionnaire was developed. The CVI and CVR scores of the scale were 0.89 and 0.90, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis loaded a 26-item with seven factors questionnaire (perceived vulnerability and severity, fear, response costs, response efficacy, self-efficacy, and protection motivation (or intention)) that jointly accounted for 72.76% of the observed variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for the data. Internal consistency (range 0.70-0.93) and test-retest reliability (range 0.72-0.96) of sub-scales were acceptable. Conclusions: This study showed that the designed instrument was a valid and reliable tool for measuring the factors influencing the women's intention to perform their first Pap testing.

• 한국사회정책
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.125-161
• /
• 2018

This article aims to investigate the impact of Korean employment protection legislation that has implemented since 2007 on eliminating discrimination on non-regular worker's wage and social security. It is used the panel Tobit model reflecting the variation of implementation time according to the size of establishments. Although the employment protection laws for non-regular workers have implemented, the wage gap and discrimination in social security for non-regular workers have continued. Of course, the discrepancies on wage and social security were founded not only between regular and non-regular workers but also within non-regular workers. For reducing the discriminations, this study proposes to restrict the reason for justifying discrimination, and the introduction of a new approach to accessing the discrimination and complimentary credit system. Besides, this study suggests to actively review the strengthening of regulations on the use of non-regular workers.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.68 no.3
• /
• pp.51-71
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to clarify macro causes influencing on the diversity of single-mother households poverty among OECD Countries including Korea. This study carried out pooled time series cross-section analysis applying unbalanced panel design on the period from 1981 to 2012. There is marked diversity on single-mother households poverty. GDP per capita does not contributes to reduce poverty, and female employment rate and % population 0-14 exacerbate poverty. Several factors contribute on poverty reduction including social spending, child cash spending, union density, employment protection on regular workers, proportional representation system, cumulative left cabinet, cumulative women seat. In Korea, it needs to overcome the limit of anti-poverty strategy mainly based on economic growth and labor market flexibility. And it needs to enlarge universal welfare institutions, child benefits, work-family reconciliation policy, and to design adjusted labor market institutions including union density and employment protection, to introduce consensus political model including proportional representation system to enhance left power and women's representation.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.92-98
• /
• 2012

In this sturdy, large experimental (ISO 13785-2) was performed to analyze the building materials used in fire retardant materials for aluminum composite panel and in general properties. As a results, maximum temperature in the case of the general materials was measured in 210 seconds $1,021^{\circ}C$, the retardant materials was measured in 1,200 seconds early $1,190^{\circ}C$. The retardant material of aluminum composite panel, Fire behavior if the ignition is slow and the general materials in aluminum composite panel, fire ignition and combustion at the same time was growing rapidly. The general materials and flame-retardant material of aluminum composite panel was an obvious difference to the combustion ignition but after ignition combustion mode showed a similar pattern of the rapidly vertical spread of flame. The results of this study, in order to reduce the risk of aluminum composite panels for fire and the retardant materials used for ignition the slow should be actively encouraging. Also after the ignition, there is an urgent need to put out a fire in exterior materials for extinguishing facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 2009

The Recently, large area matrix-addressed image detectors are investigated for X-ray imaging with medical diagnostic and other applications. In this paper, a new flat panel gas detector for diagnostic X-ray imaging is proposed, and its characteristics are investigated. The research of flat panel gas detector is not exist at all. Because of difficulty to inject gas against to atmospheric pressure. So almost gas detector made by chamber shape. We made flat panel sample by display technique. (ex: PDP, Fed, etc.) The experimental measurements, the transparent electrodes, dielectric layer, and the MgO protection layer were formed in front glass. And, the X-ray phosphor layer and address electrodes are formed in the rare glass. The dark current, the x-ray sensitivity and linearity as a function of electric field were measured to investigate the electrical properties. From the results, the stabilized dark current density and the significant x-ray sensitivity were obtained. And the good linearity as a function of exposure dose was showed in wide diagnostic energy range. These results means that the passive matrix-addressed flat panel gas detector can be used for digital x-ray imaging.