• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 식품 중의 엽산을 추출하기 위한 trienzyme 방법을 개선하기 위하여 ${\alpha}$-amylase와 folate conjugase 를 동시에 처리하는 방법 (CI)과 기존의 방법대로 protease, ${\alpha}$-amylase, folate conjugase 세가지 효소를 각각 처리하는 방법 (SI)을 비교해 보았으며, 개선된 방법을 이용하여 패스트푸드와 가공식품에 들어있는 엽산 함량을 분석하였다. 1) 12종 88개 식품에 대하여 엽산을 추출하기 위한 기존의 방법 (SI)과 두가지 효소를 동시에 처리하는 CI 방법으로 엽산 함량을 비교한 결과 식품의 종류에 따라 두 방법간에 -6.5%에서 34.0%까지의 차이를 보였다. 식품의 종류별로 paired t-test를 한 결과 9종에서는 유의적 차이를 볼 수 없었으며, 3종에서는 CI 방법이 SI 방법에 비해 유의적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 효소 처리시간이 단축됨으로 인해 엽산의 손실이 적었기 때문인 것으로 보이며, 따라서 실험시간을 절약할 수 있는 CI 방법을 활용하는 것이 바람직하겠다. 2) CI 방법으로 식품 중의 엽산을 추출하고 미생물학적 방법으로 엽산 함량을 분석한 결과 햄버거의 100 g당 평균 엽산 함량은 29.0 ${\mu}g$, 치즈버거 35.6 ${\mu}g$, 불고기버거 34.4 ${\mu}g$, 새우버거 33.5 ${\mu}g$, 치킨버거 29.3 ${\mu}g$, 휘시버거 31.7 ${\mu}g$이었다. 비스킷의 엽산 함량은 28.1 ${\mu}g$, 감자튀김은 49.1 ${\mu}g$이었고, 피자 29.7 ${\mu}g$, 샌드위치 31.6 ${\mu}g$, 삼각김밥 24.3 ${\mu}g$으로 나타났으며, 이 값을 1회 분량으로 환산하면 버거종류는 43.1${\sim}$62.0 ${\mu}g$, 감자튀김 53.3 ${\mu}g$, 피자 28.4 ${\mu}g$, 샌드위치 47.4 ${\mu}g$, 삼각김밥 25.7 ${\mu}g$이었다. 3) 가공식품 26종의 엽산함량을 측정한 결과 100 g 당 엽산 함량이 가장 높은 식품은 캔옥수수로 89.5 ${\mu}g$이었고 다음으로는 냉동만두가 80.8 ${\mu}g$이었다. 그 외의 가공식품으로 소시지는 19.6 ${\mu}g$, 비엔나소시지 11.7 ${\mu}g$, 햄 11.5 ${\mu}g$, 튀긴어묵 10.7 ${\mu}g$ 등으로 측정되어 가공식품의 엽산 함량은 대체로 낮은 수준이었으며, 음료의 엽산 함량은 100 g당 1.0${\sim}$5.2 ${\mu}g$으로 매우 낮았다. 4) 본 연구에서 분석한 패스트푸드와 가공식품, 소스, 음료 등 32종의 엽산 함량을 기존의 식품영양가표와 비교하였을 때 식품영양가표의 엽산값은 분석값과 비슷한 경우도 있었으나 0.04${\sim}$140배 까지 차이가 매우 큰 경우도 있었다. 본 연구에서 분석한 식품 중의 엽산 함량은 우리나라 사람들의 엽산 섭취량을 파악하고자 할 때 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것이며, 어린이, 청소년, 젊은 성인층에서 섭취량이 점차 증가하고 있는 패스트푸드와 새롭게 개발되는 가공식품의 엽산 함량을 앞으로도 지속적으로 분석하여 이를 데이터베이스에 반영할 필요가 있다고 여겨진다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.532-538
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• 1994

Chymotrypsin, trypsin, pancreatin, 그리고 Aspergillus oryzae 유래 단백질분해효소의 in vitro 처리에 의하여 유청단백질(WPI)의 가수분해물(WPH)중 ${\beta}-LG$유래의 항원성변화를 조사하기 위하여 토끼 항${\beta}-LG$항혈청을 이용한 competitive inhibition ELISA(cELISA)와 heterologous PCA를 실시하였다. cELISA에 의하여 WPH의 monovalent항원성을 분석한 결과, 전체적으로 ${\beta}-LG$유래의 monovalent항원성은 효소처리에 의하여 $10^{-1.7}{\sim}10^{-4.1}$배 또는 그 이하로 저하되었으며, 특히 pepsin전처리후 Asp. oryzae유래의 효소로 가수분해한 경우(OUP)의 항원성은 거의 상실되었다. Guinea pig를 이용한 PCA test에 의하여 ${\beta}-LG$유래의 polyvalent항원성을 분석한 결과, WPH의 항원성은 $1/2{\sim}1/128$ 또는 그 이하로 저하되었다. 특히, WPH중에서 열변성이나 pepsin의 전처리없이 Asp. oryzae유래의 효소로 가수분해한 경우(OUN), 가수분해도(DH)가 그다지 높지 않고 monovalent항원성도 여전히 잔존하였음에도 불구하고($10^{-3.2}$배로 저하) 알레르기의 발증과 밀접한 관련이 있는 polyvalent항원성은 거의 상실되었다. 이는 OUN의 분해효율이 아주 높지는 않으나 ${\beta}-LG$상의 항원결정기가 효과적으로 파괴되어, polyvalent항원성이 제거되었기 때문으로 추측된다. 이 결과는, Asp. oryzae유래의 효소를 WPI에 처리하면 우유 알레르기의 주요 원인물질인 ${\beta}-LG$의 polyvalent항원성이 제거됨으로써 저알레르기성 infant formula용 WPH가 제조될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.443-452
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• 2000

Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the synergistic effect on cytotoxicity of combination with adriamycin and Palginhonhapwhajucwhan, a traditional prescription for cancer treatment in oriental medicine, in Chang, HL-60, Hep-3B and Alexander cells. Methods : We observed cell viability in Chang, HL-60, Hep-3B, and Alexander cells by crystal violet staining. Those cells were treated with various concentrations of adriamycin alone, Palginhonhapwhajucwhan alone and combination of two medications for 10 hr. On condition of $0.5{\mu}l/ml$ adriamycin alone, $15.6{\mu}l/ml$ Paljintanghapwhajucwhan alone and combination of two medications, at first, we observed colony forming of Chang and HL-60 cells. Second, we observed DNA fragmentation by agarose electrophoresis in Chang, HL-60, Hep-38 and Alexander cells. Third, we measured the catalytic activation of caspase-1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 9 protease in Chang cells and caspase-3 protease in Chang, HL-60, Hep-3B and Alexander cells by using fluorogenic substrate. Finally, we isolated mRNA of Fas in Chang, HL-60, Hep-38 and Alexander cells and observed that Fas gene was amplified by RT-PCR Results : 1. The combination of adriamycin and Palginhonhapwhajucwhan synergistically augmented the cytotoxicity of Chang and HL-60 cells whereas did not in Hep-38 and Alexander cells. 2. Cotreatment of two drugs also markedly inhibited the colony forming ability both in Chang and HL-60 cells. 3. The cytotoxicity of these medicatons was revealed as apoptosis characterized by high molecular wight DNA fragmentaton. 4. The apoptotic cytotoxicity was mediated by activation of caspase-3 protease in Chang cells. 5. Synergistic increase in apoptotic cytotoxicity by combination of two medications was dependent on the expression of Fas in cancer cells. Conclusions : Combination of adriamycin and Palginhonhapwhajucwhan significantly augmented apoptotic cytotoxicity of Fas-positive cells such as Chang and HL-60 cells via acticaton of apoptosis signaling pathway.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권3호
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• pp.512-518
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• 2015

소나무재선충(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)에 의해서 발생하는 소나무재선충병은 우리나라 소나무림에 피해를 주고 있다. 본 연구는 친환경 소나무재선충 방제제 개발을 위하여 살선충 활성이 뛰어난 미생물을 선발하고자 실험을 수행하였다. 소나무재선충에 대하여 살선충 효과를 나타내는 미생물을 선발하기 위해 5종 미생물의 배양액 처리를 통해 살선충 활성이 뛰어난 Bacillus licheniformis MH48을 선발하였다. B. licheniformis MH48의 살선충 효과를 검증하기 위해 세포 생육과 단백질 분해 효소 활성도를 분석하였는데, 세포 생육은 배양 3일째 가장 높았고 단백질 분해 효소 활성은 7일째에 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 또한, B. licheniformis MH48의 배양액 농도에 따른 소나무재선충의 살선충 활성을 조사한 결과, 키틴-젤라틴(CG) 배지와 키틴-선충(CN) 배지 모두 20% 배양액 처리시 치사율이 80% 이상으로 나타났다. 특히, B. licheniformis MH48 배양액 처리 후 시간이 지남에 따라 소나무재선충의 표피가 분해되는 것을 관찰하였다. 이러한 결과로 B. licheniformis MH48은 소나무재선충을 생물학적으로 방제할 수 있는 방제제로서 가능성과 가치가 있다고 사료된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2013

This study was conducted to understand the quality characteristics of salt fermented anchovies with heat treatment by measuring their chemical compositions. The heat-treated and non-heat treated salt fermented anchovies contained, respectively, 63.21 and 66.51% of moisture, 2.24 and 2.12% of total nitrogen (TN), and 1,537 and 1,520 mg/100 g of amino nitrogen (AN). In addition, heat-treated and non-heat-treated salt fermented anchovies contained 127 and 134 mg/100 g of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), respectively. Moreover, measured the microbial level of heat-treated and non-heat-treated salt fermented anchovies was $2.58{\times}10^4$ and $3.61{\times}10^2$ CFU/mL, respectively. Also, the heat-treated and non-heat-treated salt fermented anchovies 3.65 and 0.30 units of protease activities, respectively. The total free amino acid contents in heat-treated and non-heat-treated salt fermented anchovies was 4,964 and 6,638 mg/100 g, respectively. The major free amino acid were glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, alanine, valine, isoleucine. Our results provide the characteristics of salt fermented anchovies and encourage their application for the food industry and cooking.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2014

The ORI2 (3-[3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]acrylic acid 1-[3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-2-methoxycarbonylethyl ester) was purified from the extract of Isodon excisus. We confirmed the antiviral effect of ORI2 in a coxsackievirus-induced pancreatitis model. Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) is a common cause of pancreatitis and may be reason of the type-1 diabetes. Anti-enteroviral compounds were screened by HeLa cell survival assay. Purified natural compounds were added to HeLa cells cultured 96-well plates after $10^4PFU/ml$ CVB4 pre-incubation for 30 min. ORI2 significantly improved HeLa cell survival in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ORI2 (1 mM) treatment was dramatically decreased virus protease 2A induced eIF4G-I cleavage and viral VP1 capsid protein production. HeLa cell virus titers and viral RNA replication were significantly decreased in ORI2-treatment in a dose dependent manner (1 mM~0.001 mM). These results demonstrate that ORI2 has a strong antiviral effect. It was significantly decreased virus replication. ORI2 may be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for CVB4.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.488-495
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• 2000

Strain SA72 was isolated from Jeot-gal and identified as producer of a bacteriocin, which showed some bactericidal activity against Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 4797. Strain SA72 was tentatively identified as Lactococcus lactis according to the AOI test. Lactococcus lactis SA72 showed a broad spectrum of microorganisms, tested by the modified deferred method. The activity of lacticion SA72, named tentatively as a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis SA72, was detected during the mid-lon growth phase, reached a maximum during the early stationary phase, and then declined after the late stationary phase. Lacticin SA72 also showed a relatively broad spectrum of activity against non-pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms when assessed by the spot-on-lawn method. Its anitimicrobial activity on sensitive indicator cells disappeared completely by protease XIV treatment. The inhibitory activity of lacticin SA72 remained after treatment for 15 min at $121^{\circ}C$, 문 was stable in a pH range of 2.0 to 9.0 and all organic solvents examined. It demonstrated a typical bactericidal mode of inhibition against Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 4797. The apparent molecular mass of lacticin SA72 was in the region of 3-3.5 kDa, determined by SDS-PAGE.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2000

미생물로부터 U937 세포주의 etoposide에 유발된 apoptosis 저해물질을 탐색한 결과 곰팡이 F80834 균주를 선발하였다. 균주 배양액으로부터 저해물질을 분리한 후 UV, EIMS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT 등의 기기분석을 실시한 결과 terrein으로 동정되었다. 이 물질은 $IC_{50}$ $20\mu\textrm{g}/ml$의 농도로 U937 세포주의 etoposide에 의한 caspase 3 유도를 저해하였다. Etoposide에 의한 세포의 사멸도 IC50 $10\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ 농도로 저해하였으며, 동일한 농도 조건에서 단독 처리시 세포 독성을 나타내지 않았다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2002

A bacteriocin-producing strain identified as Pediococcus acidilactici was isolated from kimchi. The bacteriocin was identified to belong to the pediocin family and exhibited bactericidal activity against most Gram-positive bacteria as well as some Gram-negative bacteria. The bacteriocin was stable up to $80^{\circ}C with wide pH ranges (5.0-10.0). The bactericidal activity remained unchanged after treatment with nonproteolytic enzymes such as nuclease and ${\alpha}$-amylase, however, it was destroyed after treatment with protease. The bacteriocin was effectively extracted by the pH-mediated adsorption-desorption method and purified effectively by semi-preparative RP-HPLC. The molecular weight of the bacteriocin was 4,622, as determined by electrospray mass spectrometry. The amino acid sequence consisted of 44 amino acid residues with four cysteines. The high solubility and pH stability of the isolated pediocin provide definite advantages over nisin and other bacteriocins in regards to its potential applications.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2002

The role of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent is expanding rapidly in otolaryngology. Botulinum toxin is a protease that blocks the release of acetylcholine from nerve terminals. Its effects are transient and nondestructive, and largely limited to the area in which it is administered These effects are also graded according to the dose, allowing for individualized treatment of patients and disorders. Botulinum toxin has been used primarily to treat disorders of excessive or inappropriate muscle contraction. In the field of otolaryngology, these include spasmodic dysphonia, oromandibular dystonia, and blepharospasm, vocal tics and stuttering, cricopharyngeal achalasia, various tremors and tics, hemifacial spasm, temporomandibular joint disorders and a number of cosmetic applications. Botulinum toxin treatment has recently begun to show some benefit in the control of pain from migraine and tension headache. It may also prove useful in the control of autonomic dysfunction, as in Frey syndrome, sialorrhea, and rhinorrhea. In over 20 yews of use in humans, botulinum toxin has accumulated a considerable safety record, and in many cases represents relief for thousands of patients unaided by other therapy.