• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.116-131
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to observe the changes of women's postpartum symptoms, the quality of life and depression scale over the first six weeks after childbirth. Methods: Twenty seven mothers who received Korean medical treatment in the outpatient department treatment (from September 27th, 2017 to January 5th, 2018) were evaluated for Verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS), edema index, EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS), and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results: There were 17 high risk participants (63.0%) and 10 normal participants (37.0%). The VNRS of edema is the highest in the first week, and the VNRS of joint pain is the highest from the second week to the sixth week in all patients. The Extra Cellular Water/Total Body Water (ECW/TBW) of high risk group significantly decreased from $0.403{\pm}0.011$ to $0.387{\pm}0.006$(p<0.05) in the first 2 weeks. The ECW/TBW of normal group significantly decreased from $0.393{\pm}0.070$ to $0.383{\pm}0.011$ (p<0.05) in the first 2 weeks. The EQ-VAS of high risk group increased from $64.12{\pm}13.941$ to $69.35{\pm}18.155$ (p<0.05) in the first 2 weeks. But this difference was not significant statistically (p=0.234). The EQ-VAS of normal group significantly increased from $62.50{\pm}21.763$ to $74.00{\pm}9.661$ (p<0.05) in the first 2 weeks. The difference of EPDS was not statistically significant between the first week and the sixth week in every participants. Conclusions: VNRS was the highest in edema in the first week, joint pain was the highest from the second week to six week. The edema index of high risk groups was higher than that of the normal group in the first week (p<0.05). The EQ-VAS of normal group significantly increased (p<0.05) in the first 2 weeks but high risk group didn't. In the EPDS, the ratio of nine or more points of high risk group was more than twice than normal group in the first 2 weeks.

• Proceedings of the Korea Port Economic Association Conference
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

As national economies globalize, demand for intercontinental container shipping services is growing rapidly, providing a potential economic boon for the countries and communities that provide port services. On the promise of profits, many governments are investing heavily in port infrastructure, leading to a possible glut in port capacity, driving down prices for port services and eliminating profits as ports compete for business. Further, existing ports are making strategic investments to protect their market share, increasing the chance new ports will be overcapitalized and unprofitable. Governments and port researchers need a tool for understanding how local competition in their region will affect demand for port services at their location, and thus better assess the profitability of a prospective port. We propose to develop such a tool by extending our existing simulation model of global container traffic to incorporate demand-side shipper preferences and supply-side strategic responses by incumbent ports to changes in the global port network, including building new ports, scaling up existing ports, and unexpected port closures. We will estimate shipper preferences over routes, port attributes and port services based on US and international shipping data, and redesign the simulation model to maximize the shipper's revealed preference functions rather than simply minimize costs. As demand shifts, competing ports will adjust their pricing (short term) and infrastructure (long term) to remain competitive or defend market share, a reaction we will capture with a game theoretic model of local monopoly that will predict changes in port characteristics. The model's hypotheses will be tested in a controlled laboratory experiment tailored to local port competition in Asia, which will also serve to demonstrate the subtle game theoretic concepts of imperfect competition to a policy and industry audience. We will apply the simulation model to analyze changes in global container traffic in three scenarios: addition of a new large port in the US, extended closure of an existing large port in the US, and cooperative and competitive port infrastructure development among Korean partner countries in Asia.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2005

Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapy in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) and elevated pre-conceptional peripheral blood CD56+Natural Killer (NK) cell percentage. Study Design: Retrospective case control study. Materials and Methods: Thirty three women with RSA and elevated pre-conceptional peripheral blood CD56+NK cell percentage who had received low-dose IVIg therapy (400 mg/kg per day, every 4 week, until 20 gestational weeks) were included in this study. Controls were nine women with RSA and elevated pre-conceptional peripheral blood CD56+ Natural Killer (NK) cell percentage who had not received IVIg therapy were included in this study. Medical records of study and control groups were retrospectively analyzed and we compared the successful pregnancy outcomes between two groups. Successful pregnancy outcome was defined as pregnancy ongoing beyond 25 gestational weeks. Results: Age, number of previous abortions, pre-conceptional CD56+NK cell percentage and type of RSA were not statistically different between two groups. Otherwise, twenty-five women who received IVIg therapy (25/33, 75.8%) but, only three women who had not received (3/9, 33.3%) had a successful pregnancy outcome and the rate difference between two groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on our study, low-dose IVIg therapy have a effective role in treatment of RSA patients with elevated pre-conceptional peripheral blood CD56+ Natural Killer (NK) cell percentage, but more larger scaled prospective study is needed for available of conclusive evidence.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was aimed to find out the characteristics of ordinary symptoms between the control and patient groups, diagnosed as overweight or obesity, in Soyang, Taeeum, and Soeum Constitutions and among those 3 groups. Methods: As a prospective cross-sectional study based on medical records, 9213 patients, who visited Kyung Hee University Medical Center from May in 2007 to June in 2010, were included. To diagnose the constitution, Revised Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II and examinations by oriental medical doctors who majored in Sasang Constitution Medicine were performed. Based on the World Health Organization criteria for Asian obesity assessment, body mass index (BMI) was classified into 3 groups; more than 25 as obesity, 23 to 25 as overweight, and less than 23 as normal. Ordinary symptoms questionnaire, which consists of 46 questions in 8 categories, were given to the subjects. One-way ANOVA test in continuous variables and chi-square test in categorical variables were carried out to analyze statistical significance. Results and Conclusions: 1) In general characteristics, we could find out the significant differences in age, sex, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, and hemoglobin A1c among the 3 Constitutional groups. 2) Soyang Constitution of overweight and obesity has tendency to have higher appetite, like cool or cold water, defecate more, swear more, dislike heat, and have warmer or hotter extremities in the ordinary symptoms, compared with the control group. 3) Taeeum Constitution of overweight and obesity has tendency to have higher appetite, like cool or cold water, defecate more, swear more, dislike heat, and have warmer or hotter extremities in the ordinary symptoms, compared with the control group. 4) Soeum Constitution of overweight and obesity has tendency to have higher appetite and less fatigue in the ordinary symptoms, compared with the control group. 5) Soeum Constitution showed the slightest increase in appetite, preference about room temperature water, less number of feces, and feeling of chill and warmer extremities in ordinary symptoms, compared with Soyang and Taeeum Constitutions. Taeeum Constitution showed the distinct increase in appetite and sweating in ordinary symptoms, compared with Soyang and Soeum Constitutions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.88-96
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• 2010

Purpose: Doxylamine is antihistamine drug that is used as a hypnotic. It is also used for suicidal attempts because it can be easily purchased at the pharmacy without a prescription. There were many articles about the complications after doxylamine intoxication such as a rhabdomyolysis, but only a few articles have reported on seizure. We reviewed the cases of doxylamine intoxication with seizure that were treated in the emergency department. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of the patients who were over 15 years old and who were intoxicated by doxylamine at 3 emergency medical centers from January 2006 to June 2010. We reviewed the patients' age, gender, the dose of doxylamine ingested, if gastrointestinal decontamination was done, the time from intoxication to hospital arrival, the seizure history, treatment of seizure, the electroencephalography (EEG) results, the brain computed tomography (CT) results and the blood test results. Results: There were 168 patients who were intoxicated by doxylamine during the study period. Twelve patients had a seizure episode. The differences between the patients who developed seizure and the patients who did not were the dose and the serum levels of sodium and creatinine. The only clinically meaningful difference was the amount of doxylamine. The amount of doxylamine ingested (>29 mg/kg) predicted the development of seizure with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 92% on the ROC curve. One patient among the seizure patients expired in the emergency department. Conclusion: In case of doxylamine intoxicated patients, there is close relationship between seizure and ingested amount, so close observation needs to be done for the patients who ingest too much because doxylamine can cause death. Further prospective studies are needed for doxylamine intoxicated patients with a seizure episode.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2016

Objectives : Anemia is a common problem in the management of elderly patients. Recent studies reported that anemia was associated with cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. This study was aimed to analyze the differences of hemoglobin levels in Korean patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD) dementia, mild cognitive impairment(MCI), and healthy controls. Furthermore, the study also examined if any association between hemoglobin levels and cognitive functions existed. Methods : A total of 116 Korean elderly adults were participated in this study(mean age 74.67 years ; 60.3% female). The Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE-K), Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR) and Global Deterioration Scale(GDS) were applied to all subjects. Hematological and related blood chemistry values were investigated. Results : We found that patients with AD dementia had significantly lower hemoglobin and hematocrit levels than MCI subjects and healthy control group. The hemoglobin levels showed a positive correlation with MMSE-K and negative correlation with CDR, GDS. Conclusions : Among Korean elderly, low hemoglobin level is associated with a cognitive impairment. This study indicates that AD is associated with anemia, and low hemoglobin levels may contribute to potentially useful clinical markers of AD. The risk factor for dementia needs to be confirmed by prospective longitudinal studies in a larger group of patients.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.110-126
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the current status of toxicology laboratory operated by six locations nationwide and to investigate the satisfaction of emergency medical professionals who working at local and regional emergency medical centers. Methods: This survey was conducted prospective. It was conducted on 665 emergency medical professionals working at regional and regional emergency medical centers across the South Korea. Among them, the analysis was conducted with data that 510 emergency medical professionals who respond to this survey. The questionnaire was conducted on an online basis for a month. To ensure statistical significance, consider a dropout rate of 10% based on a minimum response recovery rate of 70%. 506 people were selected for the survey. Results: According to a survey on the status of addiction analysis room usage, the average monthly usage of addiction test rooms among respondents were 406 cases.71.0 cases (17.4%) of toxicology laboratory in Seoul and 71 cases (17.4%) in Gwangju. 32 cases (7.8%), 118 cases (29.0%) requested by toxicology laboratory in Busan, and the toxicology laboratory in Daegu. Eighty two cases (20.1%), Daejeon area 25 cases (6.1%), Wonju area toxicology laboratory was 78 (19.6%). According to a survey on the satisfaction of the addiction analysis room,Seoul (4.9±2.71) and Gwangju (4.8±2.52) showed high satisfaction. Conclusion: Due to the limited operation time of the four addiction analysis rooms currently in operation, the satisfaction level of addiction analysis by emergency medical professionals in the area is low due to the delay until the result is notified.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.71-84
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• 2021

As part of the recent economic revitalization measures, the national level of encouragement for young people's entrepreneurship continues, and investment in young people's entrepreneurship and support from young people are increasing. Entrepreneurship intention is a direct factor leading to entrepreneurship, and many studies have studied the individual characteristics of entrepreneurs that influence entrepreneurial intention. In the same context, the purpose of this study was to investigate the entrepreneur's passion as a factor affecting entrepreneurial intention, divided into harmony passion and obsessive passion. In addition, the pass to need for achievement, emotion, and subjective norms, which are the individual characteristics of entrepreneurs that influence passion, were verified. To this end, an online survey was conducted for prospective entrepreneurs in universities, and data of 203 persons were collected and structural equations were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the need for achievement and positive emotions of preliminary entrepreneurs had a positive (+) effect on the passion for harmony, while the negative emotions and subjective norms were not significant for the passion for harmony. The need for achievement had a negative (-) effect on the obsessive passion, and the positive and negative emotions had a positive (+) effect on the obsessive passion, but the subjective norm was not significant on the obsessive passion. It was confirmed that harmony passion and obsessive passion showed positive (+) effect on entrepreneurial intention. It also confirmed whether harmonious passion and obsessive passion have a mediating effect between need for achievement, positive emotion, negative emotion, and entrepreneurial intention. As a result, it has a mediating effect between need for achievement, positive emotion and entrepreneurial intention, especially need for achievement has a complete mediating effect. Obsessive passion was also confirmed to have a mediating effect in the relationship between positive emotions and intention to start a business.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.891-900
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• 2021

Objective : Vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm (VADA) is a very rare subtype of intracranial aneurysms; when ruptured, it is associated with significantly high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite several discussions and debates, the optimal treatment for VADA has not yet been established. In the last 10 years, flow diverter devices (FDD) have emerged as a challenging and new treatment method, and various clinical and radiological results have been reported about their safety and effectiveness. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results with the use of FDD in the treatment of unruptured VADA. Methods : We retrospectively evaluated the data of all patients with unruptured VADA treated with FDD between January 2018 and February 2021 at our hybrid operating room. Nine patients with unruptured VADA, deemed hemodynamically unstable, were treated with FDD. Among other parameters, the technical feasibility of the procedure, procedure-related complications, angiographic results, and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Results : Successful FDD deployment was achieved in all cases, and the immediate follow-up angiography showed intra-aneurysmal contrast stasis with parent artery preservation. A temporary episode of facial numbness and palsy was noted in one patient; however, the symptoms had completely disappeared when followed up at the outpatient clinic 2 weeks after the procedure. The 3-6 months follow-up angiography (n=9) demonstrated complete/near-complete obliteration of the aneurysm in seven patients, and partial obliteration and segmental occlusion in one patient each. In the patient who achieved only partial obliteration, there was a sac 13 mm in size, and there was no change in the 1-year follow-up angiography. In the patient with segmental occlusion, the cause could not be determined. The clinical outcome was modified Rankin Scale 0 in all patients. Conclusion : Our preliminary study using FDD to treat hemodynamically unstable unruptured VADA showed that FDD is safe and effective. Our study has limitations in that the number of cases is small, and it is not a prospective study. However, we believe that the study contributes to evidence regarding the safety and effectiveness of FDD in the treatment of unruptured VADA.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.347-359
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• 2021

This study was intended to conduct a prospective study on the P2P Car-sharing service, which will be established as a new business model in the future, by identifying consumers' intention to accept the technology for the P2P-based Car-sharing service that will be introduced and spread in earnest in the future. The main results are as follows. First, the quality characteristics of the P2P Car-sharing service all have a statistically significant positive(+) effect on the perceived usefulness and ease of use of users, and among the quality characteristics, the service characteristics have a relatively strong effect on the perceived usefulness and ease of use, respectively. Second, both perceived usefulness and ease of use had a statistically significant positive(+) effect on users' intention to use P2P Car-sharing service, and ease of use was more dependent on intention to use P2P Car-sharing service. Third, the ease of use of the P2P Car-sharing service had a strong positive(+) effect on their perceived usefulness. As a result of this study, the most important factor to consider in establishing a P2P-based Car-sharing platform is to be constructed in the form of a universal design that prioritizes user convenience rather than usefulness and various functions of the service. It was suggested that UX design should be made, considering the surrounding clues, which are service environment elements.