• CELLMED
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.12.1-12.7
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• 2016

Cocos nucifera (C. nucifera) oil is indigenously used to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, coconut husk fibre (which is rich in polyphenols) has not been screened for this property. Based on the ethnomedicinal use of polyphenols in treating cardiovascular diseases, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of polyphenols of C. nucifera husk fibre on selected cardiovascular disease indices in mice. Fifty adult male Swiss albino mice were assigned randomly into five groups (A-E). Mice in groups B, C, D and E were administered 31.25, 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg body weight polyphenols of ethyl acetate extract of C. nucifera husk fibre respectively while the control group (A) mice received 5% DMSO for seven days. The mice were sacrificed twenty four hours after the last administration of polyphenols. Heart and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and plasma lipid profile were determined. Results revealed significant reduction (^*p< 0.05) in plasma levels of total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol with no significant change (^*p> 0.05) in HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and VLDL levels in the plasma at all doses of polyphenols administered compared to controls. There was significant reduction (^*p< 0.05) in the activities of heart AST and LDH while plasma ALT, AST, and ALP activities were not significantly altered (^*p> 0.05) at all doses of polyphenols administered compared to controls. These results suggest that the polyphenols of C. nucifera husk fibre possess cardio-protective properties and also indicate their possible use in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2017

Purpose: Physicochemical and microbiological qualities were investigated to compare quality characteristics of traditional with commercial soy sauce (Ganjang). Methods: Nineteen traditional products were collected from six provinces and three commercial products were purchased in domestic markets. The proximate composition, inorganic substance contents, viable bacteria, and chromaticity of the soy sauces were measured. Results: Although concentrations of crude fat and protein were not significantly different between traditional and commercial Ganjang, the moisture concentration of commercial soy sauce was significantly higher than in traditional Ganjang (p<0.05). However, the amount of ash in commercial soy sauce was significantly lower than in traditional Ganjang (p<0.05). Total nitrogen concentrations of traditional and commercial Ganjang were 0.50-1.59% and 0.86-1.26%, respectively. Concentrations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Li, B, Fe, and Sr in traditional Ganjang were significantly higher than in the commercial products (p<0.05). The number of total bacteria in traditional and commercial Ganjang were $3.3{\times}10^1-6.4{\times}10^7CFU/mL$ and $5.5{\times}10^1-2.0{\times}10^3CFU/mL$, respectively. Bacillus cereus were below 10,000 CFU/mL in all samples, and Staphylococcus aureus was not detected. Fungi was not detected in 13 samples of traditional Ganjang and the three samples of commercial soy sauce. Although lightness, redness, and yellowness were not significantly different among the Ganjang, G10 was had the highest values (p<0.05). Conclusion: This research provided information about the quality characteristics of traditional and commercial Ganjang.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.286-290
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• 2005

We consider the poisson equation where the functions involved are periodic including the solution function. Let $R=[0,1]{\times}[0,l]{\times}[0,1]$ be the region of interest and let $\phi$(x,y,z) be an arbitrary periodic function defined in the region R such that $\phi$(x,y,z) satisfies $\phi$(x+1, y, z)=$\phi$(x, y+1, z)=$\phi$(x, y, z+1)=$\phi$(x,y,z) for all x,y,z. We describe a very simple method for solving the equation ${\nabla}^2u(x, y, z)$ = $\phi$(x, y, z) based on the cubic spline interpolation of u(x, y, z); using the requirement that each interval [0,1] is a multiple of the period in the corresponding coordinates, the Laplacian operator applied to the cubic spline interpolation of u(x, y, z) can be replaced by a square matrix. The solution can then be computed simply by multiplying $\phi$(x, y, z) by the inverse of this matrix. A description on how the storage of nearly a Giga byte for $20{\times}20{\times}20$ nodes, equivalent to a $8000{\times}8000$ matrix is handled by using the fuzzy rule table method and a description on how the shape preserving property of the Laplacian operator will be affected by this approximation are included.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

A Bacillus strain capable of hydrolyzing locust bean gum was isolated as a producer of extracellular mannanase by way of an enrichment culture in an acidic medium from homemade soybean pastes. The isolate YB-1401 showed a biochemical identity of 61.1% with Brevibacillus laterosporus, while the nucleotide sequence of its 16S rDNA had the highest similarity with that of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The mannanase productivity of the Bacillus sp. YB-1401 was drastically increased by mannans. Particularly, maximum mannanase productivity was reached at approximately 265 U/ml in LB medium supplemented with konjac glucomannan (4.0%). The mannanase was the most active at $55^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5. Mannanase activity was completely maintained after pre-incubation at pH 3.5 to 11.0 for 1 h. The predominant products resulting from the mannanase hydrolysis were mannobiose and mannotriose for LBG, guar gum or mannooligosaccharides. A small amount of mannose was also detected in the hydrolyzates.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 1999

This study was based on the evaluation of 9 asphalts that were produced in five major Korean refineries. The study was concentrated to identify the problems of the current asphalt specification (KS M 2201) and to determine the ranges of visco-elastic asphalt behavior. As a conventional asphalt property. asphalt penetration, ring and ball(R&B) softening point, asphalt viscosity, and flash point of asphalt were measured. Also Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) were used to evaluate visco-elastic properties of asphalts in the $-20^{\circ}C$ through $30^{\circ}C$ temperature range. These properties before and after the short-term (RTFO) and long-term (PAV) aging were compared and analyzed to achieve the research objectives. The conclusion from this study can be summarized by the followings. The low temperature rheological behavior of all the straight asphalt from five major Korean refineries is similar regardless of asphalt grade. In the mean while, the rheological behavior at high and intermediate temperature of Korean straight asphalt varies depending on asphalt grade.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.184-192
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• 2015

Korea has already entered into an aging society. In recent decades, the health problems for seniors has received considerable interest. We often see the elderly who have been struggled from discomfort or illness of the foot. Those foot related problems mainly cause from the use of improper shoes. Recently, shoe makers sell the shoes for seniors, so called comfort shoes, but the shoes are too expensive for seniors to buy easily. In this paper, we develop cheap insoles for seniors as an alternative of the comfort shoes and suggest the systematic process for the insoles development. This systematic process is as follows: 1) Survey the literature about the market of insole, 2) Investigate the standard size of body and foot for the seniors in Korea, 3) Analyze the customer needs by survey, 4) Study the walking pattern by experiments, and 5) Develop the novel insole for the seniors to relieve the inconveniences related with foot. From the newly developed insoles, the company B gains the sales increasing effect approximately 30% over through the increase in consumer satisfaction and company reputation and secures for intellectual property rights. Using the database from Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, the reliability of developing technology of the functional insole has been obtained. The seniors are also enable to choose an alternative of comfort shoes for foot health. In the future, the insoles developed from this study have wide applications in the medical, cosmetic fields, and leisure sports fields. Accordingly, it seems to require more systematic studies utilizing Walk Analyzer and Foot Pressure Meter.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1020-1042
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• 2019

Reversible data hiding in encrypted images (RDHEI) provides some real-time cloud applications; i.e. the cloud, acting as a data-hider, automatically embeds timestamp in the encrypted image uploaded by a content owner. Many existing methods of RDHEI only satisfy user privacy in which the data-hider does not know the original image, but leaks owner privacy in which the receiver can obtains the original image by decryption and extraction. In the literature, the method of Zhang et al. is the one providing weak content-owner privacy in which the content-owner and data-hider have to share a data-hiding key. In this paper, we take care of the stronger notion, called strong content-owner privacy, and achieve it by presenting a new reversible data hiding in encrypted images. In the proposed method, image decryption and message extraction are separately controlled by different types of keys, and thus such functionalities are decoupled to solve the privacy problem. At the technique level, the original image is segmented along a Hilbert filling curve. To keep image privacy, segments are transformed into an encrypted image by using random permutation. The encrypted image does not reveal significant information about the original one. Data embedment can be realized by using pixel histogram-style hiding, since this property, can be preserved before or after encryption. The proposed method is a modular method to compile some specific reversible data hiding to those in encrypted image with content owner privacy. Finally, our experimental results show that the image quality is 50.85dB when the averaged payload is 0.12bpp.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.199-206
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• 2019

Experimental study on the durability characteristics to examine the feasibility of concrete with high water-tightness and self-healing performance to minimize maintenance of concrete for artificial ground is as follows. 1) When blending agent, swelling agents, and curing accelerator were added on the ternary system cement with blast-furnace slag fine particles and fly ash to give a self-healing property, higher blending strengths by 82% at design standard strength of 24MPa and by 74% at design strength of 30MPa, respectively could be obtained. 2) The permeability test for the specimens having high water-tightness and no shrinkage showed that the permeability was reduced at maximum of 98%. However, the permeability was decreased as the design strength was increased, showing the reduction rate of 87% at the design strength of 50MPa. 3) The depth of carbonation of blast-furnace slag and fly ash was increased in all the specimens compared with those of OPC only. However, as the material age was increased, carbonation penetration depth was decreased compared with the reference blend. 4) Compared with the reference blending using only OPC, the freeze-thaw resistance was higher in the case of blending with 40% of blast-furnace slag and 10% of fly ash at the design standard strength of 50MPa. In addition, the freeze-thaw resistance in general was superior in the design standard strength of 50MPa with the lower water-binder ratio (W/B) as compared with the design standard strength of 24MPa and 30MPa with the high water-binder ratios.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.145-157
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• 2023

Surimi has been traditionally used as the main ingredient in gelling foods, such as imitation crab sticks. However, it can also be used to manufacture snacks without gelling properties. To assess the properties of surimi as a snack ingredient, we prepared fried fish snacks with different surimi grades of Alaska pollack (AP) and threadfin bream (TB) and evaluated their quality characteristics. AP had significantly higher protein and gel strength values than TB did. Regarding color, TB showed significantly lower lightness (L) values and higher redness (a) and yellowness (b) values than AP did, consistent with the appearance of a brown color. TB had significantly lower hardness values, higher thickness expansion, and higher oil content than AP did. Hardness was found to be positively correlated with gel strength and negatively correlated with oil content. In the micro-structure images, more blistering was formed in TB, indicating higher expansion and crispiness. In the sensory evaluation, TB showed higher overall sensory acceptance than AP did, which is the result of its high color content, crispiness, taste, and aroma. Principal component analysis of the electronic nose and tongue revealed that the samples were clearly separated. In particular, TB had more aromatic components than AP in the electronic tongue. Our findings indicate that gel strength, which determines the quality properties of surimi, does not need to be considered in snack manufacturing. In fact, surimi with low gel strength is a more suitable ingredient for snack manufacturing.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.338-345
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• 2023

Bacillus spp. and Saccharomyces spp. are effective microorganisms that are applied as microbial fertilizers for crops in Korea. Mixed organic fertilizer (MOF) has been used in the Korean organic agriculture to supply nutrients to crops. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of MOF containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HSOB-7 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSOB-8 (MOFBS) on the soil chemical properties and growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Growth factors of lettuce were higher after applying different formulation types of MOFBS, such as powder and pellet, than those of NF, and not significantly different than those of control (microbe-free MOF). Compared with the control, application of recommended amount of MOFBS (MOFBS 250 kg/10a, MOFBS treatment) and double the recommended amount (MOFBS 500 kg/10a, 2MOFBS treatment) did not significantly change the growth factors of lettuce. After the application of two formulation types or two different amounts of MOFBS, soil chemical properties such as electrical conductivity, organic matter (OM), exchangeable Ca, and cation exchangeable cation (CEC) increased. These results indicated that although the application of MOFBS improved soil fertility including OM and CEC, it did not significantly affect lettuce growth.