• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2009

The flow fields around the HARTII rotor were numerically investigated using a viscous flow solver on adaptive unstructured meshes. An overset mesh and a deforming mesh technique were used to handle the blade motion including blade deflection, which was obtain from the HARTII experimental data. A solution-adaptive mesh refinement technique was also used to capture the rotor wake effectively. Comparison of the sectional normal force and pitching moment at 87% radial station between the two cases, with and without the blade deflection, showed that the blade loading is significantly affected by blade torsion. It was found that as the mesh was refined, the strength of tip vortex is better preserved, and the magnitude of high frequency blade loading, caused by blade-vortex interaction (BVI), is further magnified. It was also found that a proper time step size, which corresponds to the cell size, should be used to predict unsteady solutions accurately. In general, the numerical results in terms of the unsteady blade loading and the rotor wake show good agreement with the experimental data.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2016

The emerging Spin-Transfer Torque RAM (STT-RAM) is a promising component that can be used to improve the efficiency as a result of its high storage density and low leakage power. However, the state-of-the-art STT-RAM is not ready to replace SRAM technology due to the negative effect of its write operations. The write operations require longer latency and more power than the same operations in SRAM. Therefore, a hybrid cache with SRAM and STT-RAM technologies is proposed to obtain the benefits of STT-RAM while minimizing its negative effects by using SRAM. To efficiently use of the hybrid cache, it is important to place write intensive data onto the cache. Such data should be placed on SRAM to minimize the negative effect. Thus, we propose a technique that optimizes placement of data in main memory. It drives the proper combination of advantages and disadvantages for SRAM and STT-RAM in the hybrid cache. As a result of the proposed technique, write intensive data are loaded to SRAM and read intensive data are loaded to STT-RAM. In addition, our technique also optimizes temporal locality to minimize conflict misses. Therefore, it improves performance and energy consumption of the hybrid cache architecture in a certain range.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.2003-2012
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• 1996

The 16- and 32-state Trellis-coded M-ary 4-dimensional (4-D) orthogonal modulation scheme with a frequency-reuse technique have been investigated. Here, 5 coded bits form a rate 4/5 convolutional encoder provide 32 possible symbols. Then the signals are mapped by a M-ary 4-D orthogonal modulator, where each signal has equal energy and is PSK modulated. In the M-ary 4-D modulator, we have employed the vectors which is derived by the optimization technique of signal waveforms in a 4-D sphere. This technique is usedin maximizing the minimum Euclidean distance between a set of signal poits on a multidimensional sphere. By combinig trellis coding with M-ary 4-D modulation and proper set-partitioning, we have obtained a considerable impeovement in the free minimum distance of the system over an AWGN channel. The 16-state scheme obtains coding gains up to 5.5 dB over the uncoded two-independent QPSK scheme and 2.5 dB over the two-independent 2-D TCM scheme. And, the 32-state scheme obtains coding gains up to 6.4 dB over the uncoded two-independent QPSK schemeand 3.4 dB over the two-independent 2-D TCM scheme.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.263-290
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• 1997

Homogenization technique is employed to investigate the series of stress analyses of mandible for three different types of dental implants. This technique helps to make proper material model of bone and analyze such a non homogeneous structure at the level of individual microstructural unit. The stress analyses with homogenization technique show much higher stress level in the sponge bone, compared to those of conventional FEM. It also manifested that even a minor lateral force results in crucial stresses in the dental implant system and that the macroscale model should take the shape and size after real mandible to produce reasonable solution in the analyses of dental implant systems. The shapes of dental implants simulated in this study are rectangular-cross-sectioned type, hemi-sphere rooted type, and wedge type implant. The stress states of mandible with hemisphere rooted type implant and wedge type implant show similar levels, while those with sectioned rectangular implant results in higher stresses. It is suggested that the distance between the implant tip and cortical bone be kept far enough to prevent stress concentrations in the mandible.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2021

하악 무치악 환자에게 치과용 임플란트를 이용한 피개의치가 우선적으로 추천된다. 그러나 많은 환자들은 경제적, 건강상태를 이유로 전통적인 총의치를 선택하기도 한다. 전통적인 방법으로 제작된 총의치는 치조골 흡수가 심한 환자에서 간혹 유지 및 안정에 한계를 보인다. 이런 한계를 극복하기 위해서 폐구인상법을 이용한 흡착의치가 사용되고 있다. 그러나 기존의 방법은 Frame cut back tray, Centric tray, Gnathometer M이 필요하다. 본 논문은 진료실에서 흔히 사용되는 치과재료를 이용한 하악 흡착의치 제작과정을 소개하고자 한다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to create unique formative beauty with free expressive method and to suggest accessory design with individuality through this, by using hand-knitting technique in design of necklace and bangle, which belong to personal ornament among fashion accessories. It analyzed on theoretical background of knit technique and accessory through documentary research, examined the accessory design tendency and the research tendency through collection materials, and then suggested 9 works in accessory ornament design of using hand-knitting technique, based on this. The results are as follows. First, even in overseas collection, accessories in diverse materials and shapes were being show cased. Volume in necklace or bangle was indicated to be big. There were many cases of covering several items together. Second, the hand-knitting technique in originative accessory design could be confirmed to be possibly used broadly in the range of pattern and shape available for making by using yarn in diverse thicknesses with proper technique, and by transforming basic tissue according to knitting technique. Third, through the results of making ornaments in 7 necklaces and 2 bangles, the hand-knitting technique was confirmed to possibly expanding the application range of knitting technique in the accessory field, and has significance in having suggested individual accessory.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2023

치근단 수술의 성공 여부는 적절한 역충전 재료와 충전 기법을 선택하여 근단부를 밀폐하는 데 달려있다. 역충전 재료는 확실한 밀폐를 제공하고 양호한 치유를 얻기 위하여 여러가지 물리화학적 특성들이 요구되는데 현재까지 MTA는 기존의 재료들이 가지지 못한 전례없는 우수한 장점을 갖추어 역충전 재료의 gold standard로써 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 이러한 MTA도 경화시간이 길고 조작이 어렵다는 단점이 있어 최근에는 이러한 단점을 개선한 premixed putty type bioceramic material이 개발되었다. 또한 이러한 재료를 활용하여 역충전 와동을 효율적으로 충전하기 위한 'Lid technique'이 함께 제안되었다. 본 증례 보고는 치근단 수술에서 premixed putty type material과 Lid technique을 활용한 증례에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.100-106
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• 1993

A study on optimizing the friction welding of copper(C1100) to aluminium(A1050) for developing the electrical sleeve was experimentally carried out and also on real-time nondestructive evaluation of the friction weld quality (strength) was accomplished by acoustic emission technique. The results obtained are summarized as the following ; 1) The heating upset $U_1$(mm) or total upset U(mm) tends to increase according to the increase of heating time $t_1$(sec). The relations between $U_1$ and $t_1$ or U and $t_1$are computed as follows when n=2000rpm, $P_1$=4, $P_2$=8kgf/$mm^2$, and $t_2$=6sec. U=1.6$e^{0.39t_1}$ $U_1$=3.65$e^{0.25t_1}$. 2) It was notified that the proper welding conditions by considering on both strength with more than 100% joint effieciency and toughness are heating time of 1.5-2.25 sec under n=200rpm, $P_1$=4, $P_2$=8kgf/$mm^2$, $t_2$=6sec. 3) It was confirmed that both AE total counts(N, counts) and the weld tensile strength (${\sigma}$, kgf/$mm^2$) of the welded joints increase as the increase of heating time, respectively, the relations between N and $t_1$, ${\sigma}$ and $t_1$ are computed from data points by regression analysis using the least square method as follows in case of the above proper condition ; N=50108+23917(ln $t_1$)${\sigma}$$=11.85+2.06(ln $t_1$). 4) Both empirical and calcularated equations of relationship between .sigma. and N are very coincident with a high reliability, as the following in case of the above proper welding condition ; Calculated : ${\sigma}$=0.00008N+7.5 Empirical :${\sigma}$= $8.17e^{0.0000072N}$. 5) It was confirmed that the real-time nondestructive weld strength evaluation for friction welding of copper(C1100) to aluminium(A1050) could be possible by acoustic emission technique.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권2D호
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• pp.323-334
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 일반적인 중력지오이드 모델 결정방법인 Remove-Restore(R-R) 기법 적용 시 FFT 방법 및 LSC 방법에 의한 잔여지오이드고 모델링을 각각 적용하고, 이에 대한 정확도를 분석하여 보다 효율적인 지오이드 결정 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 우리나라 육상 및 해상에서 측정된 총 6,296점의 중력관측자료에 대하여 Stokes 공식을 적용한 다중밴드 구면 FFT 방법 및 통계적 결정방법인 LSC 방법을 각각 적용하였으며, 503점의 GPS/Levelling 자료에서 획득된 기하학적 지오이드고를 이용하여 모델링시 계산 결과의 정확도 향상을 위하여 결정되어야 하는 다양한 계산요소 및 적합한 계산과정을 결정하였다. 그 후 각 방법에 의하여 계산된 잔여지오이드고를 통계적으로 분석하여 한국의 지오이드 결정을 위하여 적합한 잔여지오이드고 모델링 방안을 검토하였다. 그 결과 LSC 방법의 경우 중력관측자료의 오차, 분포밀도의 부족 및 공분산 해석시 지역별 특성의 영향으로 정확한 잔여지오이드고의 모델링이 적용되지 못하였으며, 다중밴드 구면 FFT 방법의 경우 Stokes 적분을 위한 적절한 적분반경 및 수정 kernel의 적용을 통해 LSC 방법보다 약 10cm 이상의 정확도가 향상된 잔여지오이드고가 계산되었다.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.621-624
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is a study on getting proper gain set of PID controller which satisfies multi-performance specifications of the control system. The multi-objective optimization method is introduced to evaluate specifications, and the genetic algorithm is used as an optimal problem solver. To enhance the performance of genetic algorithm itself, adaptive technique is included. According to the proposed method in this paper, finding suitable gain set can be more easily accomplishable than manual gain seeking and tuning.