• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.1542-1555
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• 1999

This paper proposes an algorithm for class hierarchies which can optimize member data and member function. This algorithm considers single/multiple inheritance, static/dynamic binding, overloading/overriding, pure virtual/virtual function, and constructor on the hierarchy of C++ class. We need to eliminate unused function that possesses many component element, because the program uses a limited of function in class hierarchies. Previous works on slicing mainly focused on selecting output data and including the related program statement. It was consists of structured programming language and also centralized on error detection, maintenance, and flexible testing. In this paper, we extend to the object-oriented language, makes a linked-table for objects to raise the efficiency of information management, and proposes necessary algorithm for optimizing system Through this process, we can obtain the simplification of program code and the progress of system performance by eliminating unused member data and member function.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 1996

The response function of ionization chambers are measured in the narrow radiation field Nominal photon energies are 4MV, 6MV and 15MV. the Radii of the chambers are 0.5cm～3.05cm and the field size is 0.2$\times$20$\textrm{cm}^2$. The measurements are taken in the water phantom at 10cm depth. The beam kernel (radiation distribution profile) for narrow radiation field in the phantom are obtained from Monte Carlo simulation (EGS4, Electron Gamma Shower 4). The beam kernel components in the measured chamber response function are deconvolved in order to get the ideal chamber response function of the $\delta$-shaped function radiation field. The chamber response functions have energy dependent tendency before deconvolution, while they show energy invariant properties, after the components of beam kernels are removed by deconvolution method.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.48-83
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• 1996

Our conclusions for function evaluation tools of Stroke patients are as follows. 1. Evaluating tools of Activities of Daily Living, Katz Index, Barthel Index, Modified Barthel Index have high validity and reliability because of ease of measuring, high accuracy, consistency, sensitivity and sufficient stastistics, but they mainly measure motor function except sense, mentation, language, and social conception. Therefore cerebrovascular disease and brain injury in trauma patients with lacked acknowledgement and sensation, we are not able to apply these tools. 2. PULSES Profile is a useful scale for measuring the patient's over-all status, upper and lower limb functions, sensory components, excretary functions, and intellectual and emotional adaptabilities. It is recognized as a good, useful tool to evaluate patient's whole function. 3. Motor Assessment Scale was designed to measure the progress of stroke patients. The scale was supplemented with upper arm function items. We believe that the Motor Assessment Scale could be a useful evaluation tool with inter-rater reliability ,test-retest reliability. 4. The existing evaluation tools, Katz Index, Barthel Index, Modified Barthel Index, PULSES Profile, Motor Assessment Scale, mainly measured the rehabilitational motor function of sequela of cerebrovascular patients. On the other hand CNS & INH stroke scale can measure cerebrovascular disease patient's neurologic deficits and over-all stautus, which are recognition ability, speech status, motor function, sensory function, activities of daily living. Those scales have been recognized as useful tools to measure function of cerebrovascular disease patients and have increased in use. 5. Every function evaluation tool was recognized to have some validity and inter-rater, test-retest reliability in items of each evaluation tool and total scores of each evaluation tools, but it is thought that none of these scales have been fully validated and proved reliable. Therefore afterward, the development of a highly reliable rating system may best be accomplished by a careful comparison of several tools, using the same patients and the same observers in order to choose the most reliable items from each. 6. Ideal evaluation tools must have the following conditions; (1) It should show the objective functional statues at the same time. (2) It should be repeated consecutively to know changed function status. (3) It should be easy to observe the treatment program. (4) It should have the same result with another rater to help rater exchange information with treatment team members. (5) It should be practical and simple. (6) The patient should not suffer from the observer.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2009

In the modem semiconductor industry, the progress that consumes the most capital and labor is cleansing process. Cleansing process is to remove impurities that can affect the operation of the device and deteriorate its function. Especially, Photoresist (PR) progress that etches the device always requires cleansing at the end of the progress. Also, HDI-PR (High-Dose Ion-implanted Photoresist) created from PR progress is difficult to remove. Thus, in modem IC cleansing, many steps of cleansing are used, including dry and wet cleansing. In this paper, we suggested to combine existing dry-cleansing and wet-cleansing, each represented by plasma cleansing and stripper solution, as Plasma Liquid-Vapor Activation (PLVA). This PLVA method enhances the effect of existing cleansing solution, and decreases the amount of solution and time required to strip. We stripped HDI-PR by activated solution and measured surface hardness and Young's modulus by Nano-indenter. Nano-indenter is the equipment that determines the hardness and the modulus of elasticity by indenting nano-sized tip with specific shape into the surface and measuring weight and z-axis displacement. We measured the change of surface hardness and Young's modulus before and after the cleansing. As a result, we found out that the surface hardness of the sample sharply decreased after the cleansing by plasma-activated PR stripper solution. It can be considered that if physical surface-cleansing process is inserted after this, more effective elimination of HDI-PR is possible.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.38-49
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• 2009

In public project market, design-build projects have been increased because of market trend change which enables technical competition. In this condition, its importance is also getting important. Generally, life cycle of design-build project consists of planning, preliminary design, procurement, contract, detail design, start of construction, construction, end of construction, and evaluation. From contractor's viewpoint, it has problems such as difficulties in project management and information sharing because of frequent change of charged division. To solve these problems, it is desirable to change from function-based management system to process-based management system. The purpose of this study is to develop management process model for design-build project by progress phases. This study analyzed main conflicts and decision making factors of each stage in design-build projects, then systemized management subjects' responsibilities and management points' change. And also this study defined the key information that is the key point by project characteristics and progress phases. Based on this analysis, this study did business process modeling from planning stage to construction design check stage. At last, we proposed the way to manage business process by design-build project progress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.4 s.94
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• pp.62-78
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• 2005

The modern period was the time that the most radical and extensive social and mental changes were occurring throughout the history, and modernism was prevailing as a general cognition system of people. Modernism, which carries principles of progress, belief in application of scientific technology, worship of reason, ideal of liberty as a col-e value of civilization, was plated as a leading ideology in the realm of society, culture and art In the early 20th century. In this study, the formative characteristics of modernism seen in architecture and fashion are analogized and analyzed in four ways ell the basis of the theory of p. Greenhalgh. First, 'Standardization for mass-production', which is analogized which P. Greenhalgh's 'Decompart-mentalisation', 'Social Morality', and' Technology'. Standardization for mass-production in architecture focuses on the development of a design prototype in order to mass produce; the development of ready-made clothes is actively done ill the fashion area for the same purpose as well. Second, 'Rational functionality' coming from P. Greenhalgh's 'The total work of art' and 'Function'. While rational functionality in architecture puts an emphasis on the rational operation of all the functions in regard to the relation between each part and the whole, rational functionality in fashion call be mainly seen in a dramatic increase in physical activity which could be hardly found before the modernism period. Namely, all the fashion design elements are developed for a certain rational and functional design on each part as well as on the whole in order to greatly increase physical activity. Third, 'the pursuit for genuineness of objects and universality of beauty' is on the analogy of P Greenhalgh's 'Truth', 'Anti-historicism', 'Abstraction', 'Internationalism/Universality'. This idea is adopted in architecture in the form of design of geometrical abstraction. In the same way, design using geometrical abstraction comes to have a significant meaning in fashion of the modernism period. So to speak, modernism architecture and fashion can be reborn to become an inter·national style by giving up the decorative and regional design prevailing before modernism and by expressing universal aesthetics in the form of simplicity and abstraction instead. Fourth, 'Expression of progress through a change in a viewpoint' stems from P. Greenhalgh's 'Progress', 'Transformation of Consciousness', 'Theology'. In architecture, this concept appears by using new construction materials and methods and by representing new aesthetical idea. As a result, it makes it possible for people to make progress for better lives. Like in architecture, new attempts for material application and processing are made in fashion. This gives rise to a general change in a viewpoint related to fashion, so that a flew fashion design which there has never been before can come out.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.118-125
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• 2002

Hydration is the main reason for the growth of the material properties. An exact parameter to control the chemical and physical process is not the time, but the degree of hydration. Therefore, it is reasonable that development of all material properties and the formation of microstructure should be formulated in terms of degree of hydration. Mathematical formulation of degree of hydration is based on combination of reaction rate functions. The effect of moisture conditions as well as temperature on the rate of reaction is considered in the degree of hydration model. This effect is subdivided into two contributions: water shortage and water distribution. The former is associated with the effect of W/C ratio on the progress of hydration. The water needed for progress of hydration do not exist and there is not enough space for the reaction products to form. The tatter is associated with the effect of free capillary water distribution in the pore system. Physically absorption layer does not contribute to progress of hydration and only free water is available for further hydration. In this study, the effects of chemical composition of cement, W/C ratio, temperature, and moisture conditions on the degree of hydration are considered. Parameters that can be used to indicate or approximate the real degree of hydration are liberated heat of hydration, amount of chemically bound water, and chemical shrinkage, etc. Thus, the degree of heat liberation and adiabatic temperature rise could be determined by prediction of degree of hydration.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.273-280
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• 2008

The single intratracheal instillation (ITI) of bleomycin (BLM) is a widely used method for inducing experimental pulmonary fibrosis in rat model. In the present study, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) of tidal volume ($V_T$), minute volume ($V_M$), and respiratory frequency ($F_R$) have been applied to study their possibility as a tool to monitor the progress of BLM-induced lung injury in rat model. Rats were treated with a single ITI of BLM (2.5 mg/kg) or saline (control). Animals were euthanized at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-ITI. Lung toxicity effects were evaluated by inflammatory cell count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and light microscopic examination of lung injury. The PFT parameters were measured immediately before the animals were sacrificed. BLM treatment induced significant cellular changes in BALF-increase in number of total cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes along with sustained increase in number of macrophages compared to the controls at days 3, 7, and 14. BALF LDH level was significantly increased compared to that in the controls up to day 14. On day 3, infiltration of neutrophils was observed in the alveolar spaces. These changes developed into marked peribronchiolar and interstitial infiltration by inflammatory cells, and extensive thickening of the interalveolar septa on day 7. At 14, 21, and 28 days, mild peribronchiolar fibrosis was observed along with inflammatory cell infiltration. The results of PFT show significant consistencies compared to the results of other toxicity tests. These data demonstrate that the most suitable time point for assessing lung fibrosis in this model is 14 days post-ITI of BLM based on the observation of fibrosis at 14, 21, and 28 days. Further, the progress of lung injury can be traced by monitoring the PFT parameters of $F_R$, $V_T$, and $V_M$.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.1
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• pp.283-319
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• 1997

Our society witnesses the rapid progress in the areas of politics, economy, society and culture in the process of national modernization since 1960s, which in turn as a reverse function gets to contract a societic pathology, totally lowering the security level of citizens' lives owing to various violent crimes like hostage commotions and murders with rifles and deadly weapons. what is the main reason for that? That may be partly because the chief police force concentrates on the current situation resulting in the vacuum of the public peace. However, the main reason is that the police fall short of man-power and equipments even if the whole police power were put to use in preventing and quelling the crimes. That is true not only of Korea but also of the advanced countries like the U.S.A., England and Japan. We realize that these advanced countries have higher level of security in every individual's life and property than Korea because their progress of the private guard systems can fill in a vacuum of the shortage of the police power, Therefore, we should without delay internationalize our private guard systems expecting the widely opening of the guard service markets in the age of Uruguay Round. To do this, we need to change our ideas for fostering the policy of the private guard from passive defense ideas into positive aggressive ones. Our police should urgently set up a plan to pursue the orientation of vision that we should dispatch our private guards overseas before foreign guards rush into our markets. Accordingly it goes without saying that the private guard group should distinguish their services from the public services initiating their own theory and strategy of private guard services and also readjust themselves between the public duties and the private services with the study of minimizing the reverse function of the private guard systems. The history criminal justice has always shown that the criminal system progressed at the initiative of the civil factor in case its demand and supply do not make both ends meet. Nevertheless, in the process the power of the government never weakens, rather it is built up in general. In conclusion, the necessity of the build-up of the private guard services must duly be acknowledged by the police as well as by the business which has its unique sphere within the criminal justice instead of as the suplemtary services of the simple the police power on the long-term basis. The purpose of the private guard services can be largely classified into the two categories; first it means the function to prevent the crimes against the citizens and secondly to enhance the national interest as an increasing mammoth business with a worldly competition capacity. The police has an absolute responsibility that they should protect the modem public in general from feeling the crisis of the personal threat, tension, anxiety and nervousness. In short, if we develop the complete private guard system to guarantee the societic atmosphere for all citizens, keep the public peace, and protect all citizens' lives and properties, we will sure enjoy a beautiful land, a wholesome society and a happy life in goodharmony of law and order.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.844-847
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• 1997

In this paper, scheduling problem is dealt for the minimization of due date penalty for the customer order. Multiproduct batch processes have been dealt with for their suitability for high value added low volume products. Their scheduling problems take minimization of process operation for objective function, which is not enough to meet the customer satisfaction and the process efficiency simultaneously because of increasing requirement of fast adaptation for rapid changing market condition. So new target function has been suggested by other researches to meet two goals. Penalty function minimization is one of them. To present more precisely production scheduling, we develop new scheduling model with penalty function of earliness and tardiness We can find many real cases that penalty parameters are divergent by the difference between the completion time of operation and due date. That is to say, the penalty parameter values for the product change by the customer demand condition. If the order charges different value for due date, we can solve it with the due date period. The period means the time scope where penalty parameter value is 0. If we make use of the due date period, the optimal sequence of our model is not always same with that of fixed due date point. And if every product have due date period, due date of them are overlapped which needs optimization for the maximum profit and minimum penalty. Due date period extension can be enlarged to makespan minimization if every product has the same abundant due date period and same penalty parameter. We solve this new scheduling model by simulated annealing method. We also develop the program, which can calculate the optimal sequence and display the Gantt chart showing the unit progress and time allocation only with processing data.