• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.349-354
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• 1990

The effects of $PGF2{\alpha}$ on the conception rate and the plasma levels of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and progesterone of anestrus Cheju mares were investigated at the breeding and non-breeding seasons. The results obtained from this studies are as follows; 1. The durations of the estrus and diestrus after $PGF_2{\alpha}$ treatment persisted shorter than control cycle (p<0.05), but ovulation time was fast. 2. The levels of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ and progesteron before $PGF_2{\alpha}$ treatment showed 103.8pg/ml, 8.0ng/ml in breeding season and 72.8pg/ml, 4.7ng/ml in non-breeding season, respectively. 3. The levels of estradiol-$17{\beta}$ rose to 115.4~154.0pg/ml, and 90.8~27.0pg/ml from 2nd to 6th day after the treatment of $PGF_2{\alpha}$, in breeding and non-breeding seasons, respectively, while progesterone level dropped to 1ng/ml with the sign of estrus and at 8th day rose in breeding season (p<0.05). 4. Of thirty anestrus mares investigated for $PGF_2{\alpha}$ administration, 87.5% showed estrus on an average of 3.8 days after treatment and the conception rate was 62.5% in breeding season, but the estrus and conception rates dropped 40% and 20% in non-breeding season, respectively.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.558-565
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• 2008

Although the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa is greatly reduced after freezing, complete understanding of alterations induced by cryopreservation has not been elucidated. The present study evaluates the effects of cryopreservation on the $Ca^{2+}$ handling of boar spermatozoa using several sperm activators. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ signals from single spermatozoa were measured using confocal $Ca^{2+}$ imaging of unfrozen samples and of other spermatozoa after having been frozen. Elevation of the external $K^{2+}$ concentration elicited a three times larger $Ca^{2+}$ increase in fresh spermatozoa than in cryopreserved spermatozoa. Caffeine elicited $Ca^{2+}$ transients with some oscillations in the fresh spermatozoa, but not in the thawed spermatozoa. Depletion of the $Ca^{2+}$ store with thapsigargin induced a rapid rise in $Ca^{2+}$ in the control but generated a smaller increase of $Ca^{2+}$ after thawing. Exposure to progesterone induced a biphasic rise of the $Ca^{2+}$ level in the fresh spermatozoa only. Sperm viability was reduced by cryopreservation. Resting $Ca^{2+}$ levels in fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa were similar. Longer incubation (2.5 h) of thawed spermatozoa partly recovered the $Ca^{2+}$ response to the interventions. These results suggest that cryopreservation reduces the responsiveness of spermatozoa to depolarization, modulators of the internal $Ca^{2+}$ store and progesterone in terms of the $Ca^{2+}$ signal, thus providing a possible mechanism for reduced fertility observed in cryopreserved boar spermatozoa.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to investigate the changes in concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and sex steroid hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone in Korean cattle (Hanwoo) with reproductive disorders and to examine the relationship between BUN and body condition score (BCS) in Hanwoo. The concentration of BUN was 16.2 mg/dl, 17.8 mg/dl, 15.1 mg/dl, 17.9 mg/dl, and 28.3mg/dl in pregnancy, repeat breeding, follicular cyst, luteal cyst, and ovarian atrophy, respectively. In Hanwoo with BCS $2.0{\sim}2.9$, $3.0{\sim}3.5$ and $3.6{\sim}4.0$, the concentration of BUN was 15.8 mg/dl, 17.0 mg/dl, and 17.6 mg/dl, respectively. Fluoroimmunoassay showed that serum estrogen and progesterone levels were decreased in reproductive disorders Hanwoo, such as ovarian atrophy, endometritis, and weak estrus. The testosterone level was significantly decreased in Hanwoo with reproductive disorders compared to that in pregnant Hanwoo ($0.02{\sim}0.03\;ng/ml$ vs 0.13 ng/ml, p<0.05). The progesterone and estrogen concentrations in follicular fluid obtained from ovary with follicular cyst were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those in normal follicle fluid. These results show that there is no relationship between BUN and BCS in Hanwoo, and the concentration of sex steroid hormone in serum and follicular fluid are changed in reproductive disorders Hanwoo.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 1986

The present study was designed to assess the relationships between the methods to evaluate adequacy of luteal function. We measured mid-luteal serum progesterone levels by radioimmune assay, luteal phase lengths and mean post-ovulatory basal body temperature rise rates by basal body temperature charts in 40 in-phase-cycle infertile patients and 38 out-of-phase-cycle patients who underwent late-luteal endometrial biopsies at the sterility clinic of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital from Jan. 1986 to Aug. 1986. The results were summarized as follows: 1. No significant differences were found in mean age, mean duration of infertility, mean mid-luteal serum progesterone levels, and mean post-ovulatory temperature rise rate between in-phase-cycle patients and out-of-phase-cycle patients, but significant difference in mean luteal phase length between 2 groups was identified. 2. 91% of total patients sho had luteal phase lengths of less than 11 days showed out-of-phase-cycles. 3. In out-of-phase-cycle group with luteal phase lengths of less than 11 days, 50% had an endometrial lag of at least 4 days, but 10.7% had an endometrial lag of 4 or more days in group with luteal phase lengths of more than 11 days. 4. There was no significant correlation between mid-luteal serum progesterone level and endometrial lag of late luteal phase endometrial biopsy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.857-860
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• 2012

Serum tumor marker CA15-3 is widely used in follow-up for assessment of breast cancer prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate levels among healthy females and patients, to assess differences with tumor stage and grade, and to determine the relationship with estrogen and progesterone receptor expression. One hundred and thirty six Jordanian females were enrolled in this study: Forty-five were healthy females; seventy-two were diagnosed with breast cancer and nineteen diagnosed with benign breast lesions. Elevated serum CA15-3 level was significantly observed among breast cancer patients ($37.95{\pm}6.65$) compared to both healthy ($14.97{\pm}0.8$) and benign females ($12.30{\pm}1.55$), but no significant association was detected between serum CA15-3 level and age of cancer onset, menarche age, menopause age, parity and BMI. Decreased CA15-3 level was significantly associated with hormone therapy and oral contraceptive consumption among breast cancer patients. Significantly elevated CA15-3 serum levels were found among grade II, III and stage II and III breast cancer females compared to normal healthy females. Elevated CA15-3 serum levels were also found among ER+/PR+($54.242{\pm}7.89$) and ER+/PR-($37.08{\pm}8.22$) compared to healthy control females.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.116-124
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• 2017

Purpose: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a disabling pain that mostly occurs in elderly women, but rarely in men. It is characterized by an unremitting oral burning sensation and pain without detectable oral mucosal changes. We investigated the clinical and hematologic features of middle-aged men with BMS, and compared the results to those of men with oral mucositis. Methods: Five men with BMS ($48.60{\pm}6.19years$) and five age-matched controls with oral mucositis ($49.80{\pm}15.26years$) underwent clinical and psychological evaluations and blood tests. Psychological status was evaluated using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were determined from the blood samples. Results: ADH level was significantly lower in men with BMS than in the controls. ADH levels correlated with testosterone (p<0.01), and ACTH levels strongly correlated with ESR (p<0.05). Progesterone level positively correlated with FSH and LH levels. Pain intensity on a visual analogue scale correlated with estradiol level only in men with BMS. Among psychological factors, the obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal-sensitivity, and anxiety scores were higher in men with BMS than in the controls (p<0.05). However, no correlations were observed between the psychological and hematologic factors in both groups. The BMS symptoms presented only on the tongue, with the lateral border being the most prevalent area. Conclusions: Men with BMS may experience dysregulated endocrinologic or psychoneuroendocrinologic interactions, which might affect oral BMS symptoms, aggravating the severity of the burning sensation.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

Purpose : This study is to examine what are the effects of the Guisinhwan(GSH) on the ovulation and ovary in rats. Methods : 4weeks Female Sprague-Dawley 12 rats of weighting 160-l80g, were divided into three groups including the GSH oral administration(4ml/kg) groups(4heads) and GSH oral administration(8ml/kg)　groups(4heads). Then we observed changes in the serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and estradiol($E_2$) and the histological changes of ovary and the immunohistochemical staining for progesterone receptor in ovary of rats. Results : 1. GSH didn't make a difference as compared with control group in serum FSH level. 2. GSH didn't make a difference as compared with control group in serum LH level. 3. GSH significantly increased serum $E_2$ level. 4. GSH significantly increased ovulation in histological observations of ovary. 5. GSH tended to decrease immunohistochemical staining score (ISS) of atretic follicles in immunohistochemical staining for progesterone receptor in ovary. Conclusion : GSH influences ovary to increase the ovulation of rats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.346-351
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• 2002

The effect of fetal number (single or twin) on plasma concentrations of progesterone, estradiol $17{\beta}$, cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone, triiodothyronine, thyroxine and insulin around parturition (periparturient period) were studied on ten $Alpine{\times}Beetle$ crossbred goats in their first to third lactation. The hormone profiles were studied on days -20, -15, -10, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1 prior to kidding and on day 0 and +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +10, +15, +20 days postkidding. Plasma progesterone levels were significantly (p<0.01) higher in twin bearing goats comparison to single bearing goats during all the days of sampling. The decline in progesterone concentration from day 20 to day 1 before kidding was 56% in twin and 42% in single bearing goats. In single bearing goats plasma estradiol $17{\beta}$ was significantly (p<0.01) higher during prekidding days compared to twin bearing goats. The level of estradiol $17{\beta}$ was highest on the day of kidding in both the groups. The plasma prolactin level in twin bearing goats from day 10 to day 1 prepartum was higher as compared to single fetus bearing goats. However there was abrupt increase in prolactin level on the day of kidding in both the groups. The plasma growth hormone levels were significantly (p<0.01) higher in twin compared to single bearing goats. On the day of kidding growth hormone levels were significantly (p<0.01) higher in twin as compared to single bearing goats (1.40 vs. 0.95 ng/ml). In twin bearing goats plasma cortisol values from day 5 till the day of kidding remained elevated and the levels on the day of kidding was significantly highest in both the groups. The levels of triiodothyronine ($T_3$) were significantly higher (p<0.01) during all the periods of sampling in single compared to twin bearing goats. Plasma thyroxine ($T_4$) was significantly (p<0.01) lower in twin compared to single bearing goats. In single bearing goats plasma insulin levels were significantly (p<0.01) higher than twin bearing goats during prepartum period however during post partum period the levels in both the groups remained similar. It can be concluded that number of fetuses is having significant influence on the hormone profile during periparturient period.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to determine changes in serum hormone concentrations, blood chemical values and recovery rate of in vivo embryos during the estrous cycle following super-ovulation treatments in Jeju black cows. Superovulation was induced by subcutaneous administration of FSH twice a day for 4 days. Serum hormones were assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and blood chemical values were analyzed by blood analyser system. Embryos were collected from all treated black cows using nonsurgical technique on day 7 after artificial insemination (AI). The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The progesterone concentrations were $7.2{\pm}3.8ng/ml$ at day -11 and $0.3{\pm}0.1ng/mL$ at day 0 (Day 0 is the first day of AI). The estradiol concentrations were $10.6{\pm}4.48pg/ml$ at day -11 and $15.0{\pm}2.2pg/ml$ at day 0. The lowest level of progesterone was measured at day 0. The highest levels of estradiol was measured at day 0. 2. The blood chemical values of treated black cows were no significant differences in normal cow values. 3. Sixty two embryos were collected in 12 black cows. Among the collected embryos, 37 embryos (59.7%) could be transferred into recipients. These results would be used as the basic informations for changing patterns of hormonal level and blood biochemistry in Jeju black cow with superovulation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2013

In the present study, we investigated the effects of high forage diets on the volume of udder, hormone level in blood, and lactation characteristics in the Holstein dairy cow. We divided into two groups; high forage diet [HF, concentrate: forage=4:6 n=41] and low forage diet [LF, 6:4 n=21]. Five cows were selected from each group based on their age for measuring the udder volume and the serum levels of estradiol and progesterone. Lactation characteristics were compared between HF and LF. The udder volume was 2.5 fold larger in HF at early gestation (p<0.01), but no difference was noted afterward. For the hormone levels, no significant difference was found between the groups. In HF, milk yield was significantly increased and maintained high longer, while somatic cell count was approximately 50% lower. Meanwhile, the milk fat content was significantly lower in HF during early lactating phase (p<0.001), but there was no difference thereafter. For milk protein and solid content, and MUN, no differences were found between the groups during lactation. Our results indicated that feeding high forage diets to dairy cows can increase milk yield and quality without notable changes in the udder volume and hormone level.