• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.257-258
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.413-422
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• 2000

Samples of banana were dried in a two-stage heat pump dryer capable of producing stepwise control of the inlet drying air temperature while keeping absolute humidity constant. Two stepwise air temperature profiles were tested. The incremental temperature step change in temperature of the drying air about the mean air temperature of 30 $^{\circ}C$ was 5 $^{\circ}C$. The total drying time for each temperature-time profile was about 300 minutes. The drying kinetics and color change of the products dried under these stepwise variation of the inlet air temperature were measured and compared with constant air temperature drying. The stepwise air temperature variation was found to yield better quality product in terms of color of the dried product. Further, it was found that by employing a step-down temperature profile, it was possible to reduce the drying time to reach the desired moisture content.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.739-747
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• 2021

This study examined the measurement conditions of the texture profile analysis (TPA) experiments that are typically used to measure the physical properties of sausage. As the measurement conditions (compression ratio and cross-head speed) were changed, the significant differences between the values of textural parameters (hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness) of samples changed. Furthermore, among the measurement conditions, there was more variation in the significant difference between the value of samples due to a change in the compression ratio than due to a change in the cross-head speed. The highest variation in significant difference was observed between the values of cohesiveness of samples due to changes in measurement conditions, whereas the lowest variation in significant difference was observed between the values of springiness of samples due to change in measurement conditions. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a clear basis for setting specific measurement conditions for TPA test, since significant differences in the values of textural parameters of samples were caused by differences in cross-head speed or compression ratio, not by a difference in samples, when analyzing the cohesiveness of sausage, especially.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.38.2-38.2
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• 2014

Radial light profiles of bars are known to be related to the morphology of their host galaxies in a way that bars in early type disk galaxies show flat radial light profile, while bars in late type disk galaxies show exponential profile. To quantify how flat or steep bar profiles are, we have performed detailed two-dimensional decompositions on 3.6 micron images for 144 barred galaxies from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G), and then modeled bar profiles with Sersic functions. We find that bars in classical bulge, higher bulge-to-total (B/T) galaxies are flatter than bars in bulgeless, lower B/T galaxies. In particular, we find that the presence of a bulge almost always guarantees that the bar is flat. Conversely, bulgeless galaxies, mostly have bars with steep profiles. This implies that the light profile of bars may be a dynamical age indicator of bars. We also find that the shape of bars are boxy and do not change with B/T. This indicates that as galaxies evolve, bars change their light profile while keeping their outermost shape boxy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 1990

This research was made to investigate the change of the image layer and of the vertical and horizontal magnification on the Panelipse radiographic image by the control of profile index. Using the Panelipse, a series of 60 exposures were taken with the steel balls placed in the holes of the plastic model plate, and then evaluated by 4 observers. Two points were assigned for a reading of sharp, one for middling sharp, and zero for unsharp. Each ball image then could be given a total reader score of 0 to 8. The author analyzed the image layer as defined by a sharpness score of 6 or more. The results obtained were as follows: As the profile index was increased, the shape of the image layer was not changed, and the width of the image layer was increased, and the position of the layer shifted away from the rotation center. As the profile index was increased, the ranges of vertical and horizontal magnification was increased, especially the ranges of horizontal magnification was greater than that of vertical magnification.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.4 s.75
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• pp.399-409
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change of soft tissue profile on lower face following retraction of incisors through orthodontic treatment. 31 Korean women with bialveolar protrusion who were treated with 4 first bicuspid extraction were selected. All of samples were treated from above 17 years of age. Lateral cephalometric head films taken before and after treatment were analyzed statistically. The results were obtained as follows. $\cdot$The ratio of upper incisor retraction to upper lip retraction and lower incisor retraction to lower lip retraction were 1.54:1 (r=0.746) and 0.92:1 (r=0.584) respectively $\cdot$It appeared during orthodontic treatment that UIS-LS was increased considerably and the others in soft tissue thickness measurements were slightly decresed. $\cdot$Analysis of correlation showed that the change of the upper lip (LS) with the change of maxillary central incisor (UIS) and the change of lower lip with the change of B point were most strongly correlated. $\cdot$The multiple regression equations were obtained to predict soft tissue profile change of lower face according to retraction of incisors.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.2 no.3 s.4
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• pp.30-36
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• 1999

Blade shape profile in the axial compressor is one of the most important factors governing its aerodynamic characteristics. Manufacturing tolerance, which is inevitable in the blade manufacturing processes, may change blade profile and as a consequence, it will affect the compressor performance. In this paper, influence of manufacturing tolerance on the aerodynamic characteristics of axial compressor blades with distortion of blade profile curvatures is investigated by using a flow simulation technique. It is found that manufacturing tolerance can be an important factor affecting the source of both profile and wake losses of the axial compressor blades.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the apical transportation and working length change in curved root canals created in resin blocks, using 3 geometrically different types of Ni-Ti files, K3, NRT, and Profile. Materials and Methods: The curvature of 30 resin blocks was measured by Schneider technique and each groups of Ni-Ti files were allocated with 10 resin blocks at random. The canals were shaped with Ni-Ti files by Crown-down technique. It was analyzed by Double radiograph superimposition method (Backman CA 1992), and for the accuracy and consistency, specially designed jig, digital X-ray, and CAD/CAM software for measurement of apical transportation were used. The amount of apical transportation was measured at 0, 1, 3, 5 mm from 'apical foramen - 0.5 mm' area, and the alteration of the working length before and after canal shaping was also measured. For statistics, Kruskal-Wallis One Way Analysis was used. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in the amount of working length change and apical transportation at 0, 1, and 3 mm area (p = 0.027), however, the amount of apical transportation at 5 mm area showed significant difference between K3 and Profile system (p = 0.924). Conclusions: As a result of this study, the 3 geometrically different Ni-Ti files showed no significant difference in apical transportation and working length change and maintained the original root canal shape.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.795-821
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• 2001

This Qualitative study investigated a preservice teacher's developing views of learning with the influence of constructivist epistemology taught in the Math, Science, and Technology Education (MSAT) Master of Education (M. Ed.) preservice teacher education program. The MSAT teacher education program employs constructivist aspects of teacher education and generates applications of constructivism to the practice of teaching, as revealed by faculty interview data. It is important at this point to emphasize that there are significant epistemological and ontological differences between different versions of educational constructivism (i.e., individual, radical, and social constructivism) and that these differences imply different pedagogical practices. For the 16 preservice teachers included in a larger study, the epistemological and ontological characteristics for each teacher's developing views of learning were identified through four in-depth interviews. Data from interviews were used to construct a constructivist profile for each preservice teacher's views of learning (i.e., a profile containing ontological beliefs, epistemological commitments, and pedagogical beliefs). Of the sixteen participants in the larger study, five significantly changed ontological and epistemological beliefs and eleven did not. Profile changes for the five who did change also resulted in changes in their conceptions of science teaching and learning (CSTL). In this article, one of the five teachers case was presented with rich quotes. This case study documents how a preservice teacher transferred his ontological and epistemological beliefs to his pedagogical beliefs and maintained the consistency between his philosophical beliefs and CSTL. It also demonstrated implications that changes in components for an educational constructivist profile have for a preservice teacher's view of himself as teacher. Data indicated the possibility that a constructivist-oriented preservice teacher education program can influence students' conceptions of science teaching and learning by explicitly introducing constructivism as an epistemology rather than as a specific method of instruction. Implications for both instructional practices of teacher education programmes and research are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.656-664
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• 2011

In this work, a numerical model is proposed for the relation between the magnitudes and the depth residual stress with the velocity of Rayleigh wave. Three cases, stress-free, uniform stress and layered stress, are investigated for the change tendency of the Rayleigh wave speed. Using the simulated signal with variation of residual stress magnitude and depth, investigation of the parameters for fitting residual stress and velocity change are performed. The speed change of Rayleigh wave shows a linear relation with the magnitude and an exponential relation with the depth of residual stress. The combination of these two effects could be used for the depth profile evaluation of the residual stress.