• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2008

Objectives : The pathophysiology of ICH is not fully understood, therefore, the fundamental therapeutic strategies for ICH also not well inspected either. The genetic profile for the effect of Carthami Flos extract on cerebral hemorrhage in rat brain tissue was measured using microarray technique. Genes displaying expressional change on brain damage were selected and the functional analysis on these genes was conducted. Methods : Rats were placed in a stereotaxic frame after intraperitoneal injection of chloralhydrate, and ICH was induced by injection of collagenase type IV and Carthami Flos extract was administered orally. The molecular profile of cerebral hemorrhage in rat brain tissue was measured using microarray technique to identify up- or down- regulated genes in brain tissue. Results : Upon treatment with Carthami Flos extract on the rat having brain damage, many genes show expressional change. The pattern of gene expressional change can be classified into 8 classes in which two types of classes were composed of recovered genes from up or down-regulation by brain damage, respectively. Conclusions : Further analysis using protein interaction database identified some key molecules that can be used for elucidation of therapeutical mechanism of Carthami Flos extract in future.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1983

자연해안(自然海岸)에 호안등(護岸等) 구조물(構造物)과 새로운 용지(用地)의 확보(確保)를 위해 매립(埋立)을 행(行)하였을 경우 이에 수반되는 예기(豫期)치 않던 지형변화(地形變化) 해안공학상(海岸工學上) 커다란 문제점(問題點)으로 대두(擡頭)되고 있다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 최근(最近) 사빈침식(砂濱侵蝕)이 심(甚)하게 얼어나고 있는 해운대사빈(海雲臺砂濱)의 침식방지(侵蝕防止) 및 양빈공법(養濱工法)을 모색(摸索)할 목적(目的)으로 사빈(砂濱)의 단면변화특성(斷面變化特性)을 안정적(安定的)으로 진단(診斷)하고자 하였으며 다음과 같은 해석방법(解析方法)에 의해 진단(診斷)을 행(行)하였다. (1) 현장실측자료(現場實測資料)에 의해 사질단면(砂質斷面)의 경년적변화(徑年的變化)를 조사(調査)하였다. (2) 저질특성(底質特性)에 의한 단면(斷面)의 형성(形成) 및 진행상태(進行狀態)를 고찰(考察)하였다. (3) Malkov chain model에 의한 이론적(理論的) 고찰방법(考察方法)을 해운대사빈(海雲臺砂濱)에 적용(適用)하고 단면(斷面)의 천이특성(遷移特性)을 한정(限定)된 단면형상(斷面形狀) 천이(遷移) model로 확정(確定)하여 단면변화(斷面變化)의 주행특성(走行特性)을 파악(把握)하였다. (4) 해운대사빈(海雲臺砂濱)의 천이(遷移) model 해석결과(解析結果)로서 매수면상(梅水面上)(MSL)의 저류표사량((貯溜漂砂量)을 확정(確定)하는 형상함수(形狀凾數)에 의해 결정(決定)된 자연사빈(自然砂濱)의 저류표사량산정식((貯溜漂砂量算定式)이 호안(護岸)과 같은 해안구조물(海岸構造物) 설치(設置)된 사빈단면砂濱(斷面) 저류표사량산정((貯溜漂砂量算定)에도 유용(有用)하게 적용(適用)될 수 있음을 검토확인(檢討確認)하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.206-216
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• 2000

저자는 1996년 1월에서 1998년 10월까지 본원에서 하악지시상분할골절단술을 시행한 하악전돌증환자중 35명(남자15명, 여자 20명)을 무작위로 선정하여 수술전, 수술직후 및 술후 1년의 하악각변화를 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 35명 환자의 하악각평균은 술직후에는 술전에 비해 $9.3^{\circ}$ 감소하였다가 술후 1년까지 $4.0^{\circ}$증가하여 술전에 비해 술후 1년의 하악각은 $5.3^{\circ}$감소하였다(p<0.01). 2. 35명 환자의 악교정수술전 하악각평균은 $129.4^{\circ}({\pm}6.27)$로 정상에 비해 유의있게 큰 값을 보였으며 하악지시상분할골절단술 후 1년의 하악각평균은 $124.1^{\circ}({\pm}6.33)$로 비교적 개선되었다. 3. 술전과 술후 1년 사이의 남녀의 하악각변화는 여자는 $5.4^{\circ}$감소, 남자는 $5.3^{\circ}$감소로서 남녀간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 4. 35명의 하악지시상분할골절단술을 받은 환자의 술전과 술후 1년 사이의 하악각변화에서 하악각감소에 관여하는 가장 주요한 변수는 하악후퇴량이었다. 5. 35명의 하악지시상분할골절단술을 받은 환자의 술직후부터 술후 1년까지의 하악각변화에서 하악각증가에 관여하는 가장 주요한 요인은 수평회귀율이었으며 원심골편후방부의 흡수현상도 하악각증가에 관여하는 것으로 생각되었다. 결론적으로 하악전돌증 환자에 있어 하악각이 정상보다 큰 경우 하악지시상분할골절단술은 하악각개선에 효과적이었으며 하악각이 정상에 가깝고 과도한 하악후퇴량이 요구되는 경우는 Short lingual cut 방법, 부가적인 원심골편의 후방변연절제술, Obwegeser II 방법과 같은 하악우각부 형태를 유지하는 수술법을 선택함이 유리할 것으로 예상되고 술후 회귀방지책이 안정된 하악각유지에도 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1154-1164
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• 2002

Losses on the turbine consist of the mechanical loss, tip clearance loss, secondary flow loss and blade profile loss etc.,. More than 60 % of total losses on the turbine is generated by the two latter loss mechanisms. These losses are directly related with the reduction of turbine efficiency. In order to provide a new design methodology for reducing losses and increasing turbine efficiency, a two-dimensional axial-type turbine blade shape is modified by the optimization process with two-dimensional compressible flow analysis codes, which are validated by the experimental results on the VKI turbine blade. A turbine blade profile is selected at the mean radius of turbine rotor using on a heavy duty gas turbine, and optimized at the operating condition. Shape parameters, which are employed to change the blade shape, are applied as design variables in the optimization process. Aerodynamic, mechanical and geometric constraints are imposed to ensure that the optimized profile meets all engineering restrict conditions. The objective function is the pitchwise area averaged total pressure at the 30% axial chord downstream from the trailing edge. 13 design variables are chosen for blade shape modification. A 10.8 % reduction of total pressure loss on the turbine rotor is achieved by this process, which is same as a more than 1% total-to-total efficiency increase. The computed results are compared with those using 11 design variables, and show that optimized results depend heavily on the accuracy of blade design.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1718-1734
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• 2009

The aim of this review is to address some characteristics that influence meat quality. Genetic groups, nutrition, finishing systems and gender are the major factors that change carcass characteristics, chemical composition and fatty acid profile. Genetic groups that have zebu genes in their composition show higher hot carcass dressing than genetic groups without zebu genes. Genetic groups that have European breeds in their composition have higher marbling scores. On the other hand, genetic groups that have zebu breeds show low marbling scores. Bulls finished in feedlots present higher final weight than steers, cull cows and heifers. Fat thickness is one of the principal parameters that are affected by different gender. Cull cows (4.72 mm) and heifers (4.00 mm) present higher values than bulls (1.75 mm) and steers (2.81 mm). The major effects observed by different systems of termination are fat thickness and marbling. Crude protein presents variation due to nutrition. Nutrition influences variation of fatty acid profile. Genetic groups also influence fatty acid profile. Genetic groups that have zebu genes in their composition show high percentage of PUFA. The major class of fatty acids that is changed with nutrition is PUFA. The better ratios of PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 are found in Longissimus muscle of animals finished in pasture systems.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.75-91
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• 2005

인터넷의 발전과 성장은 웹상에서의 정보의 량에 있어서 폭발적인 성장을 가져 왔다. 이러한 웹상에서의 정보량의 증가는 정보이용자의 요구와 필요에 맞는 정보 제공을 위한 서비스로서 웹기반의 개인화서비스에 대한 요구를 더욱 더 강조하게 되었다. 개인화서비스는 정보이용자의 요구와 필요에 의해 현실화 될 수 있으며 이러한 정보이용자의 관심사와 정보요구는 지속적으로 또한 급격하게 변화되고 있다. 웹상의 수많은 정보로부터 정보이용자의 요구와 필요를 만족 시킬 수 있기 위하여 본 논고에서는 이용자의 관심과 요구를 표현하기 위하여 이용자 프로파일 정보를 이용하였으며 이러한 이용자의 프로파일 정보는 이용자의 요구와 흥미에 대한 변화를 반영하기 위하여 지속적으로 갱신하였다. 본고에서는 정보이용자의 정보요구와 흥미의 변화를 지속적으로 이용자프로파일에 반영하기 위한 방안으로서 학습알고리즘을 제안하였다. 정보이용자의 정보에 대한 피드백을 기반으로 이용자의 정보에 대한 흥미와 요구는 본 고에서 제안한 학습알고리즘을 통하여 지속적으로 갱신 되므로서 정보이용자에게 보다 정확한 정보를 제공할 수 있다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 학습알고리즘은 보다 개선된 하이브리드 정보추천시스템에 적용하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2015

Objective : We compared the clinical and radiographic outcomes of stand-alone polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage and Zero-Profile anchored spacer (Zero-P) for single level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 121 patients who underwent single level ACDF within 2 years (Jan 2011-Jan 2013) in a single institute. Total 50 patients were included for the analysis who were evaluated more than 2-year follow-up. Twenty-nine patients were allocated to the cage group (m : f=19 : 10) and 21 for Zero-P group (m : f=12 : 9). Clinical (neck disability index, visual analogue scale arm and neck) and radiographic (Cobb angle-segmental and global cervical, disc height, vertebral height) assessments were followed at pre-operative, immediate post-operative, post-3, 6, 12, and 24 month periods. Results : Demographic features and the clinical outcome showed no difference between two groups. The change between final follow-up (24 months) and immediate post-op of Cobb-segmental angle (p=0.027), disc height (p=0.002), vertebral body height (p=0.033) showed statistically better outcome for the Zero-P group than the cage group, respectively. Conclusion : The Zero-Profile anchored spacer has some advantage after cage for maintaining segmental lordosis and lowering subsidence rate after single level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

• 대기
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2014

In this study, thermal tropopause height defined from WMO (World Meteorological Organization) using temperature profile derived from Advance Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A; hereafter named AMSU) onboard EOS (Earth Observing System) Aqua satellite is retrieved. The temperature profile of AMSU was validated by comparison with the radiosonde data observed at Osan weather station. The validation in the upper atmosphere from 500 to 100 hPa pressure level showed that correlation coefficients were in the range of 0.85~0.97 and the bias was less than 1 K with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of ~3 K. Thermal tropopause height was retrieved by using AMSU temperature profile. The bias and RMSE were found to be -5~ -37 hPa and 45~67 hPa, respectively. Correlation coefficients were in the range of 0.5 to 0.7. We also analyzed the change of tropopause height and temperature in middle troposphere in the extreme heavy rain event (23 October, 2003) associated with tropopause folding. As a result, the distinct descent of tropopause height and temperature decrease of ~8 K at 500 hPa altitude were observed at the hour that maximum precipitation and maximum wind speed occurred. These results were consistent with ERA (ECMWF Reanalysis)-Interim data (potential vorticity, temperature) in time and space.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2017

A tee is the most common pipefitting used to combine or divide fluid flow. Tees can connect pipes of different diameters or change the direction of a pipe run. To manufacture tee type of stainless steel pipe, combinations of punch piercing and burr forming have been widely used in the industry. However, such method is considerably time consuming with regard to performing empirical work necessary to attain process conditions to prevent upper end tearing of the tee product and meet target tee height. Numerous experiments have shown that the piercing profile is the main cause of defects mentioned above. Furthermore, the mold design is formed through trial and error according to pipe diameters and changes in requirements. Thus, the objective of this study was to perform piercing and burring process analysis via finite element analysis using DYNAFORM to resolve problems mentioned above. An optimization design method was used to determine the piercing punch profile. Three radii of the piercing punch (i.e., large, small, and joined radii) were selected as design variables to minimize thinning of a tee pipe. Based on results of correlation and multiple regression analyses, we developed a predictive approximation model to satisfy requirements for both thickness reduction and target height. The new piercing punch profile was then applied to actual tee forming using the developed prediction equation. Model results were found to be in good agreement with experimental results.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.202-211
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• 2023

The profile shops in shipyards produce section steels required for block production of ships. Due to the limitations of shipyard's production capacity, a considerable amount of work is already outsourced. In addition, the need to improve the productivity of the profile shops is growing because the production volume is expected to increase due to the recent boom in the shipbuilding industry. In this study, a scheduling optimization was conducted for a parallel welding line of the profile process, with the aim of minimizing tardiness and the number of set-up changes as objective functions to achieve productivity improvements. In particular, this study applied a dynamic scheduling method to determine the job sequence considering variability of processing time. A Markov decision process model was proposed for the job sequence problem, considering the trade-off relationship between two objective functions. Deep reinforcement learning was also used to learn the optimal scheduling policy. The developed algorithm was evaluated by comparing its performance with priority rules (SSPT, ATCS, MDD, COVERT rule) in test scenarios constructed by the sampling data. As a result, the proposed scheduling algorithms outperformed than the priority rules in terms of set-up ratio, tardiness, and makespan.