• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2011

산업부문에서 '저탄소 녹색성장'의 달성 가능성은 기존 화석연료 사용의 의존도를 줄이는 것이 장기적으로 산업 생산성의 향상으로 이어질 수 있느냐에 달려 있다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 제조업을 대상으로 에너지절약시설에 대한 투자가 산업 생산성에 미치는 장단기 파급효과를 분석하는 이론적 모형을 제시하고 계량분석기법을 통하여 통계적 유의성 유무를 검증하였다. 에너지절약시설에 투자할 경우 단기적으로는 투자지출이 늘어나 생산비용이 증가하는 '측정효과'와 기술혁신을 위한 신규투자가 지연되는 부(負)의 '실질효과', 장기적으로는 에너지집약도가 개선되어 생산비용이 절감되는 정(正)의 '실질효과' 등이 나타날 수 있다. 산업 생산성의 변화를 설명하는 데 있어서 에너지절약시설 투자규모의 내생성 문제를 해결하기 위하여 2SLS 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 생산액 대비 에너지 투입비용이 상대적으로 높은 제조업 5개 부문을 대상으로 1982년~2006년까지의 연도별 자료를 사용하여 에너지절약시설 투자의 생산성 파급효과 여부를 검증한 결과 화학제품산업을 제외하고 4개 부문에서는 해당 추정계수의 통계적 유의성이 기각되었다. 화학제품산업의 경우 부(負)의 '실질효과'가 정(正)의 '실질효과'를 압도하며 에너지절약시설 투자비용 대비 에너지비용 절감효과는 상대적으로 미미한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2009

Objectives : To estimate the annual socioeconomic costs of stroke in Korea in 2005 from a societal perspective. Methods : We identified those 20 years or older who had at least one national health insurance (NHI) claims record with a primary or a secondary diagnosis of stroke (ICD-10 codes: I60-I69, G45) in 2005. Direct medical costs of the stroke were measured from the NHI claims records. Direct non-medical costs were estimated as transportation costs incurred when visiting the hospitals. Indirect costs were defined as patients and caregivers productivity loss associated with office visits or hospitalization. Also, the costs of productivity loss due to premature death from stroke were calculated. Results : A total of 882,143 stroke patients were identified with prevalence for treatment of stroke at 2.44%. The total cost for the treatment of stroke in the nation was estimated to be 3,737 billion Korean won (KRW) which included direct costs at 1,130 billion KRW and indirect costs at 2,606 billion KRW. The per-capita cost of stroke was 3 million KRW for men and 2 million KRW for women. The total national spending for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke was 1,323 billion KRW and 1,553 billion KRW, respectively, which together consisted of 77.0% of the total cost for stroke. Costs per patient for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke were estimated at 6 million KRW and 2 million KRW, respectively. Conclusions : Stroke is a leading public health problem in Korea in terms of the economic burden. The indirect costs were identified as the largest component of the overall cost.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2012

This paper aims to develop the adequate quality cost model at a company which delivers ICT(information communication technology) services. One particular business unit was in the first instance selected and quality costs were then analysed at an organization level, for a department and for specific processes. Some areas were determined for quality improvement at each level and their causes were also investigated. However, the existing PAF(prevention, appraisal and failure) models reveled some limitations because the ICT services company included the different number of large and complicated business processes. The PAF model did not sufficiently highlight the detailed causes of failure costs. It did not also stimulate the relevant department's strong responsibility to improve such problems. Both micro PAF and process cost models were proposed in order to cope with this. In final, it explains the relationship between six sigma and quality costing, suggesting how to use the quality costing results as a means of promoting either continuous improvement or innovation in a case company.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2023

In this paper, building information modelling (BIM) associated to the principle of significant items emerged at quantities and costs in the optimization of productivity related to the rehabilitation of the building where proposed and discussed. A quantitative and qualitative study related to the field of application based on some parameters such as pathology diagnosis, projects documents and bills of quantities were used for model development at the preliminary stage of this work. The study identified 14 quantities significant items specified to cost value based on the use of the 80/20 Pareto rule, through the integration of building information modelling (BIM) in the optimisation of labour productivity for rehabilitation of buildings. The results of this study reveal the reliability and the improvement of labour productivity using building information modelling process integrating quantities and cost significant items.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.783-791
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• 2000

Increasing demands in productivity are propelling the development of new manufacturing methods like hard machining, high speed cutting (HSC) or machining of difficult to machine materials. In these processes the toois are subjected to very severe mechanical, tribological and thermal loads. They fail prematurely by abrasion, cratering, edge breakage and cold welding. The performance of such tools will be enhanced by better and more wear resistant coatings. The development of these new coatings shows a clear trend towards complex multi-component and multi-layer configurations. TiAIN multilayer coating belongs to these coatings for the new cutting tool generation. This paper tries to explain the benefits of the new coatings. TiAIN multilayer coating offers the following advantages: reduction of manufacturing costs. boost productivity, and lower coolant procurement, conditioning and disposal costs.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1997년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.749-754
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• 1997

Nowadays domestic building market has undergone several changes. Labor costs are too high and materials are in short supply. These raised building costs and therefore lowered productivity. At this point it is the best way to reduce manual labor and find alternative materials that can improve productivity. In the building process form work take the most part of it. So many formwork systems were developed to reduce the construction period and labor cost. But their technical improvements just limited to adjust form shape-the role of form is not changed. This research developed a new formwork systems that can function to unify or minimze the unit process with cast-in-place type permanent form. In former study (reported in '97 spring seminar), we did the assembling test with column and beam clamps. Furthermore, In this paper, we examined the total systems of form erections and evaluated the structural performances.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.320-323
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• 2002

This paper discusses process design of cold forging for inner tooth part, drum clutch. In respect to high productivity, low material consumption and low piece production costs, Metal forming has more merits than machining process. Net shape forming is huh technology which satisfies merits of metal forming and achieves high accuracy. Recently, net shape forming method widely applied because of high productivity, low material consumption and low piece production costs using press. In this study, the method which accuracy of drum clutch, automatic transmission pin, can be improved is discussed. First, process variables for process design of drum clutch are selected, and then process design is accomplished using forming analysis method. from forming analysis, forming load, stress, unfiling part is obtained. and comparing these results, optimal process design can be determined.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Clearcutting has been the dominant harvesting method in British Columbia (representing 95% of the total area harvested annually). However forest managers are increasingly recommending the use of alternative silvicultural systems and harvest methods, including various types of partial cutting, to meet ecological and social objectives. In this study we compared harvesting productivity and harvesting costs between treatments through detailed and shift level time studies in 300-350 year-old Interior Cedar-Hemlock stands in British Columbia, Canada. Recommendations for improving operational planning/layout and the implementation of clearcut and partial cutting silvicultural systems were made. Harvesting costs varied in the ground-based clearcut treatments from $10.95/$m^3$ - $15.96/$m^3$ and $16.09/$m^3$ - $16.93/$m^3$ in the group selection treatments. The ground-based group retention treatment had a cost of $13.39/$m^3$, while the cable clearcut had a cost of $15.70/$m^3$. An understanding of the traditional and alternative wood products that could be derived from the harvested timber was imperative to increasing the amount of merchantable volume and reducing the corresponding harvesting costs. Stand damage was greatest in the group selection treatments; however, mechanized felling showed an increase in stand damage over manual felling while grapple skidding showed a decrease in skidding damage compared to line skidding.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2014

Land-based seaweed (Gracilaria) cultivation systems may provide products with high quality and biosafety for human consumption, as well as for other high value applications. However, a limitation for this land based system is high management costs. The objective of this study was to determine if the management costs for Gracilaria cultivation can be reduced without a decrease in productivity by using $CO_2$ injection along with a high stocking density and high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and commercially available fertilizers. When Gracilaria tikvahiae was cultivated at a high stocking density and high PAR, coupled with $CO_2$ enhancement, the productivity was significantly higher than that at a lower stocking density, low light without $CO_2$ injection. We also found that G. tikvahiae grown in a medium of commercially available fertilizer (Jack's Special, JS) showed a similar growth rate and productivity to that grown in von Stosch's enriched (VSE) seawater, while the cost for JS media is only 2% of the cost for VSE. These results suggest that $CO_2$ injection and commercial fertilizer may be a potential way to provide sustainability in land-based Gracilaria cultivation systems.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.2216-2225
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 제약조건중 절삭조건 뿐만 아니라 작업 가공 목표, 즉 현장에 서 중요시하는 표면조도를 제약조건에 첨가하여 가공조건의 최적화를 꾀하였다. 또 한 앞의 논문들에서 적응제어나 R-T-F의 개념으로 경제성으로 고려한 최적 절삭 조건 을 구하였으나 본 논문에서는 국내 업체의 노무비 및 간접비로 최소 가공비를 구하고, 이에 대응하는 최적 절삭 속도 및 최대 생산율을 검토하였다. 그리고 이송변화에 따 른 최적 절삭 속도의 영향을 검토하여 생산 가공의 경제성을 제고하였다. 또한 각 업체의 선삭작업에 해당하는 입력 데이터만으로 경제성을 고려한 최적 절삭 조건의 자 동 설정을 하기 위한 프로그램을 구축하였다. 그러므로 이와같은 방법으로 현재 업 체의 장비와 인원만으로 기계 가공의 최적 조건 선정을 자동화 하므로써 생산성 향상 과 원가 절감의 효과를 극대화 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.