• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.302-303
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• 2018

This study analyzed the major revision factors and revision contents for 'Construction-Standard-Production-Rate for Construction Works in 2018. Part 16. Pipe Laying Down and Connection" which was revised by the construction expense estimation standard's middle and long-term plans. The main reasons for the revision was analyzed to be unclear construction scope, limitations in applicable pipe material based on the facility type, labor force mainly composed of ordinary workers, limitations of labor force, and incomplete appropriation standard for the tool rent fee and equipment expenses. Through revision of factors, common items were newly established, organization was revised, the labor force was mainly composed of the technicians, and basis for appropriation of equipment expenses was arranged. In addition, through periodic revision, the appropriation standard for bend and special pipes was set. Consequently, more practical construction cost estimate standard is arranged through revision.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2003

In this regard, the newly focused logistics information system makes reducing the expenses of whole logistic available by cutting down the expenses of materials, transportation and stock and also, it allows the company to cut down the procurement expense through the reduced lead-time and rationalize producing plans by eliminating the uncertain orders and fluctuation in procurement. It further more optimizes the efficiency of over all productions by meeting the dead line for delivery to the customers. In the recent environment of globalization where fierce competitions exist between manufacturers, logistics plays important role in the strategies of companies, and managements of companies try their best efforts in establishing the strategy to accomplish the innovative relationship between supply chain channels. Therefore, in this study, we try to suggest the model of consolidated logistics system that is integrated logistics information system with suggesting the better way of logistics and comparative analysis with logistics system to resolve the difficulties numbers of companies face after realizing what logistics information system is in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.93-96
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• 2003

In this regard, the newly focused logistics information system makes reducing the expenses of whole logistic available by cutting down the expenses of materials, transportation and stock and also, it allows the company to cut down the procurement expense through the reduced lead-time and rationalize producing plans by eliminating the uncertain orders and fluctuation in procurement. It further more optimizes the efficiency of over all productions by meeting the dead line for delivery to the customers. In the recent environment of globalization where fierce competitions exist between manufacturers, logistics plays important role in the strategies of companies, and managements of companies try their best efforts in establishing the strategy to accomplish the innovative relationship between supply chain channels. Therefore, in this study, we try to suggest the model of consolidated logistics system that is integrated logistics information system with suggesting the better way of logistics and comparative analysis with logistics system to resolve the difficulties numbers of companies face after realizing what logistics information system is in Korea.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2012

Due to the potential importance and usefulness, usage of highly ordered nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide can be broadened in industry, when highly ordered anodized aluminum oxide can be placed on a substrate with controlled thickness. Here we report a facile route to highly ordered nanoporous alumina with the thickness of hundreds-of-nanometer on a silicon wafer substrate. Hexagonally or tetragonally ordered nanoporous alumina could be prepared by way of thermal imprinting, dry etching, and anodization. Adoption of reusable polymer soft molds enabled the control of the thickness of the highly ordered porous alumina. It also increased reproducibility of imprinting process and reduced the expense for mold production and pattern generation. As nanoporous alumina templates are mechanically and thermally stable, we expect that the simple and costeffective fabrication through our method would be highly applicable in electronics industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.85-90
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• 1998

The business of manufacturing is increasingly becoming time-compressing, precise and long-life oriented, owing to various needs from the consumers and harsh global competition. With the emergence of the layer laminate manufacturing method, it is possible to produce prototypes directly from 3D CAD and additive process, the production time and cost have shortened dramatically. However there are some problems like surface-step, dimensional deviation and warp. A newly developed powder casting is suitable for rapid-manufacturing metallic tools. Powder casting can serve as a promising rapid tooling method because of high density characteristics and low dimensional shrinkage below 0.1％ during sintering and infiltration. By this process, we have realized significant time savings bypassing the wait for prototype tooling and cost savings eliminating the expense of conventional prototype tooling process.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.5-10
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• 2018

Nuclear energy issues such as safety and social acceptance can not only influence the production costs of generating nuclear power, but also the external costs that are not reflected in market prices. Consequently, the social issues affiliated with nuclear power, beyond a severe accident, require some form of financial expense. The external social issues considered here are accident risk and realization, regulatory costs, and nuclear energy policy costs. Through several calculations and analyses of these external costs for nuclear power generation, it is concluded that these costs range from 7 to 27 \/kWh. Considering external costs are required for making energy plans, it could have an influence on generation costs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.169-170
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• 2020

Occupational Safety and Health Management Cost, used to protect workers in Korean construction worksites and to create safe working environments, is a legally managed expense item. As this cost item is grounded on the Occupational Safety and Health Act, it is always implemented. However, because there is a ceiling on its rates, insufficient amounts of Safety Management Costs are often allocated to worksites, with the money not being used to areas essential to worker safety. As such, the current study raises the need to develop a set of standards to enable some items under the Occupational Safety and Health Management Costs-appropriated under the rate of indirect costs-to be appropriated as direct construction costs. As a preliminary step in this effort, the current study will provide basic data that can be used to create construction cost calculation standards for items that can be calculated as direct construction costs.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.225-236
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• 1996

Computer simulation methods for three area of textile design, wearing, and design were developed by using CAD system, and its results were applied to pattern design simulation. Textile design created by using the CAD system was applied to T-shirt schematization. Created wearing, printing, and knitting design respectively were applied to women clothing, children's wear, and men sweater. In this rearch, several equipped since various color working, materials, pattern development and swift intention decision of goods direction are possible on the moniter. Third, many goods order are rushed within short time because spot direction are possible on the moniter. Third, many goods order are rushed within short time because intention decision of buyer could be induced and embodied design almost reflection the buyer's will on the spot before production of goods and samples. Forth, time and expense were saved to get the information in terms of design information systematically and could be managed annually. Fifth, creative design development can be not only availed but saved the service expense of outside orders and the traffic expense.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1464-1469
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of red ginseng by-product (RGB) on the laying performance, blood biochemistry, and microbial population in laying hens. A total of 120 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (75 weeks old) were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments with 4 replicates per treatment. A commercial-type basal diet was prepared, and 2 additional diets were prepared by supplementing 5.0 or 10.0 g/kg of RGB to the basal diet at the expense of corn. The diets were fed to hens on an ad libitum basis for 4 weeks. There were no differences in feed intake, egg weight, and feed conversion ratio during 4 weeks of the feeding trial. However, hen-day egg production was significantly greater (p<0.05) for the RGB treatment groups than that for the basal treatment group. There were no differences in triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase during the 4-week feeding trial. However, RGB supplementation increased (p<0.05) the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM content compared with basal treatment group. The total cholesterol was lower (p<0.05) in the RGB treatments groups than that in the basal treatment group. The intestinal Lactobacillus population was greater (p<0.05) for the RGB treatments groups than that for the basal treatment group. However, the numbers of Salmonella and Escherichia coli were not different among dietary treatments. During the entire experiment, there was no significant difference in egg quality among all the treatments. In conclusion, in addition to improving hen-day production, there were positive effects of dietary RGB supplementation on serum immunoglobulin and cholesterol levels in laying hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1607-1614
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• 2011

This trial was conducted to determine the effects of including canola protein concentrate in diets fed to broiler chickens on nutrient digestibility and broiler performance (0-21 days). A total of 180, day-old, male broiler chicks weighing an average of 52.8${\pm}$0.6 g were assigned to one of six dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The control diet was based on corn and soybean meal and contained 15% canola meal. The experimental diets contained 3, 6, 9, 12 or 15% canola protein concentrate added at the expense of canola meal. There were five birds per pen and six replicate pens per treatment. Feed and water were available ad libitum throughout the 21-day experiment. Chromic oxide (0.35%) was added to all diets as a digestibility marker and was fed throughout the experimental period. The digestibility of dry matter, energy and phosphorus increased linearly (p<0.01) with increasing levels of canola protein concentrate. Although nutrient digestibility was higher for birds fed diets containing canola protein concentrate, these improvements did not translate into improvements in broiler performance. Weight gain was unaffected (p = 0.24) by level of canola protein concentrate. Feed intake was significantly increased (p<0.01) with the result that feed conversion tended to be poorer (p = 0.07) for birds fed diets containing canola protein concentrate. Mortality was also unaffected (p = 0.56) by dietary treatment.