DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Red Ginseng By-product on Laying Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Serum Immunoglobulin and Microbial Population in Laying Hens

  • Kang, H.K. (Poultry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Park, S.-B. (Poultry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA) ;
  • Kim, C.H. (Poultry Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
  • Received : 2015.08.12
  • Accepted : 2015.11.13
  • Published : 2016.10.01

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of red ginseng by-product (RGB) on the laying performance, blood biochemistry, and microbial population in laying hens. A total of 120 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (75 weeks old) were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments with 4 replicates per treatment. A commercial-type basal diet was prepared, and 2 additional diets were prepared by supplementing 5.0 or 10.0 g/kg of RGB to the basal diet at the expense of corn. The diets were fed to hens on an ad libitum basis for 4 weeks. There were no differences in feed intake, egg weight, and feed conversion ratio during 4 weeks of the feeding trial. However, hen-day egg production was significantly greater (p<0.05) for the RGB treatment groups than that for the basal treatment group. There were no differences in triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase during the 4-week feeding trial. However, RGB supplementation increased (p<0.05) the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM content compared with basal treatment group. The total cholesterol was lower (p<0.05) in the RGB treatments groups than that in the basal treatment group. The intestinal Lactobacillus population was greater (p<0.05) for the RGB treatments groups than that for the basal treatment group. However, the numbers of Salmonella and Escherichia coli were not different among dietary treatments. During the entire experiment, there was no significant difference in egg quality among all the treatments. In conclusion, in addition to improving hen-day production, there were positive effects of dietary RGB supplementation on serum immunoglobulin and cholesterol levels in laying hens.

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Aarlington, VA, USA.
  2. Ao, X., T. X. Zhou, H. J. Kim, S. M. Hong, and I. H. Kim. 2011. Influence of fermented red ginseng extract on broilers and laying hens. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 24:993-1000. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.10450
  3. Cheung, S. C. M., Y. T. Szeto, and I. F.F. Benzie. 2007. Antioxidant protection of edible oils. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 62:39-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-006-0040-6
  4. Eisen, E. J., B. B. Bohren, and H. E. McKean. 1965. The haugh unit as a measure of egg albumen quality. Poult. Sci. 41:1461-1468.
  5. Ernst, E. 2010. Panax ginseng: An overview of the clinical evidence. J. Ginseng Res. 34:259-263. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2010.34.4.259
  6. Gillis, C. N. 1997. Panax ginseng pharmacology: A nitric oxide link? Biochem. Pharmacol. 54:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00193-7
  7. Han, K., I. C. Shin, K. J. Choi, Y. P. Yun, J. T. Hong, and K. W. Oh. 2005. Korea red ginseng water extract increases nitric oxide concentrations in exhaled breath. Nitric Oxide 12:159-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2005.02.001
  8. Hu, Y. J., Y. C. Lin, G. L. Zhou, and D. Q. Yu. 2003. Effect of Chinese extracts on performance and T lymphocyte cell subset of yellow broilers. China Poult. 12:14-17.
  9. Jang, H. D., H. J. Kim, J. H. Cho, Y. J. Chen, J. S. Yoo, B. J. Min, J. C. Park, and I. H. Kim. 2007. Effect of dietary supplementation of fermented wild-ginseng culture byproducts on egg productivity, egg quality, blood characteristics and ginsenoside concentration of yolk in laying hen. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 34:271-278. https://doi.org/10.5536/KJPS.2007.34.4.271
  10. Jenkins, K. J. and A. S. Atwal. 1994. Effects of dietary saponins on fecal bile acids and neutral sterols, and availability of vitamins A and E in the chick. J. Nutr. Biochem. 5:134-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2863(94)90084-1
  11. Jin, Y., V. S. Kotakadi, L. Ying, A. B. Hofseth, X. Cui, P. A. Wood, A. Windust, L. E. Matesic, E. A. Pena, C. Chiuzan, N. P. Singh, M. Nagarkatti, P. S. Naharkatti, M. J. Wargovich, and L. J. Hofseth. 2008. American ginseng suppresses inflammation and DNA damage associated with mouse colitis. Carcinogenesis 29:2351-2359. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgn211
  12. Kang, K. S., T. Yokozawa, N. Yambe, H. Y. Kim, and J. H. Park. 2007. ESR study on the structure and hydroxyl radicalscavenging activity relationships of ginsenosides isolate from Panax Ginseng C. A. Meyer. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30:917-921. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.917
  13. Kiefer, D. and T. Pantuso. 2003. Panax ginseng. Am. Fam. Physician 68:1539-1542.
  14. Kim, C. S., J. B. Park, K. J. Kim,S. J. Chang, S. W. Ryoo, and B. H. Jeon. 2002. Effect of Korea red ginseng on cerebral blood flow and superoxide production. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 23:1152-1156.
  15. Kim, D. C. and M. J. In. 2010. Production of hydrolyzed red ginseng residue and its application to lactic acid bacteria cultivation. J. Ginseng Res. 34:321-326. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2010.34.4.321
  16. Kim, H., I, Oh, K. H. Park, N. M. Kim, J. H. Do, and Y. Cho. 2009. Stimulatory effect of dietary red ginseng on epidermal hydration and ceramide levels in ultraviolet-irradiated hairless mice. J. Med. Food 12:746-754. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.1185
  17. Kim, Y. J., G. D. Lee, and I. H. Choi, 2015. Effects of dietary red ginseng marc on egg production, egg quality and blood characteristics of laying hens. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 43:242-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2014.928637
  18. Lee, J. H. and S. H. Cho. 2011. Korean red ginseng extract ameliorates skin lesions in NC/N ga mice: an atopic dermatitis model. J. Ethnopharmacol. 133:810-817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.020
  19. Muwalla, M. M. and N. M. Abuirmeileh. 1990. Suppression of avian hepatic cholesterogenesis by dietary ginseng. J. Nutr. Biochem. 1:518-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2863(90)90034-I
  20. NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev. edn. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
  21. Oakenfull, D. G. and G. S. Sidhu. 1990. Could saponins be a useful treatment for hypercholesterolaemia? Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 44:79-88.
  22. Park, E. K., M. K. Choo, M. J. Han, and D. H. Kim. 2004. Ginsenoside Rh 1 possesses antiallergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 133:113-120. https://doi.org/10.1159/000076383
  23. Qureshi, A. A., Z. Z. Din, N. Abuirmeleh, W. C. Burger, Y. Ahmad, and C. E. Elson. 1983. Suppression of avian hepatic lipid metabolism by solvent extracts of garlic: Impact on serum lipids. J. Nutr. 113:1746-1755. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/113.9.1746
  24. Rao, A. V. and D. M. Gurfinkel. 2000. The bioactivity of saponins:Triterpenoid and steroidal glycosides. Durg Metabol. Drug Interact. 17:211-235.
  25. Rivera, E., S. Hu, and C. Concha. 2003. Ginseng and aluminum hydroxide act synergistically as vaccine adjuvants. Vaccine 21:1149-1157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00518-2
  26. Shin, H. R., J. Y. Kim, T. K. Yun, G. Morgan, and H. Vainio. 2000. The cancer-preventive potential of Panax ginseng: A review of human and experimental evidence. Cancer Causes Control 11:565-576. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008980200583
  27. Sumiyoshi, M., M. Sakanaka, and Y. Kimura. 2010. Effects of red ginseng extract on allergic reactions to food in balb/c mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 132:206-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.012
  28. Sung, W. S. and D. G. Lee. 2008. The combination effect of Korean Red Ginseng Saponins with Kanamycin and Cefotaxime against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 31:1614-1617. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.31.1614
  29. Szeto, Y. T., J. W. M. Wong, S. C. Y. Wong, S. C. Park, and I. F. F. Benzie. 2011. DNA protective effect of ginseng and the antagonistic effect of Chinese turnip: A preliminary study. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 66:97-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-011-0209-5
  30. Thomas, D. V., A. L. Molan, and A. V. Ravindran. 2010. The ability of green tea to positively modify the gut microflora in broiler chickens. Aust. Poult. Sci. Symp. 21:203-206.
  31. Wee, J. J., M. K. Park, and A. S. Chung. 2011. Biological activities of ginseng and its application to human health. In: Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects (Eds. I. F. F. Benzie and S. Wachel-Galor). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. pp. 157-174.

Cited by

  1. Beneficial effects on skin health using polysaccharides from red ginseng by‐product vol.43, pp.8, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12961
  2. Avian influenza virus transmission is suppressed in chickens fed Lactobacillus paracasei expressing the 3D8 single-chain variable fragment protein vol.67, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1556/004.2019.060
  3. Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Cac vol.25, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040835