• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1981

The Pseudomonas infection has been increased in incidence and suspected as a cause of opportunistic pathogen. Protease and elastase produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are reported to be closely associated with pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We examined, in this work, the relationship between production of exoenzyme of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents in view of possible application to the management of Pseudomonas infection. 1. In 295 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens, 34.6% were from pus, 20.7% from sputum, 15.6% from wound including burn sites and 12.9% from urine. 2. Distribution of protease and elastase production by clinically isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa, showed that protease and elastase producing strains were 83.1%, protease producing strains were 7.5%, elastase producing strains were 2.0%, and non producing strains were 7.5%. 3. MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration) peak for tetracycline and chloramphenicol were observed at 25mcg/ml and 200mcg/ml respectively, but there were no Pseudomonas aeruginosa which correspond to MIC peak, 6.25mcg/ml. Gentamicin of aminoglycosides was highly susceptible to Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinically isolated from pus, sputum and wound sites, but susceptible to isolates from nasal discharge and urine. Regarding MIC peak of carbenicillin, 100mcg/ml, 81.8% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were from urine, 54.8% from wound including burn sites, 52.7% from pus, and 50.8% from sputum. 4. Enzyme producing strains showed no susceptibility to kanamycine and carbenicillin at low concentration, but protease producing strains tend to resistant to antimicrobial agents.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2005

Gibberellins (GAs) play important roles in plant growth and development. Fifty-four fungi were isolated from the roots of 4 kinds of Sesamum indicum plants, and the production of GAs was spectrophotometrically examined. The number of GA-producing fungi was two strains from S. indicum, four strains from Gold S. indicum, and five strains from Brown S. indicum. Eleven fungi with GAs-producing activity were incubated for seven days in 40 ml of Czapek's liquid medium at $25^{\circ}C$ and 120 rpm, and the amount of each GA in the medium was measured by gas chromatographymass spectrometery (GC-MS). Penicillium commune KNU5379 produced more $GA_3$, $GA_4$, and $GA_7$ than Gibberella fujikuroi, Fusarium proliferatum, and Neurospora crassa which are known as GAs-producing fungi. GAs-producing activity of the P. commune KNU5379 was shown to produce 71.69 ng of $GA_1$, 252.42 ng of $GA_3$, 612.00 ng of $GA_4$, 259.00 ng of $GA_7$, and 202.69 ng of $GA_9$ in 25 ml of liquid medium. Bioassay of culture fluid of GA-producing fungi was also performed on rice sprout.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.187-197
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• 2001

Conventional design producing systems using the Internet are largely classified into two groups: a basic type in which an operator of a design producing site receives an order for manufacture of a design from a purchaser, produces the design based on the content of the received order, and delivers the produced design to the purchaser; and a type in which a purchaser inspects given designs and select one of them for purchasing. Such conventional design producing systems have following problems. Firstly, receiving an order over the internet and delivering a produced design to a purchaser has nearly the same procedure as a conventional logo design procedure with the sole exception that an order can be received through the Internet. Therefore, the production of a design still costs a great deal and takes much time. Secondly, inspecting given designs, selecting one and producing the selected design is like simply selecting a picture, and thus a purchaser is not allowed to modify a design. To solve the above problems, it is an object of the present a new solution to provide a self-design producing system and method using network, in which a purchaser searches a design database for a design suitable for the purchaser's company, determines a design database by modifying design conditions, and makes an order for manufacture of a product to which the determined design is applied, through the Internet.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 1989

The species of the slug used in this experiment is the Korean terrestrial slug (Incilaria fruhstorferi), which is examined for the cytochemical and ultrastructural research on the mucous granule-producing cells and the epithelial cells. I. Epidermal tissue According to the part of the epidermal tissue of this slug, the epidermal tissue is divided into the mantle, the foot and the dorsal epidermis. These epidennal tissue are composed of the irregular simple columnar epithelium, which are formed into the sensory epithelial cells, the supporting epithelial cells, the mucous granule-producing cells, and the clear epithelial cells are similar to the sensory epithelial cells. Both the sensory epithelial cells and the supporting epithelial cells are observed between the mantle and the foot epidermis, but the clear epithelial cells are only seen in the dorsal epidermis. II. Mucous granule-producing cell The acid mucous granule-producing cells and the neutral mucous granule producing cells are observed between the irregular simple columnar epithelium of the mantle, the foot and the dorsal epidermis. According to the part of the epidermal tissue, the number of these mucous granule-producing epithelial cells are differently distributed between the epidermis respectively.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.36-47
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• 2021

Objective: This study determined the optimal ratio of whole plant corn silage (WPCS) to corn stover (stems+leaves) silage (CSS) (WPCS:CSS) to reach the greatest profit of dairy farmers and evaluated its consequences with corn available for other purposes, enteric methane production and milk nitrogen efficiency (MNE) at varying milk production levels. Methods: An optimization model was developed. Chemical composition, rumen undegradable protein and metabolizable energy (ME) of WPCS and CSS from 4 cultivars were determined to provide data for the model. Results: At production levels of 0, 10, 20, and 30 kg milk/cow/d, the WPCS:CSS to maximize the profit of dairy farmers was 16:84, 22:78, 44:56, and 88:12, respectively, and the land area needed to grow corn plants was 4.5, 31.4, 33.4, and 30.3 ha, respectively. The amount of corn available (ton DM/ha/yr) for other purposes saved from this land area decreased with higher producing cows. However, compared with high producing cows (30 kg/d milk), more low producing cows (10 kg/d milk) and more land area to grow corn and soybeans was needed to produce the same total amount of milk. Extra land is available to grow corn for a higher milk production, leading to more corn available for other purposes. Increasing ME content of CSS decreased the land area needed, increased the profit of dairy farms and provided more corn available for other purposes. At the optimal WPCS:CSS, MNE and enteric methane production was greater, but methane production per kg milk was lower, for high producing cows. Conclusion: The WPCS:CSS to maximize the profit for dairy farms increases with decreased milk production levels. At a fixed total amount of milk being produced, high producing cows increase corn available for other purposes. At the optimal WPCS:CSS, methane emission intensity is smaller and MNE is greater for high producing cows.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.19-31
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• 2021

This study investigates how domestic entertainment companies' CSR activities, risk management, and producing abilities affect consumers' perception of their integrated brand assets. A survey was conducted on college students enrolled in a four-year university, and a total of 423 data were used for analysis. The result indicates the following. First, consumer evaluation of economic activity and philanthropic activity showed a positive causal relationship with the perception of integrated brand assets. Second, the higher the risk management and producing ability on evaluation of entertainment companies, the more positive the perception of integrated brand assets. Third, the main effect of producing ability was found to be significant among the four companies. In addition, regardless of the evaluation level of CSR activities and risk management, the group with a high producing ability evaluation showed a higher perception of integrated brand assets than the group with a low level of evaluation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.248-258
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• 2022

Objective: This research investigated the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) on the implantation rate and embryo attachment in mice. Methods: In this experimental study, a DNA fragment of the HCG gene was cloned into an expression vector, which was transfected into PBMCs. The concentration of the produced HCG was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Embryo attachment was investigated on the co-cultured endometrial cells and PBMCs in vitro. As an in vivo experiment, intrauterine administration of PBMCs was done in plaque-positive female mice. Studied mice were distributed into five groups: control, embryo implantation dysfunction (EID), EID with produced HCG, EID with PBMCs, and EID with HCG-producing PBMCs. Uterine horns were excised to characterize the number of implantation sites and pregnancy rate on day 7.5 post-coitum. During an implantation window, the mRNA expression of genes was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: DNA fragments were cloned between the BamHI and EcoRI sites in the vector. About 465 pg/mL of HCG was produced in the transfected PBMCs. The attachment rate, pregnancy rate, and the number of implantation sites were substantially higher in the HCG-producing PBMCs group than in the other groups. Significantly elevated expression of the target genes was observed in the EID with HCG-producing PBMCs group. Conclusion: Alterations in gene expression following the intrauterine injection of HCG-producing PBMCs, could be considered a possible cause of increased embryo attachment rate, pregnancy rate, and the number of implantation sites.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.5-14
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• 2011

Opening agricultural market expansion, reduced purchases through wholesale markets, expanding the influence large retailers of consumer's market such as changes in the distribution system to the farmer's market conditions are changing rapidly. Because of this, retailers of the scaled and chain-store operations was centered on distribution environmental changes of the consumer market place. In producing area due to changes in market conditions in the agricultural production of in producing area distribution organization and the size distribution can not be put off no longer challenge is imminent. If it do not raise forces banded together, the producer is bound to remain as the weak. To support the distribution of this production was introduced in 2000 enable the Activation Project of in producing area distribution. Recent in producing area Changes of Agricultural conditions in order to cope with the Small-scale farmers and small individual farmers are becoming Scaled and specialized. Also, is specific to each item and regional is showing aspects. Government support for Activation Project of in producing area distribution is greatly improved, but in terms of competitiveness on the market still is showing the limitations. The most common of these problems, the market response if in producing area producer's organization and scale of the problem. Equipped for the purpose of consumer market place responsiveness unreasonable propelled outward from the Painter-sized weakens the organizational power. also, Difficult to succeed organizational size is a dissolution or anything within a few years, farmers around the best producer organizations, such as deviation occurs is exposed to a variety of issues. In this study, previous studies refer to the recent changes in agricultural retail environment, background and needs of organization·scaled, Determine the status of the domestic in producing area organizations and derived Problems, look into Domestic and overseas of in producing area organization with best practices for enhancing the competitiveness of the proposed improvement are intended to. In the future, in producing area distribution policy would like to provide direction to the development. The results of the study showed the follwing : 1) enhance utilization and orrganized through the diversification of the agricultural Collection systems. 2) Scaled to achieve through Items of specialized a wide area marketing. 3) Management operating units, such as installation and operating that overseas the best practices " Comite Economique Agricole Regional 'Fruits et Legumes' de Bretagne". 4) To establish a support system that in producing area distribution organization model development for appropriate domestic. In particular, in case of domestic in producing area distribution organization, through the analysis of various case study that a successful organization and scaled. The process of the various challenges arising in organizational scaled and generalization, and by the way he goes about trying to overcome is required. At the end of the study's limitations and future research directions suggested.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.342-351
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to survey susceptibilities of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates against cefotaxime and to determine the prevalences of CTX-M type extended-spectrum $\beta$-lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in Korea. During the period of February to July, 2005, 153 E. coli and 52 K. neumoniae isolates were collected from 2 hospitals in Busan. Antimicrobial susceptibilities to cefotaxime were tested by the disk diffusion method. ESBL production of E. coli and K. pneumoniae was determined by the double disk synergy test. MICs of $\beta$-lactam antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method. Blac$_{CTX-M}$ genes of the organism were detected by PCR. Among 153 isolates of E. coli and 52 isolates of K. neumoniae, 27 (17.6%) and 25 (48.0%) were intermediate or resistant to cefotaxime, respectively. Twenty-three (15.0%) isolates out of 153 E. coli and 13 (25.0%) out of 52 K. neumoniae isolates showed positive results for ESBL by the double disk synergy test. Twenty isolates out of 23 ESBL producing E. coli and 12 out of 13 ESBL producing K. neumoniae isolates harbored biacTx-M gene,11 of ESBL producing E. coli and 12 of ESBL producing K. neuinoniae isolates harbored bla$_{CTX-M}$ gene, 11 of the ESBL producing E. coli and 2 of ESBL producing K. neumoniae isolates harbored bla$_{TEM}$ gene, and 1 of the ESBL producing E. coli and 12 of ESBL producing K. neumoniae isolates harbored bla$_{SHV}$ gene. E. coli and K. neumoniae isolates producing CTX-M-type ESBLs were not uncommon in Korea. It is thought that continuous survey are necessary for inspecting the spread and novel variants of CTX-M-type ESBL genes. Further me]'e investigation and research on ESBL producing strains are needed in order to prevent the spread of resistant bacteria.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.131-139
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• 2007

From the course of screening of useful enzyme producing microorganism from insect guts, we isolated 9 lipase producing strains and their lipase producing activities were tested. 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that they were Gram negative bacteria grouped on Serratia sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Burkholderia sp.. Among them, an excellent lipase producing strain, Burkholderia sp. HY-10 identified by 16S rDNA analysis and biochemical methods, was further studied its lipase producing characteristics. It was isolated from a longcorm beetle, Prionus insularis and showed cell density dependent lipase producing activity in the culture media that contained olive oil as a carbon source. Maximum lipase production was achieved in the M9 media containing 0.5% yeast extract and 0.5% olive oil when cultured at $30^{\circ}C$ for 36-42 hrs.