• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1073-1077
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• 2018

Nitrite plays a major role in inhibiting the growth of foodborne pathogens, including Clostridium botulinum (C. botulinum) that causes botulism, a life-threatening disease. Nitrite serves as a color-fixing agent in processed meat products. However, N-nitroso compounds can be produced from nitrite, which are considered as carcinogens. Thus, consumers desire processed meat products that contain lower concentrations (below conventional concentrations of products) of nitrite or no nitrite at all, although the portion of nitrite intake by processed meat consumption in total nitrite intake is very low. However, lower nitrite levels might expose consumers to risk of botulism poisoning due to C. botulinum or illness caused by other foodborne pathogens. Hence, lower nitrite concentrations in combination with other factors such as low pH, high sodium chloride level, and others have been recommended to decrease the risk of food poisoning. In addition, natural compounds that can inhibit bacterial growth and function as color-fixing agents have been developed to replace nitrite in processed meat products. However, their antibotulinal effects have not been fully clarified. Therefore, to have processed meat products with lower nitrite concentrations, low pH, high sodium chloride concentration, and others should also be applied together. Before using natural compounds as replacement of nitrite, their antibotulinal activities should be examined.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.460-465
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• 2018

해양심층수는 수심 200 m보다 깊은 심층(深層)에 위치하고 있어 차가운 온도를 유지하고 있으며, 대장균 및 일반세균 등에 의해서도 오염 되지 않은 깨끗한 해수이다. 해양심층수는 산업적 가치가 높은 재생순환형 자원이기 때문에 이를 상업적으로 이용하기 위한 활동이 활발히 전개되고 있다. 해양심층수를 기존 식육가공품의 염지제 대체제로서, 최적인 해양심층수 처리수를 적용한 시제품을 일반 식육가공품 소세지와 비교하여 안전성과 품질특성, 미네랄 함량차이를 알아보았다. 이를 통하여 해양심층수의 염지액 대체제로서의 가능성을 검토하고 이를 이용하여 제작한 식육가공품의 품질을 검토한 결과, 안전성과 품질특성에서는 일반 식육가공품 소세지와 차이가 없었으나, 미네랄 함량은 해양심층수를 적용한 축산가공품이 더 높았다. 이를 통하여 해양심층수는 소금의 대체제와 청정미네랄로 그 활용도가 높아서 해양심층수를 이용한 새로운 식품시장이 크게 활성화될 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 식품공전 규격 검사에 의한 안전성 평가 시험방법을 이용하여 품질검사항목 분석에 의한 품질특성 평가 및 유통기한 경과에 의한 안정성을 검토하고, 시험군과 대조군간의 미네랄 함량 시험을 진행하여 그 함량을 비교, 분석한 결과 후속 연구를 통한 식품, 의약품 및 축산업에 다양하고 차별화된 식육가공품을 제조할 수 있는 가능성이 있다고 판단하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 1999

Silicone oil has organic and inorganic properties, and its skeleton is polysiloxane bonding that silicon is bonded hydrogen or organic group. Silicone compounds are very smooth and lubricant properties by low surface tension, low temperature dependence, and nonadhesive properties. Because of these properties, silicone compounds are used as many parts of chemicals, softener, smooth and libricant agents, water-repellent agent, and defoaming agent, etc. Emulsion was prepared with the inversion emulsification method which adopted the agent-in-oil method dissolving the polyoxyethylene(7) tridecyl ether(HLB 12.2) into methoxy terminated poly(dimethyl-co-methyl amino) siloxane and hydroxy terminated poly(dimethyl-co-methyl amino) siloxane in water. At this time, processed emulsion was almost microemulsion. When ratio of emulsifier increases, emulsion is stable bacuause microemulsion is solubilized by emulsion drop size and zeta-potential are decreased. But, when amount of electrolyte is increase, emulsion became unstable because emulsion drop size is increased.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.93-98
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• 1983

사과를 당저림과 넥타 겔로 가공한 후 피막제를 처리하여 저장 조건에 따른 중량 감소율을 측정하고 갈변 현상, 곰팡이의 발생을 실험하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 인체에 무해하고 중량 감소, 갈변, 곰팡이 발생을 억제하는 피막제의 구성은 sucrose, D-sorbitol, corn syrup, gelatin, arabia gum, citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium ascorbate가 효과적이었다. 2. 사과 당저림은 피막제 처리한 것을 포장하여 냉장고에서 저장하는 방법이 가장 효과적이었다. 3. 사과 넥타 겔은 피막제 처리한 것을 이중(二重) 포장하여 냉동하는 것이 중량 감소에 의한 수축, 갈변 현상, 곰팡이의 발생을 억제하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2008

본 논문에서 우리는 감정 에이전트를 이용한 자동 이야기 생성 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템에서 감정 에이전트는 배우로서, 이야기 생성 시스템은 이러한 배우 및 감독 등을 이용하여 목표 지향적으로 이야기를 만들어 낸다. 자동 이야기 생성 시스템에서, 목표는 몇 가지의 상세한 계획으로 나뉘고 목표를 이루기 위한 계획을 수행함으로 이야기를 만들어 낸다. 이러한 이야기 생성 시스템은 감정 에이전트를 사용하기 때문에, 마치 감정을 소유한 인간이 연기를 하는 것처럼 효율적으로 이야기를 생성한다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2003

고품질의 최소가공 버섯을 제조하기 위해 여러 가지 천연 갈변저해제를 양송이버섯에 적용하여 최적의 천연 갈변저해제를 선발하고 선발된 천연 갈변저해제를 처리한 최소가공 버섯의 저장 중 품질특성 변화를 조사하였다. 천연 갈변저해제 중 천문동, 계피 및 키위 추출물이 우수하였다. 이들 선발된 갈변저해제를 처리한 최소가공 버섯의 저장 중 물리적 품질특성을 조사한 결과 갈변도에서는 1% cysteine과 천문동 추출물이 높은 저해효과를 나타내었다. 천연갈변저해 제를 처리한 버섯의 PPO 활성이 저장 초기부터 높게 나타난 것은 갈변저해제가 양송이버섯의 조직 내부로 흡수되지 못하기 때문으로 보여지며, 갈변저해제에 따른 총 페놀 함량의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 저장기간이 증가함에 따라 양송이버섯의 총 페놀 함량이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 현재까지 갈변저해에 주로 이용되던 화학물질을 천연물 유래 갈변저해제로 대체 할 수 있음을 시사하는 것이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.541-554
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• 2019

Processed cheeses (PCs) were made under varying cooking pH values (5.3, 5.4, 5.5, and 5.6) using a processed cheese cooker. Along with emulsifying salts (2.5%), distilled water, NaCl (2%) and a colouring agent under these cooking pH values, the PC samples made with either 100% fresh curd and rennet casein coded processed cheese control ($PC_C$) as control or ~70% fresh curd-~30% traditional village cheese coded processed cheese with village cheese ($PC_V$). The main aim of this study was to determine the effect of the varying cooking pH values on the textural properties for the PCv samples compared with the control sample during 90 days of storage. Chemical and textural properties of all PC samples were investigated over time. The chemical compositions of the PC samples (dry matter and ash) increased at d 90 of storage significantly, due to 1-d ripening of all PC samples at ambient temperature in terms of the manufacturing protocol of the cheese. The textural properties of the PC samples were altered by the varying cooking pH values. It may propose that the interactions of the proteins at the cooking pH values during processing and biochemical mechanisms in the cheese systems could likely affect the texture of the PC samples over time. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness values of all PC samples also increased over time (p<0.05). This study is also to give some knowledge on the design of PC manufacture to cheese makers, and a marketing opportunity to local cheese makers who individually make a traditional village cheese in Turkey.

• 한국정보컨버전스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보컨버전스학회 2008년도 International conference on information convergence
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• pp.53-56
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• 2008

This paper reports on the ACQA(Animated agent for Conversational Question Answering) project conducted at LIMSI. The aim is to design an expressive animated conversational agent(ACA) for conducting research along two main lines: 1/ perceptual experiments(eg perception of expressivity and 3D movements in both audio and visual channels): 2/ design of human-computer interfaces requiring head models at different resolutions and the integration of the talking head in virtual scenes. The target application of this expressive ACA is a real-time question and answer speech based system developed at LIMSI(RITEL). The architecture of the system is based on distributed modules exchanging messages through a network protocol. The main components of the system are: RITEL a question and answer system searching raw text, which is able to produce a text(the answer) and attitudinal information; this attitudinal information is then processed for delivering expressive tags; the text is converted into phoneme, viseme, and prosodic descriptions. Audio speech is generated by the LIMSI selection-concatenation text-to-speech engine. Visual speech is using MPEG4 keypoint-based animation, and is rendered in real-time by Virtual Choreographer (VirChor), a GPU-based 3D engine. Finally, visual and audio speech is played in a 3D audio and visual scene. The project also puts a lot of effort for realistic visual and audio 3D rendering. A new model of phoneme-dependant human radiation patterns is included in the speech synthesis system, so that the ACA can move in the virtual scene with realistic 3D visual and audio rendering.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.357-364
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• 1996

소아치과 임상에서 자주 사용되는 3 종의 광중합형 GIC의 아말감에 대한 접착능을 평가 할 목적으로 60 개의 아말감 부착시편을 이용하여 중간결합제인 Scotchbond 의 사용여부에 따른 경화된 아말감에 대한 광중합 GIC의 전단결합강도를 측정하고 경계부의 파절양상을 관찰한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 아말감에 대한 광중합형 GIC의 전단강도는 Fuji II LC, Vitremer, Vitrebond의 순으로 높게 나타났다 (p<0.05). 2. 중간결합제인 Scotchbond를 사용하지 않은 경우에서 Scotchbond 를 사용한 경우에 비해 전단결합강도가 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 3. 결합파절면은 Scotchbond를 사용한 경우의 대부분에서 Scotchbond와 아말감의 경계부에서 시편의 탈락이 나타났다. 아말감과 광중합 GIC의 결합을 시도할 경우에는 Scotchbond는 사용하지 않는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1990

Aconiti Tuber is the root of Aconitum sp (Ranunclaceae) which has been considered as one of the most important medicinal plant having cordiotonic, diuretic and analgesic effect. On the other hand, it has been known that Aconiti Tuber contained toxic agent, aconitine alkaloids so that only processed Aconiti Tubers have been used as herbal drug traditionally. For the safety evaluation of processed Aconiti Tuber, quantitative determination of aconitine and acute, subacute toxicity test were performed on 5 commercial processed Aconiti Tubers. Arapid and precise method using HPLC has been developed for the separation and determination of aconitine. Samples were extracted with hydrochloric acid (pH3) and hot water decoction. In case of d-HCL extracts, the contents of aconitine were from 0.08 mg/g to trace. But in case of hot water decoction extracts, the contents of aconitine were not detected. For the investigation of Aconiti Tuber toxicity in rats, hot water decoction samples and methanol extracts were tested. 1) Acute toxicity test Hot water decoction sample and methanol extracts from Aconiti Tuber did not show any toxic effects in rats by an oral administration. $LD_50values of 2 extracts were above 10.0 g/kg. 2) Subacute toxicity study In the repeated administration study, hot water decoction samples were given orally to Sprague-Dawlay rats for 2 week at daily doses of 5.0 g/kg. The results are as follows; No toxic manifestation, body weight changes and lethality were observed during wxperimental period. There were no significant changes in serum enzyme activities such as GOT, GPT, LDH, ALP between treated and control groups. However CPK values were decreased in the Subuja-treated group. (P<0.01). In addition, no gross and microscopic changes were noted in Aconiti Tuber-treated groups.