• 한국어교육
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.53-82
• /
• 2014

This study aims to find the method to promote interaction in L2 classrooms. Active interaction between learner-to-learner and learner-to-teacher in L2 classroom plays an important role in language acquisition. In light of this, L2 classroom would benefit with the help of learning tools such as Clickers which helps learners to express their level of understanding during the process of learning itself. This is because the anonymity of Clickers allows learners to express their needs without the social risks associated with speaking up in the class. It allows for an evaluative feedback loop where both learners and teachers understand the level of progress of the learners, better enabling classrooms to adapt to the learners' needs. Eventually this tool promotes participation from learners, This is in turn, believed to be effective in fostering classroom interaction, allowing learning to take place in a more comfortable yet vibrant way. This study is finalized by presenting the result of an experiment conducted to verify the effectiveness of this approach when teaching pragmatic aspect of the Korean expressions with similar semantic functions. As a result of the research, the learning achievement of learners in the experimental group was found higher than the learners' in a control group. Analyzing the data collected from a questionnaire given to the learners, the study presented data suggesting that this approach increased the scope of interactivity in the classroom, thus enhancing more active participation among learners. This active participation in turn led to a marked improvement in their communicative abilities.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제61권4호
• /
• pp.549-554
• /
• 2022

곤충생태 분야에서 생명표와 관련된 연구는 곤충연구자들에게 많은 관심을 받는 주제중 하나이다. 보통 두 가지 방법으로 생명표 통계량중 내적자연증가율을 추정하고 있는데, 첫 번째 하나는 순증가율(R₀)에 자연로그를 취하고 평균세대기간(T)으로 나누어 근사치를 계산하는 방법이다(세대기간-기반 추정법). 다른 하나는 로트카-볼테라 개체군 생장 방정식에서 유도하여 최대우도법으로 정확한 내적자연증가율을 추정하는 방법이다(로트카-오일러식-기반 추정법). 후자의 경우 대상 집단의 초기 연령등급을 "0" 또는 "1"로 설정함에 따라 추정값에 차이가 발생하여 적용에 혼란이 제기되었다. 본 고찰에서는 생명표 통계량 계산과정의 역사를 간단히 정리하고, 로트카-오일러식-기반 추정법에서 최초 연령등급을 1로 설정한 경우 $\sum\limits_{x=1}^{w}e^{-rx}l_xm_x=1$의 형식, 반면 최초 연령등급을 0으로 설정한 경우 $\sum\limits_{x=0}^{w}e^{-r(x+1)}l_xm_x=1$의 형식을 적용해야 함을 재확인하였다.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.90-105
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to find the influence of environmental issue analysis instruction on the environmental decision making ability for grade 5 elementary school students. The study was done through pre and post testing control group structure. The object of this study is grade 5 of I elementary school students which were divided into 35 student test group and 54 student control group. Through studying references, the selection standard of appropriate environment issue and the environmental issue analysis instructing objective. Conducted the environment issue instructing based on the selected environment issue and instructing objective. The classes were held in total of 6 sessions in the chapters related to class objective and class content within the curriculum. The pre and post testing was done using environment decision making ability test sheet which was reconstructed by myself and the results were analyzed by t-test. As a result of comparing pre and post testing the students in test group showed significant results in the processes of problem recognition, evaluation of alternatives, behave planing (p<.001). As a result of comparing the differences of environment decision making ability of pre and post test of test group and control group, it showed significant results in the process of evaluation of alternatives(p<.00l). The environment issue analysis class has positive influence on the environment decision making abilities of the students but since the outcome of environment decision making ability is lower, there is a need for long term environment education plan and further studies to find whether the environment issues within the textbook is appropriate in the elementary student level, useful school aspect and the influence of environment issue analysis class on the change of values for individuals.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.385-400
• /
• 2015

ISO 15926 is an international standard for the integration and sharing of plant lifecycle data. Plant 3D design data typically consist of logical configuration, equipment specifications and ports, and 3D shape data. This paper presents the method for the ISO 15926-based integration of plant 3D design data. For this, reference data (class, attribute, and template) of ISO 15926 were extended to describe plant 3D design data. In addition to the data model extension, a plant design information integration platform which reads plant 3D design data in ISO 15926 and displays 3D design information was developed. Finally, the prototype platform is verified through the experiment of loading and retrieving plant 3D design data in ISO 15926 with the platform.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.79-85
• /
• 2005

Oxidized abasic residues arise as a major class of DNA damage by a variety of agents involving free radical attack and oxidation of deoxyribose sugar components. 2-deoxyribonolactone (dL) is a C1'-oxidized abasic lesion implicated in DNA strand scission, mutagenesis, and covalent DNA-protein cross-link (DPC). We show here that mammalian cell-free extract give rise to stable DPC formation that is specifically mediated by dL residue. When a duplex DNA containing dL at the site-specific position was incubated with cell-free extracts of Po ${\beta}-proficient$ and -deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast cells, the formation of major dL-mediated DPC was dependent on the presence of DNA polymerase (Pol) ${\beta}$. Formation of dL-specific DPC was also observed with histones and FEN1 nuclease, although the reactivity in forming dL-mediated DPC was significantly higher with Pol ${\beta}$ than with histones or FEN1. DNA repair assay with a defined DPC revealed that the dL lesion once cross-linked with Pol ${\beta}$ was resistant to nucleotide excision repair activity of cell-free extract. Analysis of nucleotide excision repair utilizing a model DNA substrate containing a (6-4) photoproduct suggested that excision process for DPC was inhibited because of DNA single-strand incision at 5' of the lesion. Consequently DPC mediated by dL lesion may not be readily repaired by DNA excision repair pathway but instead function as unusual DNA damage causing a prolonged DNA strand break and trapping of the major base excision repair enzyme.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2020

Automated rebar fabrication, which requires effective information exchange between model designers and fabricators, has brought the integration and interoperability of data from different sources to the notice of both academics and industry practitioners. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) was one of the most commonly used data formats to represent the semantic information of prefabricated components in buildings, whereas the data format utilized by rebar fabrication machine is BundesVereinigung der Bausoftware (BVBS), which is a numerical data structure exchanging reinforcement information through ASCII encoded files. Seamless transformation between IFC and BVBS empowers the automated rebar fabrication and improve the construction productivity. In order to improve data interoperability between IFC and BVBS, this study presents an IFC extension based on the attributes required by automated rebar fabrication machines with the help of Information Delivery Manual (IDM) and Model View Definition (MVD). IDM is applied to describe and display the information needed for the design, construction and operation of projects, whereas MVD is a subset of IFC schema used to describe the automated rebar fabrication workflow. Firstly, with a rich pool of vocabularies practitioners, OmniClass is used in information exchange between IFC and BVBS, providing a hierarchy classification structure for reinforcing elements. Then, using International Framework for Dictionaries (IFD), the usage of each attribute is defined in a more consistent manner to assist the data mapping process. Besides, in order to address missing information within automated fabrication process, a schematic data mapping diagram has been made to deliver IFC information from BIM models to BVBS format for better data interoperability among different software agents. A case study based on the data mapping will be presented to demonstrate the proposed IFC extension and how it could assist/facilitate the information management.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.322-329
• /
• 2017

As a result of contemporary environmental concerns, a number of studies from plants' tissues as one of the alternatives to conventional chemicals are increasingly investigated. In tandem with these trends, Lagenaria breviflora (LB) fruit, reputed as antiviral and depilatory agents in the Yoruba folkloric medicine was examined on Vitex doniana wood to ascertain its antifungal activity. Fungicides of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% LB fruits formulations (concentrations) were developed through simple one-step mechanical-forming process, including control. In this study, the yield, the chemical compositions, the absorption capacity of the fungicides and wood weight losses (WWL) analysis were evaluated to investigate the antifungal activity of LB fruit on wood. The fruit extract yielded 35.4% of fresh juice weight. LB fruits contained total: alkaloids ($8.78{\pm}0.21mg/mL$), flavonoids ($2.01{\pm}0.02mg/mL$), phenol ($7.42{\pm}0.09mg/mL$), saponins ($11.00{\pm}0.10mg/mL$) and tannins ($5.47{\pm}0.05mg/mL$) contents. All the formulations provided effective protection against the tested wood fungi compared to control. Interestingly, the antifungal activity of 50% and 25% formulations of 6.8% WWL and 9.9% WWL satisfied the excellent fungal resistance class description against white rot fungus (Ganoderma lucidum) and brown rot fungus (Fibroporia vaillantii), respectively according to ASTM D 2017. These results thus, support LB fruit as a strong potential source of natural antifungals for industrial wood production.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.18-22
• /
• 2007

The objective of this study was to develop and assess the performance of an aseptic system for liquid milk contained in plastic bottles, from a small-scale production standpoint. Commercial sterility tests conducted on the bottled milk were utilized in our assessments of the system, via the identification and monitoring of the principal points of the process. Four 150 L batches of milk with pH values of approximately 6.7 were heat-processed at between 137 and $143^{\circ}C$ for 10 see in a plate heat exchanger, and then aseptically transferred to 500 mL high-density polyethylene (HOPE) bottles, in an ISO class 7 clean room. The aseptic condition of the bottles was achieved via 10 see of rinsing with a mixture containing 0.5% peracetic acid and 0.8% hydrogen peroxide at $30^{\circ}C$, followed by another rinse with sterile water. Of the 4 batches processed, 2 were determined to exhibit commercial sterility, on the basis of the physical-chemical and microbiological criteria adopted. It was concluded that some adjustment of the processing line was required in order to achieve full commercial sterility for all processes. The aseptic system developed and assessed in this study was demonstrated to have great potential for the processing and transferring of milk into plastic bottles, from a small-scale production standpoint.

• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.187-193
• /
• 2009

Congratulations to the Korean Society of Breeding Science on the occasion of the $40^{th}$ anniversary. Such scientific societies serve an important role in disseminating scientific information, encouraging world class research, and integrating related disciplines. Plant breeding is a solution-driven science to meet ever-increasing needs with the ultimate application in mind throughout the process. Plant breeding will continue to involve both the lab and field even as more molecular technologies are applied to the improvement of plants and animals. Today and into the future, genetics and genomics will play major roles. This keynote talk first presents plant breeding in the context of the need to meet future food supplies, then reviews some of the emerging and important technologies, documents some of the traits improved through the new technologies, and finally adds some philosophical points with special emphasis on the younger scientist.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2019

The influence of the contact amount of carbon dioxide per unit mass of dyestuff(${\alpha}$) on dyeing uniformity in supercritical fluid dyeing is analyzed in this study. The experiments using a 5L class Pilot Scale dyeing machine is carried out for this study purpose. For a fixed temperature and pressure, the amount of sample and the dyeing leveling time were considered as process variables. The results show that the increase in the amount of the sample causes a higher color difference than the reference sample, and it also increases the amount of residual dye. On the other hand, the color difference tended to decrease with the increase in dyeing time. Based on these results, the correlation between ${\alpha}$ value and dyeing uniformity in supercritical fluid dyeing is obtained.