• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.173-182
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• 2019

Purpose: This study determined if anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)/superior extensor ankle retinaculum (SEAR) thicknesses are related to dynamic balance in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Materials and Methods: The subjects were 14 males and 15 females (age=24.52±3.46 years). Ankle instability was assessed using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) with a cut off score of 25 to define two groups. SonoSite MTurbo (Fugifilm Sonosite, Inc.) musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSKUS) unit was used to assess ATFL and SEAR thicknesses. Dynamic balance was measured with the Y Balance Test (YBT) and two NeuroCom balance tests. Results: There were no significant differences in the average ATFL thickness between stable and unstable ankles in those subjects with CAI (0.25±0.03 cm and 0.21±0.05 cm, respectively) or in the SEAR thickness (0.09±0.04 cm and 0.10±0.03 cm, respectively). There were also no significant differences in the right and left ATFL thicknesses (0.23±0.07 cm and 0.21±0.04 cm, respectively) or the SEAR thicknesses (0.09±0.01 cm and 0.09±0.01 cm, respectively) in those without CAI. There were no differences between limbs in composite scores on YBT in those with CAI (p=0.35) and those without CAI (p=0.33). There was a moderate correlation between the left SEAR thickness and the large forward/backward perturbations on the NeuroCom (Natus) motor control test (r=0.51, p=0.006 and r=0.54, p=0.003, respectively). Conclusion: There were no differences in the ATFL/SEAR thicknesses or balance measures between or within the groups, likely because CAI is multi-factorial and related to mechanisms other than tissue changes alone. More sensitive technology and a better definition of the measurement process may provide more definitive results.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2001

We studied the fabrication of GaAs-based pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors(PHEMT`s) for the purpose of millimeter- wave applications. To fabricate the high performance GaAs-based PHEMT`s, we performed the simulation to analyze the designed epitaxial-structures. Each unit processes, such as 0.1 m$\mu$$\Gamma$-gate lithography, silicon nitride passivation and air-bridge process were developed to achieve high performance device characteristics. The DC characteristics of the PHEMT`s were measured at a 70 $\mu$m unit gate width of 2 gate fingers, and showed a good pinch-off property ($V_p$= -1.75 V) and a drain-source saturation current density ($I_{dss}$) of 450 mA/mm. Maximum extrinsic transconductance $(g_m)$ was 363.6 mS/mm at $V_{gs}$ = -0.7 V, $V_{ds}$ = 1.5 V, and $I_{ds}$ =0.5 $I_{dss}$. The RF measurements were performed in the frequency range of 1.0~50 GHz. For this measurement, the drain and gate voltage were 1.5 V and -0.7 V, respectively. At 50 GHz, 9.2 dB of maximum stable gain (MSG) and 3.2 dB of $S_{21}$ gain were obtained, respectively. A current gain cut-off frequency $(f_T)$ of 106 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation $(f_{max})$ of 160 GHz were achieved from the fabricated PHEMT\\`s of 0.1 m$\mu$ gate length.h.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2001

The aims of this study were to identify the mothers educational needs when they have children who have had open heart surgery in congenital heart disease, to identify the children's characteristics with this problem, and also to provide the basic information on the development of the educational program for the mothers. The subjects of the study were 101 mothers of children and their children hospitalized with congenital heart disease in pediatric wards of G. University Hospital in Inchon and S. Hospital in Puch on from June to November 2000. The study used a Likert-type questionnaire with 39 questions which was based on a previous questionnaire developed by Lee Mi-ryun(1989) for adult open heart surgery patients. The reliability of the questionnaire was Cronbach' ${\alpha}$=.9375. The data were collected directly from mothers of the patients in wards. The t-test, ANOVA was adopted for the data analysis. The key results of the study are as follows : 1) The average age of the children was 32.90 months. The majority of the children are male and weighted 3.0-3.5Kg at birth. Most of the children had VSD(29.7%), and 10.9% of children had a family history of heart disease. 2) An average score of 4.62 out of a maximum of 5.00 was recorded for the educational needs of the children's mother. The highest score of 4.69 was for home care after discharge followed by a score of 4.67 for diagnosis and prognosis on congenital heart disease. And pre-post operation care scored 4.51. The mean scores of single-question items of educational need were, in order, 4.81 for immunization after operation, 4.80 for recovery process, and 4.77 for prognosis of the disease. The score of 4.18 for measurement of intake and output was the lowest. 3) The analysis on the children's mothers educational needs by social-demographic characteristics such as sex, age of patient and mother, economical status, educational status, number of child, hospitalization times, and hospitalization cause showed no significant difference statistically, but there was a significant difference between mothers with jobs and with out jobs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.3
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• pp.405-413
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• 2000

This study was conducted to develop an on-line monitoring system for a forest hydrological environment and its meteorological condition, such as temperature, wind direction and speed, rainfall and water level on V-notch, electrical conductivity(EC), potential of hydrogen(PH) by the motor drive sensor unit and measurement with a single-chip microprocessor as controller. These results are summarized as follows ; 1. The monitoring system consists of a signal process unit, motor drive sensor unit, radio modem unit and power supply. 2. The motor drive sensor unit protects the sensor from swift current or freezing and can constantly maintain fixed water level during measurements. 3. This monitoring system can transfer the data by radio modem. Additionally, this system can monitor hydrological conditions in real time. 4. The hardware was made of several modules with an independent CPU. They can be mounted, removed, repaired and added to. Their function can be changed and expanded. 5. These are the result of an accuracy test, the values of temperature, EC and pH measured within an error range of ${\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$, ${\pm}1{\mu}S$ and ${\pm}0.1pH$ respectively. 6. This monitoring system proved to be able to measure various factors for a forest hydrological environment in various experimental stations.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.3
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• pp.709-716
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• 2004

This paper describes an intelligent real-time monitoring system of a semiconductor processing equipment, which determines normal or not for a wafer in processing, using multiple time-series pattern recognition. The proposed system consists of three phases, initialization, learning and real-time prediction. The initialization phase sets the weights and tile effective steps for all parameters of a monitoring equipment. The learning phase clusters time series patterns, which are producted and fathered for processing wafers by the equipment, using LBG algorithm. Each pattern has an ACI which is measured by a tester at the end of a process The real-time prediction phase corresponds a time series entered by real-time with the clustered patterns using Dynamic Time Warping, and finds the best matched pattern. Then it calculates a predicted ACI from a combination of the ACI, the difference and the weights. Finally it determines Spec in or out for the wafer. The proposed system is tested on the data acquired from etching device. The results show that the error between the estimated ACI and the actual measurement ACI is remarkably reduced according to the number of learning increases.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.348-352
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• 2012

Amine volatility occurring on the $CO_2$ capture process may result in significant economic losses and environmental impact. In this study, using an volatility measurement apparatus, we measured a amine volatility of various amines including MEA(Monoethanolamine), MDEA(N-Methyldiethanolamine), Pz(Piperazine), AMP(2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol), 2-MP(2-Methylpiperazine), DGA(Diglycolamine). For the quantitative analysis of volatility, we analyzed the effects of temperature and $CO_2$ loading using an gas chromatography analysis. The result shows that the amine volatility was increased by increasing Henry's constant(MDEA$-CH_3$)(for AMP).

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.78-86
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• 2013

The researches for reduce $CO_2$ are going along animatedly in hole industry area. In construction area, the researches to minimize $CO_2$ emission are progressing variously. The researches to minimize $CO_2$ emission based on $CO_2$ emission. The method measuring $CO_2$ emission are using $CO_2$ emission coefficient on fuel consumption, LCA and an inter-industry relation table. Especially, the methods using the carbon emission coefficient based on fuel consumption are 3 types(Tier1~Tier3) of IPCC. Present, the most using method(Tier1) is using the fuel consumption and the carbon emission coefficient. But because this method do not effect each vehicle distance and driving environment, we can't calculate right $CO_2$ emission. Especially construction project's $CO_2$ emission could be different by project's characteristic. However, we can't apply these difference with present methods. So we need methodology calculating $CO_2$ emission by applying personal project's characteristic and these methodology's most important things is directly measuring $CO_2$ emission of construction equipment which use energy. The object of this study is to develop the $CO_2$ emission calculation methodology which occur in construction process, is to suggest ways to measure in real time $CO_2$ emission from construction equipment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate mixed model of dbh-height relation containing random effect. Data were obtained from a survey site for Quercus variabilis in Gangwon region and remeasured the same site after three years. The mixed model were used to fixed effect in the dbh-height relation for Quercus variabilis, with random effect representing correlation of survey period were obtained. To verify the evaluation of the model for random effect, the akaike information criterion (abbreviated as, AIC) was used to calculate the variance-covariance matrix, and residual of repeated data. The estimated variance-covariance matrix, and residual were -0.0291, 0.1007, respectively. The model with random effect (AIC = -215.5) has low AIC value, comparison with model with fixed effect (AIC = -154.4). It is for this reason that random effect associated with categorical data is used in the data fitting process, the model can be calibrated to fit repeated site by obtaining measurements. Therefore, the results of this study could be useful method for developing model using repeated measurement.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.836-841
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• 2016

An indoor positioning system using Wi-Fi is essential to produce a radio map that combines the indoor space of two or more dimensions, the information of node positions, and etc. in processing for constructing the radio map, the measurement of the received signal strength indicator(RSSI) and the confirmation of node placement information counsume substantial time. Especially, when the installed wireless environment is changed or a new space is created, easy installation of the node and fast indoor radio mapping are needed to provide indoor location-based services. In this paper, to reduce the time consumption, we propose an algorithm to distinguish the straight and curve lines of a corridor section by RSSI visualization and Sobel filter-based edge detection that enable accurate node deployment and space analysis using cable-type Wi-Fi node installed at a 3 m interval. Because the cable type Wi-Fi is connected by a same power line, it has an advantage that the installation order of nodes at regular intervals could be confirmed accurately. To be able to analyze specific sections in space based on this advantage, the distribution of the signal was confirmed and analyzed by Sobel filter based edge detection and total RSSI distribution(TRD) computation through a visualization process based on the measured RSSI. As a result to compare the raw data with the performance of the proposed algorithm, the signal intensity of proposed algorithm is improved by 13.73 % in the curve section. Besides, the characteristics of the straight and the curve line were enhanced as the signal intensity of the straight line decreased by an average of 34.16 %.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.173-177
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• 2012

The multilayer structure of glass/Ta(5.8 nm)/NiFe(5 nm)/Cu(t nm)/NiFe(3 nm)/FeMn(12 nm)/Ta(5.8 nm) as typical GMR-SV (giant magnetoresistance-spin valve) films is prepared by ion beam sputtering deposition (IBD). The coercivity and magnetoresiatance ratio are increased and decreased for the decrease of Cu thickness when the thickness of nonmagnetic Cu layer from is varied 2.2 nm to 3.0 nm. It means that the decrease of non-magntic layer is effected to the interlayer exchange coupling of pinned layer and the spin configuration array of free layer. For experiment of detecting and dropping of magnetic beads we used the GMR-SV sensor with glass/Ta/NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn/Ta structure. From the comparison of before and after for the dropping status of magnetic bead, the variations of MR ratio, $H_{ex}$, and $H_c$ are showed 0.9 %, 3 Oe, and 2 Oe, respectively. The fabrication of GMR-SV sensor was included in the process of film deposition, photo-lithography, ion milling, and MR measurement. Further, GMR-SV device can be easily integrated so that detecting biosensor on a single chip becomes possible.