• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.369-377
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop safety care practice measurement tool for childcare teachers. The tool for this study was developed and validated according to DeVellis' scale development process. The construct validity of the instrument was analyzed by major analysis of Varimax rotation, and the internal inertia was verified by Cronbach's α. The final scale was a 4-point scale, consisting of 22 items in 7 domains. The total explanation was 59.32% and the Cronbach's α was .80. Therefore, it is judged that the tool developed in this study is a useful tool to measure the level of safety practice care behavior of childcare teachers.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.95-104
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• 2006

The presence of cavitations under pavements or behind tunnel linings of concrete is likely to result in collapse. One method of detecting such voids by non-destructive means is low frequency type radar(GPR). By the way, the size and thickness of small cavitation can't be detected by the present radar technology with low frequency and low resolution when it apply to civil structures like that. To overcome these problems and limitations, this study aims to develope and propose a new analysis method for estimating the depth, cross-sectional size and thickness of cavitations using low frequency radar. A new proposed method is based on the experiments that are carried out for analyzing the correlation between the measurement values(the amplitudes of radar return) of low frequency radar and various type of cavitations. In this process, the threshold value for radar image processing which aims to represent only cavitations to be fitted size can be obtained. As the results, it is clarified that a proposed method has a possibility of estimating cavitation depth, size and thickness with good accuracy in laboratory scale.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.637-644
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• 2024

Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has been widely adopted in the construction industry. However, a challenge encountered in the operational phase is that building object data cannot be updated in real time. The concept of Digital Twin is to digitally simulate objects, environments, and processes in the real world, employing real-time monitoring, simulation, and prediction to achieve dynamic integration between the virtual and the real. This research considers an example related to indoor air quality for realizing the concept of Digital Twin and solving the problem that the digital twin platform cannot be updated in real time. In indoor air quality monitoring, the ventilation rate and the presence of occupants significantly affects carbon dioxide concentration. This study uses the indoor carbon dioxide concentration recommended by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency as a reference standard for air quality measurement, providing a solution to the aforementioned challenges. The research develops a digital twin platform using Unity, which seamlessly integrates BIM and IoT technology to realize and synchronize virtual and real environments. Deep learning techniques are applied to process camera images and real-time monitoring data from IoT sensors. The camera images are utilized to detect the entry and exit of individuals indoors, while monitoring data to understand environmental conditions. These data serve as a basis for calculating carbon dioxide concentration and determining the optimal indoor air exchange volume. This platform not only simulates the air quality of the environment but also aids space managers in decision-making to optimize indoor environments. It enables real-time monitoring and contributes to energy conservation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.64-73
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• 2010

This research collected some multi-image information of Nakdong River Estuary Eulsukdo area in last 30 years, which are used as the basis information in running the qualitative analysis of the topography relief's deformation. First, to obtain the data, this research carried out a field survey and GCP measurement, then classified and collected the image information by analog and digital image. The acquired images which have passed a high-precise scan process and geometric correction is manufactured by Ortho Mosaic image, then divided them into 9 sections time period classification before we run a qualitative analysis. In late of 1980's there are many changes of environmental topography deformation of the Eulsukdo area which caused by large scale building constructions, appeared to be known through this research. And then in late of 1990's, we organized the wild cultivated lands, started the wetland restoration of the artificial ecology, in 2000's we are able to know the existence of topograph relief change which caused by big scale of bridge construction. Hereafter, in this quick process of the environmental and topographical change of this area caused by the 4 major rivers restoration project, the analysis results of this experiment are expected to be something applicable as important basic data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.172-173
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• 2012

Currently GaN based LED is known to show high internal or external efficiency at low current range. However, this LED operation occurs at high current range and in this range, a significant performance degradation known as 'efficiency droop' occurs. Auger process, carrier leakage process, field effect due to lattice mismatch and thermal effects have been discussed as the causes of loss of efficiency, and these phenomena are major hindrance in LED performance. In order to investigate the main effects of efficiency loss and overcome such effects, it is essential to obtain relative proportion of measurements of internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and various radiative and nonradiative recombination processes. Also, it is very important to obtain radiative and non-radiative recombination times in LEDs. In this research, we measured the IQE of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) LEDs with PSS and Planar substrate using modified ABC equation, and investigated the physical mechanism behind by analyzing the emission energy, full-width half maximum (FWHM) of the emission spectra, and carrier recombination dynamic by time-resolved electroluminescence (TREL) measurement using pulse current generator. The LED layer structures were grown on a c-plane sapphire substrate and the active region consists of five 30 ${\AA}$ thick In0.15Ga0.85N QWs. The dimension of the fabricated LED chip was $800um{\times}300um$. Fig. 1. is shown external quantum efficiency (EQE) of both samples. Peak efficiency of LED with PSS is 92% and peak efficiency of LED with planar substrate is 82%. We also confirm that droop of PSS sample is slightly larger than planar substrate sample. Fig. 2 is shown that analysis of relation between IQE and decay time with increasing current using TREL method.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 1990

Recently, the rate of cesarean section in Korea has been increasing. The results of several previous studies in foreign countries on the emotional responses of cesarean section mothers showed that they might experience difficulties in the mother- infant interaction due to fatigue, lack of early mother - infant interaction, disappointments, anger, feelings of loss of control, and other factors. Human behavior is said to be determined by one's self concept, and self concept is influenced by both internal and external environmental factors. A scale to measure the self concept of cesarean section mothers was needed in order to identify those who might have difficulties in the mother- infant interactions in future. The purposes of this study were to develop a measuring scale, and to test its reliability and validity. The process of this study was as follows. A structured interview was done with 50 cesarean section and vaginal delivery mothers to find their state of emotional reaction after giving birth to their babies. Based on the results of the interviews, a 50 items Likert scale was developed. The self concept of 268 cesarean section and vaginal delivery mothers who were hospitalized at six hospital in seoul were measured, during the period between Feb. 1 and April 30. Reviewing the discriminating power of each item by means of crosstabulation, ten items were selected for the final scale. The reliability and validity of this ten item scale were tested by Cronbach's alpha and t-test, using spss pc＋package. The results of this study and recommendation are as follows. 1. The ten selected items were as follows. I feel pains in my breast. (－) I have a good appetite now. (＋) I feel pains in my flank. (－) I feel fine now. (＋) My body seems to have returned to its prepregnant state. (＋) Thinking of the delivery process, I feel sorry. (－) I want to hold my baby in my arms. (＋) I want to keep my own life, even if I became a mother. (－) I want to delegate the care of the baby to my mother / mother in law. (－) I think baby is my alter ego. (＋) 2. The reliability of this scale was tested by Cronbach's alpha, and the coefficient of this scale was .8066. 3. The construct validity of this scale was tested by means of known group methods. The value of self concept for cesarean section mother was significantly lower than for vaginal delivery mothers(t＝-5.51, df＝266, p＝0.007). 4. The criterion validity of this scale was tested indirectly. Though this scale could discriminate the differences in the self concept between cesarean section and vaginal delivery mothers, the five items on the personal self concept scale didn's show any differences between cesarean section and vaginal delivery mothers. Therefore, the study indicates that those who shows lower values in the personal self concept measurement, that is, lower than 12.03 points, could be regaled as “risk mothers” 5. Further studies using this scale to clarify the influencing factors on negative self concept are strongly recommended.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-43
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• 1985

Liver cirrhosis is the common cause of death in Korea today. But, if liver cirrhosis Patients were treated in the early stage of the disease Process, they can have a chance to carry their daily lives with prescribed medical and nursing regimens. Each patient has different health beliefs that there is a different Sick Role Behavior in the process of treatment. In order to increase and control the desired patient's Sick Role Behavior, it is important for nurses to understand the health beliefs influencing Sick Role Behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine factors influencing Sick Role Behavior and provide objective and scientific data to health education, treatment and nursing care. The subjects for this study were 80 Liver Cirrhosis patients selected from in and out patients of the medical department of four University Hospitals in Seoul, Won Joo and Mok Po city. Data was collected from Sep. 18, to Oct. 15, 1984. The measurement tool was the questionaire that developed by the investigator from the literature review based on Health Belief Model. The data Collection was done by interview. Analysis of data was done by use Mean, S.D., ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The result of study were as follows: 1. The significant influencing variables on the Liver Cirrhosis Patient's Sick Role Behavior in general characteristics were Sex, Marital Status, Educational levels, Family's income and Duration after diagnosis. 2. Between the Sick Role Behavior and Health Belief Model, a) The first hypothesis that the stronger degree of Health Motivation, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patient's Sick Hole Behavior was supported (r=0.7892, p=0.0000). b) The second hypothesis that the higher degree of perceived susceptibility, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patients' Sick Role Behavior was supported (r=0.6383, p=0.0000) c) The third hypothesis that the higher degree of perceived severity, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patients' Sick Role Behavior was supported (r=0.5869, p=0.0000). d) The fourth hypothesis that the higher degree of perceived benefit, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis patient's Sick Role Behavior was supported (r=0.7535, p=0.0000). e) The fifth hypothesis that the lower degree of perceived barrier, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis Patient's Sick Role Behavior was supported(r=-9.7709, p=0.0000) f) The sixth hypothesis that the higher degree of knowledge in Disease, the higher degree of Liver Cirrhosis patients'lck Role Behavior was supported (r=0.7538, p=0.0000), g) In the correlation among variables, it was found positive correlation except that perceived barrier was negatively correlated. In the Stepwise Multiple Regression and Independent Variables, the factor“Health Motivation”could account for Sick Role Behavior in 62.28% of the Sample (F=128. 786, p<0.01). When the factor“perceived barrier”is added to this, it account for 70.38% of Sick Role Behavior (F=93.479, p <0.01) and the factor“knowledge in disease”is also included, it account for 74.78% of Sick Role Behavior (F=75.131, p <0.01). Finally, when the factor“perceived susceptibility”is included, it account for 75.03% of Sick Role Behavior (F=56.329, p <0.01).

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2013

The treatment of chemically stable perflourocompounds (PFCs) requires a large amount of energy. An energy efficient arc plasma system has been developed to overcome such disadvantage. $CF_4$, $SF_6$ and $NF_3$ were injected into the plasma torch directly, and net plasma power was estimated from the measurement of thermal efficiency of the system. Effects of net plasma power, waste gas flow rate and additive gases on the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of PFCs were examined. The calculation of thermodynamic equilibrium composition was also conducted to compare with experimental results. The average thermal efficiency was ranged from 60 to 66% with increasing waste gas flow rate, while DRE of PFCs was decreased with increasing gas flow rate. On the other hand, DRE of each PFCs was increased with the increasing input power. Maximum DREs of $CF_4$, $SF_6$ and $NF_3$ were 4%, 15% and 90%, respectively, without reaction gas at the fixed input power and waste gas flow rate of 3 kW and 70 L/min. A rapid increase of DRE was found using hydrogen or oxygen additional gases. Hydrogen was more effective than oxygen to decompose PFCs and to control by-products. The major by-product in the arc plasma process with hydrogen was hydrofluoric acid that is easy to be removed by a wet scrubber. DREs of $CF_4$, $SF_6$ and $NF_3$ were 25%, 39% and 99%, respectively, using hydrogen additional gas at the waste gas flow rate of 100 L/min and the input power of 3 kW.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 2020

When the waste solid fuel (SRF, Bio-SRF) is burnt in a boiler, a problem occurs in the combustion process involving the alkali components (Na, K) contained in large amounts in the fuel. The alkaline component has a low melting point, which usually forms low melting point salt in the temperature of the furnace, with the resulting low melting point salts attaching to the heat pipe to form a clinker. Various additives are used to suppress clinker generation, and the additive based on the kaolinite has alkali-aluminum-silica to inhibit the clinker. In this study, the reactivity of the additives based on the kaolinite was compared. The additives utilized were R-kaolinite, B-kaolinite, and A-kaolinite. Also silica and MgO were sourced as the comparison group. The experimental group was employed as a laboratory-scale batch horizontal reactor. The additive and alkaline salts were reacted at a weight ratio of 1 : 1, and the reaction temperature was performed at 900 ℃ for 10 hours. The first measurement of HCl occurring during the experiment was performed 30 minutes after the detection tube was used, and the process was repeated every hour after the experiment. After the reaction, solid residues were photographed for characterization analysis by means of an optical microscope. The reaction characteristics of the kaolinite were confirmed based on the analysis results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.429-429
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• 2016

Organolead halide perovskite have attracted much attention over the past three years as the third generation photovoltaic due to simple fabrication process via solution process and their great photovoltaic properties. Many structures such as mesoporous scaffold, planar heterojunction or 1-D TiO2 or ZnO nanorod array structures have been studied to enhance performances. And the photovoltaic performances and carrier transport properties were studied depending on the cell structures and shape of perovskite film. For example, the perovskite cell based on TiO2/ZnO nanorod electron transport materials showed higher electron mobility than the mesoporous structured semiconductor layer due to 1-D direct pathway for electron transport. However, the reason for enhanced performance was not fully understood whether either the shape of perovskite or the structure of TiO2/ZnO nanorod scaffold play a dominant role. In this regard, for a clear understanding of the shape/structure of perovskite layer, we applied anodized aluminum oxide material which is good candidate as the inactive scaffold that does not influence the charge transport. We fabricated vertical one dimensional (1-D) nanostructured methylammonium lead mixed halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3-xClx) solar cell by infiltrating perovskite in the pore of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO). AAO template, one of the common nanostructured materials with one dimensional pore and controllable pore diameters, was successfully fabricated by anodizing and widening of the thermally evaporated Al film on the compact TiO2 layer. Using AAO as a scaffold for perovskite, we obtained 1-D shaped perovskite absorber, and over 15% photo conversion efficiency was obtained. I-V measurement, photoluminescence, impedance, and time-limited current collection were performed to determine vertically arrayed 1-D perovskite solar cells shaped in comparison with planar heterojunction and mesoporous alumina structured solar cells. Our findings lead to reveal the influence of the shape of perovskite layer on photoelectrical properties.