• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.623-627
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• 1999

We report a new in-situ fluorine passivation method without in implantation by employing excimer laser annealing of $SiO_{x}F_{y}$/a-Si structure and its effects on p-channel poly-Si TFTs. The proposed method doesn't require any additional annealing step and is a low temperature process because fluorine passivation is simultaneous with excimer-laser-induced crystallization. A in-situ fluorine passivation by the proposed method was verified form XPS analysis and conductivity measurement. From experimental results, it has been shown that the proposed method is effective to improve the electrical characteristics, specially field-effect mobility, and the electrical stability of p-channel poly-Si TFTs. The improvement id due to fluorine passivation, which reduces the trap state density and forms the strong Si-F bonds in poly-Si channel and $SiO_2/poly-Si$ interface. From these results, the high performance poly-Si TFTs canbe obtained by employing the excimer-laser-induced fluorine passivation method.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.73-76
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• 2010

The copper indium disulfide ($CuInS_2$) thin film was manufactured using sputtering and thermal evaporation methods, and the annealing with sulfurization process was used in the vacuum chamber to the substrate temperature on the glass substrate, the annealing temperature and the composition ratio, and the characteristics thereof were investigated. The $CuInS_2$ thin film was manufactured by the sulfurization of a soda lime glass (SLG) Cu/In/S stacked [1] elemental layer deposited on a glass substrate by vacuum chamber annealing [2] with sulfurization for various times at a temperature of substrate temperature of $200^{\circ}C$. The structure and electrical properties of the film was measured in order to determine the optimum conditions for the growth of $CuInS_2$ ternary compound semiconductor $CuInS_2$ thin films with a non-stoichiometric composition. The physical properties of the thin film were investigated under various fabrication conditions [3,4], including the substrate temperature, annealing temperature and annealing time by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field Emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and Hall measurement systems. [5] The sputtering rate depending upon the DC/RF power was controlled so that the composition ratio of Cu versus In might be around 1:1, and the substrate temperature affecting the quality of the film was varied in the range of room temperature (RT) to $300^{\circ}C$ at intervals of $100^{\circ}C$, and the annealing temperature of the thin film was varied RT to $550^{\circ}C$ in intervals of $100^{\circ}C$.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.534-543
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• 2008

To use the Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier phase measurement for precise positioning, the integer ambiguities at the early stage of most algorithms must be determined. Furthermore, if a precise positioning is to be applied to real time navigation, fast determination and validation methods for integer ambiguity are essential. In this paper, the Wald test that simultaneously determines and validates integer ambiguities is used with assistance of the Inertial Navigation System (INS) to improve its performance. As the Wald test proceeds, it assigns a higher probability to the candidate that is considered to be true at each time step. The INS information is added during the Wald test process. Large performance improvements were achieved in convergence time as well as in requiring fewer observable GPS satellites. To test the performance improvement of the Wald test with the INS information, experimental tests were conducted using a ground vehicle. The vehicle moved in a prescribed trajectory and observed seven GPS satellites. To verify the effect of the INS information on the Wald test, the convergence times were compared with cases that considered the INS information and cases that did not consider the INS information. The results show that the benefits of using the INS were emphasized as fewer GPS satellites were observable. The performance improvement obtained by the proposed algorithm was shown through the fast convergence to the true hypothesis when using the INS measurements.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.105-122
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• 2012

This paper proposes a fuzzy-based AHP model by which the greenhouse gas reduction for container terminal problem was systematically structured and then evaluated. The model was established by exploiting a fuzzy theory and AHP for capturing the inexactness and vagueness of information. In this study, measurement areas were selected for equipment aspect, operating aspect, and energy aspect. The greenhouse gas reduction is the number one priority in the equipment aspect, operating aspect, energy aspect in order. The analysis result of equipment aspect reveals that the most important element is electrical T/C. The most important element of operating and energy aspect were a container rehandling and a LED lighting. As for the whole priority which conversion weight was applied, the results were shown as follows: an electrical T/C(16.2%) as the first rank: a hybrid Y/T(14.4%) as the second rank: a AMP(10.6%) as the third rank. The result of this study suggests some guidelines for deciding priority of greenhouse gas reduction for container terminal.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.91-112
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• 2011

The rapid growth of e-commerce market and changes in distribution channels and consumption patterns have brought about the continuous growth of the domestic parcel service market. To cope with the growth and environmental changes of the parcel service market, parcel companies have made efforts to improve logistics process and construct an information system for customer satisfaction. Since they have focused on a high quality parcel service through a variety of information technology rather than price competition, the importance of logistics information technology has been greatly perceived. Accordingly, this study examined that how information technology and information system quality of parcel companies was perceived by customers and how it influenced parcel service use and satisfaction. To achieve this purpose, this study developed a valid and reliable measurement instrument for logistics information system quality and customer satisfaction based on literature reviews. Then empirical research was made through a questionnaire survey. As a result, six determinants of logistics information system quality were derived: economy, SMS information, tracking web-site information, stability, speed, and accuracy. All factors but economy were found to have positive effects on customer satisfaction in parcel service. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of the findings were also discussed.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.391-396
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• 2006

It has been reported that plasma treatments are used to modify surface properties of polymers such as adhesivity hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity. Using plasma treatment, interfacial pro-perty can be introduced to a polymer surface without affecting the desired bulk properties of a material. In this study, commercial polyamide66 (PA66) /polyphenylene (PPE) polymer was modified by plasma treatment under a various gas specious for elimination of organic compound and polymer surface property with hvdrophilicity. PA66/PPE polymer with hydrophilicity was treated by RF plasma vacuum system under a various parameter such as gas specious, processing time and partial pressure. Hydrophilicity of PA66/PPE was confirmed by calculation of the surface free energy from contact angle measurement. The highest surface free energy of $50.03 mJ/m^2$ with the lowest contact angle of $14^{\circ}$ was obtained at plasma process power of 100 W, treatment time of 2 min and $Ar/O_2$ gases of 100 and 200 sccm. Moreover the change of organic compounds on the polymer surface was analyzed by fourier transforms infrared spectrometry (FTIR).

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.112-125
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• 2017

Objectives : The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) is 10-40% worldwide and there are many demands for Traditionl Medicine (TM) treatment for AR. Pattern identification (PI) is essential process in diagnosis and treatment of TM, however, objective assessment measurement for PI of AR in TM is lacked. Methods : PI questionnaire for AR was developed in 2008 by specialists in the department of Otolaryngology of TM, based on systemic and nasal symptoms and signs. However, that questionnaire had many problems in application to clinical practice and has since been revised based on several studies and delphi method. Consequently, the PI questionnaire for AR version 3.0 has been developed. Results & Conclusions : This questionnaire classifies patients with AR as possessing lung-heat, lung-cold, or spleen qi deficiency based on nasal symptoms and general conditions of AR patients. This is first questionnaire for pattern identification of AR. We plan to conduct a validation and reliability study, and revise the questionnaire based on the results of this study.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.113-122
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• 2008

Emerging of wireless sensor networks results in several modeling and design issues on the network simulations. In previous works, most researchers have used three evaluation approaches such as analysis method, computer simulation and real test-bed measurement in order to verify the performance of wireless sensor networks. Among these approaches, analysis method is widely used since the other approaches have significant drawbacks such as limitation of network power, computational problem of distribute processing and complication of debugging process. However, the analysis method also shows poor performance when it deals with complex operations in huge wireless sensor networks. Thus, in this paper, we design and develop SMAC and AODV protocols by using Ptolemy tool in order to improve the simulation performance. The developed Ptolemy actor can be easily adapted to compare and evaluate the various protocols for wireless sensor networks.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2015

This study was conducted to identify how cadastral information quality is managed at which level by reviewing the current cadastral information creation and quality management methods. In addition, relevant issues were deducted and, based on the results, plans for cadastral information quality improvement were suggested. The study results are as follows. As a result of reviewing the cadastral information quality management and its level and deducting the relevant issues, it was found that current cadastral information quality management is confined to positional accuracy, instead of comprehensive quality management embracing graphic and attribute information. In addition, it appeared that the quality measurement elements for spatial information quality management recommended by the International Standard Organization (ISO 19113) are not reflected enough. In this study, a plan of quality management at an international level, plan for introducing a quality test process, and plan for organizing an independent quality test organization were suggested as improvement plans for this corresponding issues.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.319-324
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• 2016

In the case of robot and Argument Reality applications using a camera in environments, a technology to estimate planes is a very important technology. A RGB-D camera can get a three-dimensional measurement data even in a flat which has no information of the texture of the plane;, however, there is an enormous amount of computation in order to process the point-cloud data of the image. Furthermore, it could not know the number of planes that are currently observed as an advance, also, there is an additional operation required to estimate a three dimensional plane. In this paper, we proposed the real-time method that decides the number of planes automatically and estimates the three dimensional plane by using the continuous data of an RGB-D camera. As experimental results, the proposed method showed an improvement of approximately 22 times faster speed compared to processing the entire data.