• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2017

EEG signals that are the same as those that have the same disabled people. So, the EEG signals are becoming the next generation. In this paper, we propose an internet of things system that controls the indoor environment using EEG signal. The proposed system consists EEG measurement device, EEG simulation software and indoor environment control device. We use data as EEG signal data on emotional imagination condition in a comfortable state and logical imagination condition in concentrated state. The noise of measured signal is removed by the ICA algorithm and beta waves are extracted from it. then, it goes through learning and test process using SVM. The subjects were trained to improve the EEG signal accuracy through the EEG simulation software and the average accuracy were 87.69%. The EEG signal from the EEG measurement device is transmitted to the EEG simulation software through the serial communication. then the control command is generated by classifying emotional imagination condition and logical imagination condition. The generated control command is transmitted to the indoor environment control device through the Zigbee communication. In case of the emotional imagination condition, the soft lighting and classical music are outputted. In the logical imagination condition, the learning white noise and bright lighting are outputted. The proposed system can be applied to software and device control based BCI.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

We have developed a new HD-2700 (Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., Japan) scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) that includes an automatic aberration correction function, and a large-solid-angle energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector that enables high-resolution and sensitive analysis. For observation with atomic resolution, using spherical-aberration-corrected STEM, in order that satisfactory performance of the device can be achieved readily, and within a short time, irrespective of the operator's skill level, a spherical-aberration-correction device with an automatic aberration-correction function was developed. This automatic aberration-correction function carries out the entire correction-related process (aberration measurement, selection and correction) automatically, with automatic selection of the aberrations that require correction, and automatic measurement of the appropriate corrections.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1991

This study was undertaken to find the effect of radiation therapy on the healing ability of surgical wounds and on this basis, to find the proper time interval between the radiation therapy and surgery. Two hundred and fifty-two mice were used and a single dose of 2000 cGy was given in each instances to the hind limb of mice. Incisional wounds were produced after varying intervals in the previously irradiated areas and then they were followed up at regular intervals by the measurement of tensile strength. The wounds which received surgery immediately, 1 or 2 weeks after irradiation revealed marked delay and the wounds which received surgery 12, 16 or 20 weeks after irradiation demonstrated slight delay in wound healing in terms of tensile strength measurement. But the wounds which received irradiation 4 or 8 weeks before surgery did not differ much in the wound healing process from that of the control group. Histopathologic studies of the wounds demonstrated epithelization in most instances as quickly as in the control wounds. The appearance of fibroblasts and collagen fibers has delayed momently and appeared to have close correlation with the tensile strength healing curves.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2011

Purpose: To apply a computer assisted navigation system to orthognathic surgery, a simple and efficient measuring algorithm calculation based on affine transformation was designed. A method of improving accuracy and reducing errors in orthognathic surgery by use of an optical tracking camera was studied. Methods: A total of 5 points on one surgical splint were measured and tracked by the Polaris $Vicra^{(R)}$ (Northern Digital Inc Co., Ontario, Canada) optical tracking system in two cases. The first case was to apply the transformation matrix at pre- and postoperative situations, and the second case was to apply an affine transformation only after the postoperative situation. In each situation, the predictive measuring value was changed to the final measuring value via an affine transformation algorithm and the expected coordinates calculated from the model were compared with those of the patient in the operation room. Results: The mean measuring error was $1.027{\pm}0.587$ using the affine transformation at pre- and postoperative situations and the average value after the postoperative situation was $0.928{\pm}0.549$. The farther a coordinate region was from the reference coordinates which constitutes the transform matrixes, the bigger the measuring error was found which was calculated from an affine transformation algorithm. Conclusion: Most difference errors were brought from mainly measuring process and lack of reproducibility, the affine transformation algorithm formula from postoperative measuring values by using of optic tracking system between those of model surgery and those of patient surgery can be selected as minimizing the difference error. To reduce coordinate calculation errors, minimum transformation matrices must be used and reference points which determine an affine transformation must be close to the area where coordinates are measured and calculated, as well as the reference points need to be scattered.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2017

To evaluate the reliability of fly ash quality supplied to ready-mixed concrete plant using mass cylinder and hydrometer, in this research, the correlationship between the fly ash properties provided from certification and density measurement with suspension was evaluated. As a result, the reliability of the certification, except fineness and loss on ignition, all properties had a discord. Additionally, in the case of density, fineness, and L.O.I, the relation with the density measured using hydrometer showed high correlation, especially fineness was strongly related with the density measured using hydrometer. Furthermore, according to the comparative analysis with previous research, the fly ash used in this research was similar measurement with raw powder without any refining process, it is considered that the constant error of blaine test or using raw ash sample as a fly ash. In current standard regarding fly ash, the fineness range of class 2 can be changed from $3,000-4,500cm^2/g$ to $3,500-4,500cm^2/g$ for improved quality of fly ash in fineness aspect.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2012

Objectives : This is the study to understand of the pulse wave factor according to BMI and period of sterility on female, and to confirm the relationship of pulse wave factor among left and right inch, bar and cubit. Methods : The Questions and measurement of the pulse wave were operated with subjects(76 sterile females using on public health center). The measurement of the pulse wave was operated in 6 part of left and right inch, bar and cubit. The pulse wave was prior measured in part of left bar (i.e. interior pulsation part of radial process styloides in left hand), and next was measured in part of left inch and bar. And the pulse wave was operated samely in part of right inch, bar and cubit. Results : The results were as follows. The pulse energy of 6 part of left and right inch, bar and cubit was showed statistical significance and decreased in order of left inch, right inch, left cubit, right cubit, left inch, right bar. The left and right inch and cubit were showed numerical value of normal range, but left and right bar were showed lower pulse eneregy than normal range. Also left and right cubit were showed lower than left and right inch, and higher than left and right bar. In BMI, The pulse energy of left and right inch, cubit and the average of right hand was not showed statistical significance in the range of low-weight, normal, over-weight and obesity. But in the left and right bar and the average of left hand, the pulse energy of over-weight and obesity group were showed significantly higher than low-weight group. And the pulse wave factor was divided the pattern of h1 showing high numerical value in inch (Ap, As, Aw) and the pattern of Wm showing high numerical value in bar and cubit (RAI, Ad) Conclusions : The low pulse energy of bar was significant observation on the setting of oriental medical diagnostic index on sterilitas. Also, in the numerical value pattern of diverse pulse wave factor, it was divided the pattern of high numerical value in inch and the pattern of high numerical value in bar and cubit. On this, we think that the studies need in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1447-1454
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• 2017

The realtime test data topic means that process for the data efficiently from many kinds of measurement device at the test range. There are many measurement devices in test range. The test range require accurate observation and determine on test object. In this realtime test data slaving framework system, the system can produce variety of test informations and all these data also must be transmitted to test information management or display system in realtime. Using RTI DDS(Data Distribution Service) middle ware Ver 5.2, we can product the efficiency of system usability and QoS(Quality of Service) requirements. So the application user enables to concentrate on applications, not middle ware. As the reason, Complex function is provided by the DDS, not the application such as Visualization Software. In this paper, I suggest the realtime test data topic on slaving framework of realtime test data based on DDS at the test range system.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.783-790
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• 2011

Purpose: The zygoma (Zygomaticomaxillary) complexes make up a large portion of the orbital floor and lateral orbital walls. Zygoma fracture frequently causes the posteromedial displacement of bone fragments, and the collapse or overlapping of internal orbital walls. This process consequently can lead to the orbital volume change. The reduction of zygoma in an anterolateral direction may influence on the potential bone defect area of the internal orbital walls. Thus we performed the quantitative analysis of orbital volume change in zygoma fracture before and after operation. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional computed tomography scans in 39 patients with zygoma fractures who had not carried out orbital wall reconstruction. Orbital volume measurement was obtained through Aquarius Ver. 4.3.6 program and we compared the orbital volume change of injured orbit with that of the normal contralateral orbit. Results: The average orbital volume of normal orbit was 19.68 $cm^3$. Before the operation, the average orbital volume of injured orbit was 18.42 $cm^3$. The difference of the orbital volume between the injured orbit and the normal orbit was 1.18 $cm^3$ (6.01%) on average. After operation, the average orbital volume of injured orbit was 20.81 $cm^3$. The difference of the orbital volume between the injured orbit and the normal orbit was 1.17 $cm^3$ (5.92%) on average. Conclusion: There are considerable volume changes in zygoma fracture which did not accompany internal orbital wall fracture before and after operation. Our study reflects the change of bony frame, also that of all parts of the orbital wall, in addition to the bony defect area of orbital floor, in an isolated zygoma fracture so that it evaluates orbital volume change more accurately. Thus, the measurement of orbital volume in isolated zygoma fractures helps predict the degree of enophthalmos and decide a surgical plan.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.397-397
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• 2013

The electrical, electronic, optical properties and the local structure of Nickel Oxide (NiO) thin film have been investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Reflection Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (REELS), UV-spectrometer,Hall Effect measurement and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The XPS results show that the Ni 2p spectra for all films consist of $Ni2p_{3/2}$ at around 854.5 eV which indicate the presence of Ni-O bond from NiO phase and for the annealed film at temperature above $200^{\circ}C$ shows the coexist Ni oxide and Ni metal phase. The REELS spectra showed that the band gaps of the NiO thin films were abruptly decreased with increasing temperature. The values of the band gaps are consistent with the optical band gaps estimated by UV-Spectrometer. The optical transmittance spectra shows that the transparency of NiO thin films in the visible light region was deteriorated with higher temperature due to existence of $Ni^0$. Hall Effect measurement suggest that the NiO thin films prepared at relatively low temperatures (RT and $100^{\circ}C$) are suitable for fabricating p-type semiconductor which showed that the best properties was achieved at $100^{\circ}C$, such as a low resistivity of $7.49{\Omega}.cm$. It can be concluded that the annealing process plays a crucial role in converting from p type to n type semiconductor which leads to reducing electrical resistivity of NiO thin films. Furthermore, the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectrum at the Ni K-edge was used to address the local structure of NiO thin films. It was found that the thermal treatments increase the order in the vicinity of Ni atom and lead the NiO thin films to bunsenite crystal structure. Moreover, EXAFS spectra show in increasing of coordination number for the first Ni-O shell and the bond distance of Ni-O with the increase of substrate temperature.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.315-326
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• 2020

Corporate efforts to build strong brands have made consumers interested in brand love. In the field of brand love, however, there is a lack of systematic research on the multidimensionality of the concept of brand love and on the scale development to measure it. Thus, based on the methodological research design of Churchill(1979) and DeVellis(1991), this study explored properties of brand love and classified them into two levels - 'emotion' and 'relationship' - and generated corresponding measurement items. To do this, the research was conducted in a total of eight stages, including preliminary studies such as literature review, open surveys, and in-depth interviews, as well as the main study process in which the factors were analyzed step by step. As a result, the level of emotion appeared to have five subcomponents (self-esteem, warmth, interest, responsibility, pleasure) with 19 items, and the level of relationship - three subcomponents (unchanging, sharing/supporting, understanding) with 11 items, adding up to a total of 30 measurement items for brand love with reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and nomological validity. Additionally, we intended to expand the scope of research related to brand love by presenting the result model of organic interaction between the concepts that constitute brand love and proposing '4 categories of brand love strength' based on it.