• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.124-134
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• 2020

Here we review the evolutionary history of radiation therapy technology through the festschrift of articles in celebration of the 30th anniversary of Korean Society of Medical Physics (KSMP). Radiation therapy technology used in clinical practice has evolved over a long period of time. Various areas of science, such as medical physics, mechanical engineering, and computer engineering, have contributed to the continual development of new devices and techniques. The scope of this review was restricted to two areas; i.e., output energy production and functional development, because it is not possible to include all development processes of this technology due to space limitations. The former includes the technological transition process from the initial technique applied to the first model to the latest technique currently used in a variety of machines. The latter has had a direct effect on treatment outcomes and safety, which changed the paradigm of radiation therapy, leading to new guidelines on dose prescriptions, innovation of dose verification tools, new measurement methods and calculation systems for radiation doses, changes in the criteria for errors, and medical law changes in all countries. Various complex developments are covered in this review. To the best of our knowledge, there have been few reviews on this topic and we consider it very meaningful to provide a review in the festschrift in celebration of the 30th anniversary of the KSMP.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2021

This study was conducted to explore factors for evaluating creative problem-solving ability and to identify measurement items. After reviewing the previous study, a questionnaire was conducted, and from that, 7 factors and 26 preliminary questions were obtained. Regarding the creative problem-solving ability, problem-discovery ability, idea generation ability, idea evaluation ability, and idea execution ability were confirmed in the problem-solving process. In addition, the factors of interaction ability between problem solving practitioners and creative efficacy of problem solving practitioners were explored. Finally, in the above results, metaphors and figurative cognitive thinking ability and evaluation items for creative problem-solving ability of HTE creative education model were presented. Through subsequent studies, we hope to serve as the groundwork of the evaluation model of HTE creative education.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.423-428
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• 2011

Hydration characteristics of cement containing zeolite mined at Daepo in Gyeongbuk province were studied for use as a mineral admixture. The cement paste containing zeolite was characterized by the measurement of heat evolution, XRD, EDS, nitrogen adsorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The cement paste containing zeolite exhibited tendencies toward acceleration of paste setting and promotion of cement hydration with the increase of zeolite content. The flow of mortar containing zeolite strongly reduced with increase of zeolite content. Compressive strength of the mortar containing zeolite increased very rapidly at an early age in comparison with plain mortar. These results would be related to aluminum species escaped from zeolite particles during the alkali dealumination of zeolite by the hydration process of cement.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2021

Evaluating the impurity concentrations in semiconductor thin films using time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is an effective technique. The mass interference between isotopes and matrix element in data interpretation makes the process complex. In this study, we have investigated the doping concentration of phosphorus in, phosphorus doped silicon thin film on glass using ToF-SIMS in the dynamic mode of operation. To overcome the mass interference between phosphorus and silicon isotopes, the quantitative analysis of counts to concentration conversion was done following two routes, standard relative sensitivity factor (RSF) and SIMetric software estimation. Phosphorus doped silicon thin film of 180 nm was grown on glass substrate using hot wire chemical vapor deposition technique for possible applications in optoelectronic devices. Using ToF-SIMS, the phosphorus-31 isotopes were detected in the range of 10¹~10⁴ counts. The silicon isotopes matrix element was measured from p-type silicon wafer from a separate measurement to avoid mass interference. For the both procedures, the phosphorus concentration versus depth profiles were plotted which agree with a percent difference of about 3% at 100 nm depth. The concentration of phosphorus in silicon was determined in the range of 10¹⁹~10²¹ atoms/cm³. The technique will be useful for estimating distributions of various dopants in the silicon thin film grown on glass using ToF-SIMS overcoming the mass interference between isotopes.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.16-25
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• 2020

The operation of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a complex task which requires to consider several aspects: adapting to always changing influent composition and volume, ensuring treated effluents quality complies with local regulations, ensuring dissolved oxygen levels in biological reaction tanks are sufficient to avoid anoxic conditions etc. all of it while minimizing usage of chemicals and power consumption. The traditional way of managing WWTPs consists in having employees on the field measure various parameters and make decisions based on their judgment and experience which holds various concerns such as the low frequency of data, errors in measurement and difficulty to analyze historical data to propose optimal solutions. In the case of activated sludge WWTPs, parts of the treatment process can be automated and controlled in order to satisfy various control objectives. The models developed by the International Water Association (IWA) have been extensively used worldwide in order to design and assess the performance of various control strategies. In this work, we propose to review most recent WWTP automation initiatives around the world and identify most currently used control parameters and control architectures. We then suggest a framework to select WWTP model, control parameters and control scheme in order to develop and benchmark control strategies for WWTP automation.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.297-306
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• 2020

This paper reviews studies on the types and functions of oil sensors used for machine condition monitoring. Machine condition monitoring is essential for maintaining the reliability of machines and can help avoid catastrophic failures while ensuring the safety and longevity of operation. Machine condition monitoring involves several components, such as compliance monitoring, structural monitoring, thermography, non-destructive testing, and noise and vibration monitoring. Real-time monitoring with oil analysis is also utilized in various industries, such as manufacturing, aerospace, and power plants. The three main methods of oil analysis are off-line, in-line, and on-line techniques. The on-line method is the most popular among these three because it reduces human error during oil sampling, prevents incipient machine failure, reduces the total maintenance cost, and does not need complicated setup or skilled analysts. This method has two advantages over the other two monitoring methods. First, fault conditions can be noticed at the early stages via detection of wear particles using wear particle sensors; therefore, it provides early warning in the failure process. Second, it is convenient and effective for diagnosing data regardless of the measurement time. Real-time condition monitoring with oil analysis uses various oil sensors to diagnose the machine and oil statuses; further, integrated oil sensors can be used to measure several properties simultaneously.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.77 no.2
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• pp.151-165
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• 2021

This paper aims to present a novelty damage detection method to identify damage locations by the simultaneous use of both the energy and displacement damage indices. Using this novelty method, the damaged location and even the damaged floor are accurately detected. As a first method, a combination of the instantaneous frequency energy index (EDI) and the structural acceleration responses are used. To evaluate the first method and also present a rapid assessment method, the Displacement Damage Index (DDI), which consists of the error reliability (β) and Normal Probability Density Function (NPDF) indices, are introduced. The innovation of this method is the simultaneous use of displacement-acceleration responses during one process, which is more effective in the rapid evaluation of damage patterns with velocity vectors. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, various damage scenarios of the ASCE benchmark problem, and the effects of measurement noise were studied numerically. Extensive analyses show that the rapid proposed method is capable of accurately detecting the location of sparse damages through the building. Finally, the proposed method was validated by experimental studies of a six-story steel building structure with single and multiple damage cases.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2021

In this study, a new approach using electrical resistivity measurement was proposed to detect grout penetration and to evaluate the grouting performance for such as waterproof efficiency in single rock fracture. For this purpose, an electrical resistivity monitoring system was designed to collect multi-channel data in real time. This was applied to a system for grout injection/penetration using a transparent fracture replica with various aperture sizes and water-cement mix ratio. The electrical resistivity was measured under various grout penetration conditions in real time, which results were directly compared to the visual observation images of grout penetration/distribution. Moreover, the grouting success status after the curing process was evaluated by measuring the electrical resistivity in relation to changes in frequency in fracture cells where grout injection and penetration were completed. Consequently, it was determined that the electrical resistivity monitoring system could be applied effectively to the detection of successful penetration of grouting into a target area and to actual field evaluation of the grouting performance and long-term stability of underground rock structures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2021

Ammunition Demilitarization facility (ADF) should be set up the feasible goals and continue to operate, taking into account non-profit characteristics. However, due to the lack of performance measurement methods in ADF, which are essential to national policy at a significant cost each year, the reliability of the evaluation results can be insufficient. In this paper, the Balanced Score Card (BSC) method was applied that could be evaluated to reflect the financial and non-financial features. The relevant literature research and army regulations reflected the results of various interviews of the expert group. The extraction of success performance area in ADF was confirmed using the BSC method and the Decision Variable (DV) candidate was created to use regression for selecting the DV. Additionally, the key performance indicator was presented by verification the feasibility of content by conducting the survey of experts. The implications of this paper are as follows. First, the proposed BSC model was found to be suitable for practical use in ADF reflecting the non-profit characteristics. Second, accurate evaluation of ADF can contribute to long-term development of ADF. Finally, it can be applied to the management process of the other military sector, so it can be expected to play a role in providing basic data and spreading it to other areas.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.205-219
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• 2021

Purpose: This concept analysis was conducted to clarify 'parents' treatment adherence for an epileptic child or adolescent'. Methods: The analysis used a hybrid model comprising three phases: theoretical phase, fieldwork phase, and integration phase. In the theoretical phase, fifty studies were reviewed. Interviews with four parents of epileptic children or adolescents were conducted during the fieldwork phase. In the integration phase, the results derived from prior phases were synthesized and clarified. All phases were performed cyclically. Results: The concept, 'parents' treatment adherence for an epileptic child or adolescent' was defined as parents' voluntary and goal-directed behavior towards the epilepsy treatment for their children: a collaborative decision-making process with health-care providers, establishing a support system, adaptability to the treatment plans, and appraisals of the child's health condition. Conclusion: This achievement is thought to contribute to improving the accuracy and validity of the concept measurement. It has implications for additional research on how the concept 'treatment adherence' differs in diverse health problems and other population groups than parents of children and adolescents with epilepsy.