• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.1635-1648
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• 2008

The extraction of important features in cancer cell image analysis is a key process in grading renal cell carcinoma. In this study, we applied three-dimensional (3D) texture feature extraction methods to cell nuclei images and evaluated the validity of them for computerized cell nuclei grading. Individual images of 2,423 cell nuclei were extracted from 80 renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). First, we applied the 3D texture mapping method to render the volume of entire tissue sections. Then, we determined the chromatin texture quantitatively by calculating 3D gray-level co-occurrence matrices (3D GLCM) and 3D run length matrices (3D GLRLM). Finally, to demonstrate the suitability of 3D texture features for grading, we performed a discriminant analysis. In addition, we conducted a principal component analysis to obtain optimized texture features. Automatic grading of cell nuclei using 3D texture features had an accuracy of 78.30%. Combining 3D textural and 3D morphological features improved the accuracy to 82.19%. As a comparative study, we also performed a stepwise feature selection. Using the 4 optimized features, we could obtain more improved accuracy of 84.32%. Three dimensional texture features have potential for use as fundamental elements in developing a new nuclear grading system with accurate diagnosis and predicting prognosis.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

Garlic is one of the major seasoning vegetables in Korea and consumed mostly in a form of peeled cloves. Conventional Korean standards for garlic grading consist of four classes according to the size of bulb and its shape. Sorting and grading of garlic are manually done but could be in the process of automated mechanization using machine vision system in the near future. The proportion of mass of cloves in a garlic bulb to the volume of the bulb (g/ml) was determined to find out the best way of representing both the quantity and quality of cloves in each bulb. Garlic bulb was assumed as an ellipsoid and its major and minor axis and its height were measured to calculate its volume. The mass proportions and density of a garlic bulb and cloves were measured for four domestic varieties of garlic to propose it as a standard for Korean garlic grading machine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-56
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• 1994

The Purpose of this study was to utilize of CAD System in pattern making process for women's apparel. The automation by the use of CAD System provides the higher accuracy and efficiency in pattern making process. AccuMark 300 System was used. for .this study. The results from this study were as follows . 1. New size spec chart and grading pitch chart were developed based on the data analysis and fitting tests for female college students. 2. New jacket block was developed based on the torso length sloper 3. Automatic grading of jacket block have been developed by creation and modification of grading rules of block pattern. 4. Pattern Design Systyem(P/D/S) were enabled to be constructed directly form a block pattern by modifications to existing styled pattern. 5. Original master pattern was generated by P/D/S menu option. 6. Production pattem added seam allowance, notchs was generated by P/D/S menu option. 7 Interative maker making process have enabled to save a wide range of time and space. 8. Measurement of garment by P/D/S measuring tools is to utilize in garment costing, quality control.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop the size and grading increments chart for the middle-aged obese women compared with normal women in middle age. Seven hundred and thirty three women's data from the 4th National Korean Size Survey for Standardization (1997) were analyzed. It was found that size increment of bust and hip girth of obese women was different from that of ordinary middle-aged women. The rate of coverage for a certain set of size specification and the grading increment value for the clothing of Korean obese women in middle aged group were also suggested. The relative percentage value of grading rule based on the change in bust girth increment of Korean obese women was quite different from that of American women. In conclusion, it was noted that the characteristics of the body size specification of obese women was quite different from those of the corresponding age group, so that the separated size specification and grading rule are needed to be used in the manufacturing process of obese women's clothing.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.174-183
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• 2014

Purpose: A robust, efficient auto-grading computer vision system for meat carcasses is in high demand by researchers all over the world. In this paper, we discuss our study, in which we developed a system to speed up line processing and provide reliable results for pork grading, comparing the results of our algorithms with visual human subjectivity measurements. Methods: We differentiated fat and lean using an entropic correlation algorithm. We also developed a self-designed robust segmentation algorithm that successfully segmented several porkcut samples; this algorithm can help to eliminate the current issues associated with autothresholding. Results: In this study, we carefully considered the key step of autoextracting lean tissue. We introduced a self-proposed scheme and implemented it in over 200 pork-cut samples. The accuracy and computation time were acceptable, showing excellent potential for use in online commercial systems. Conclusions: This paper summarizes the main results reported in recent application studies, which include modifying and smoothing the lean area of pork-cut sections of commercial fresh pork by human experts for an auto-grading process. The developed algorithms were implemented in a prototype mobile processing unit, which can be implemented at the pork processing site.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 1992

These studies were brought about to know how much the elctronic methods of raw silk testing is correct, effective and convenient in the testing process. These effectiveness and convenience for the testing process under the emergency of the automatic system in raw silk inspecting process, the convenience of inspection in crease in it's capability decreasing the necessary working members, but as certain defect, the corresponding time span needs more than the former case in kind. Judging from the above mentioned carefully, it is necessary or even immidiate for participants to deeply study and search in earnest as well, before adopting the so called International Method of Raw Silk Test and Classification which was proposed by S.S.C in 1990.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.48-54
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• 2019

This paper proposed a method of validation data augmentation for improving the grading accuracy of diabetic macular edema (DME) using deep learning. The data augmentation technique is basically applied in order to secure diversity of data by transforming one image to several images through random translation, rotation, scaling and reflection in preparation of input data of the deep neural network (DNN). In this paper, we apply this technique in the validation process of the trained DNN, and improve the grading accuracy by combining the classification results of the augmented images. To verify the effectiveness, 1,200 retinal images of Messidor dataset was divided into training and validation data at the ratio 7:3. By applying random augmentation to 359 validation data, $1.61{\pm}0.55%$ accuracy improvement was achieved in the case of six times augmentation (N=6). This simple method has shown that the accuracy can be improved in the N range from 2 to 6 with the correlation coefficient of 0.5667. Therefore, it is expected to help improve the diagnostic accuracy of DME with the grading information provided by the proposed DNN.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.151-162
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• 2006

The purpose of this thesis is to upgrade brand logo's equity by objective and professional evaluating tool. A brand logo is the main factor in making brand equity, but many times a brand logo is decided without objective judgment because making a logo is considered an intuitive process. To minimize the poor judgment by non-experts, a brand logo needs objective numerical grading tool. Thus, a brand logo is a factor in making a brand identity, not only brand image. That is why brand logo must be chosen by an expert's object judgment. The concrete method to obtain a objective, and at the same time professional grading tool which can De used for the developing and verifying process for a brand logo is as below-first, considering brand judgment from various angles through existing literature, I found various logo grading factors and then extracted them with professional identity designer's subjective consideration. second, applying extracted factors to actual logo grading, verify as a efficient design management tool

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.28 no.B
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• pp.215-226
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• 2008

MIL-HDBK-217 has widely been used for electronics reliability predictions. Recently, the $217Plus^{TM}$ has been developed by DoD RIAC and may replace MIL-HDBK-217. A overview of the $217Plus^{TM}$ has been performed in this paper. We first reviewed the overall concepts and reliability prediction procedures. We then explained the component models and the system level model with process grading concepts. Bayesian approach incorporating field data into the predicted failure rate is another feature of this methodology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.53-54
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• 2014

This study evaluates engineering properties of mortar using lightweight fine aggregate made by bottom ash discharged air cooling process according to grading. Then we confirm possibility of use as lightweight fine aggregate. Consequently, Mix using bottom ash need additional examination for a change with the passage of time of flow. Also, mix of S indicates similar compressive strength with mix of Plain and 16% decrease of unit weight compared to mix of Plain; while mix of B indicates 10% decrease of compressive strength and 16% decrease of unit weight. Therefore, this study shows that mix of S and B is superior compared with other mix.