• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.5 s.52
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• pp.641-654
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• 1995

The purpose of this report is to present the cause and treatment of posterior open bite. Posterior open bite is the open bite limited to posterior teeth. These problem usually are attributed to a mechanical interference with the eruption process, either ankylosis or some soft tissue interference. But, in some patient, lateral open bite is due to a disturbance of the eruptive mechanism itself and other disease or side effect following other treatment. Distinguising cause of posterior open bite, lack of eruption due to some external interference with eruption or primary failure of eruption mechanism, is important clinically because this determines the prognosis for orthodontic treatments. The characteristics, differential diagnosis with posterior open bite due to other etiologies and the treatment of these problems are presented and discussed,.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.649-656
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• 2000

Consolidation of the ground surrounding the sand piles is delayed by well resistance and smear effect. This study is executed to understand the factors that affect the characteristics of consolidation. This was accomplished by utilizing the estimated and measured values of the soil properties through the monitoring of the ground surrounding the sand piles. When it is assumed that the horizontal coefficient is equal to the vertical coefficient of consolidation, the estimated values is exceedingly similar to the measured values. The properties of the initially disturbed soil by the sand pile installation seemed to improve through the process of consolidation with the passage of time. From the results of the analysis of the settlement measurement, the measured values occurred about 60～90% of the predicted values. Considering the initial radical compression deformation, according to the theory of cavity expansion, the difference between the two appears to be in good agreement. In this study, to understand the behavioral characteristics of the ground surrounding the sand piles requires estimation through considering the initial radial compression as well as smear effect of the soil disturbance and well resistance.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.37-39
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• 2009

In the research of speech recognition, locating the beginning and end of a speech utterance in a background of noise is of great importance. Since the background noise presenting to record will introduce disturbance while we just want to get the stationary parameters to represent the corresponding speech section, in particular, a major source of error in automatic recognition system of isolated words is the inaccurate detection of beginning and ending boundaries of test and reference templates, thus we must find potent method to remove the unnecessary regions of a speech signal. The conventional methods for speech endpoint detection are based on two simple time-domain measurements - short-time energy, and short-time zero-crossing rate, which couldn't guarantee the precise results if in the low signal-to-noise ratio environments. This paper proposes a novel approach that finds the Lyapunov exponent of time-domain waveform. This proposed method has no use for obtaining the frequency-domain parameters for endpoint detection process, e.g. Mel-Scale Features, which have been introduced in other paper. Comparing with the conventional methods based on short-time energy and short-time zero-crossing rate, the novel approach based on time-domain Lyapunov Exponents(LEs) is low complexity and suitable for Digital Isolated Word Recognition System.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.839-845
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• 2013

A CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor) is a highly nonlinear process with varying parameters during operation. Therefore, tuning of the controller and determining the transition policy of controller parameters are required to guarantee the best performance of the CSTR for overall operating regions. In this paper, a methodology employing the 2DOF (Two-Degree-of-Freedom) PID controller, the anti-windup technique and a fuzzy gain scheduler is presented for the temperature control of the CSTR. First, both a local model and an EA (Evolutionary Algorithm) are used to tune the optimal controller parameters at each operating region by minimizing the IAE (Integral of Absolute Error). Then, a set of controller parameters are expressed as functions of the gain scheduling variable. Those functions are implemented using a set of "if-then" fuzzy rules, which is of Sugeno's form. Simulation works for reference tracking, disturbance rejecting and noise rejecting performances show the feasibility of using the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.892-896
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• 2001

Investigation is performed on the stability of nonlinear system under turbulent fluid motion modelled as white noise random process, which is a preliminary result in the course of research on the characteristic and nonlinear control of the stochastic system. Adopted physical model is beam-type structure with tip-mass and main base mass. The governing equation is derived via F-P-K approach in stochastic sense. By means of Gaussian Closure method infinite dynamic moment equations due to system nonlinearity is closed to finite one. At the best of authors' knowledge, it is the first trial to design nonlinear controller by using of sliding mode technique in stochastic domain and control performance and effect in stochastic domain is studied.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.351-354
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• 2006

In underwater environment, the control of AUV is difficult, because of the existence of parameter uncertainties and disturbances as well as highly nonlinear and coupled system dynamics. The requirement for the simple and robust controller which works satisfactorily in those dynamical uncertainties, call for a design using the PD or sliding mode controller. The PD controller is very popular controller in the industrial field and the sliding mode controller has been used successfully for the AUV controller design. In this paper, the two controllers arc designed for ISiMI(Integrated Submergible Intelligent Mission Implementation) AUV and the performances are compared by numerical simulation under the modeling uncertainty and disturbances. The design process of PD and sliding mode controller for ISiMI AUV and simulation results are included to compare the performances of the two controllers.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.948-955
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• 2008

The conventional PID controller has been widely employed in industry. However, the PID controller with one degree of freedom(DOF) can not optimize both set-point tracking response and disturbance rejection response at the same time. In order to solve this problem, a few types of 2DOF PID controllers have been suggested. In this paper, a tuning formula for a 2DOF PID controller is presented. The optimal parameter sets of the 2DOF PID controller are determined based on the first-order plus time delay process and a real-coded genetic algorithm(RCGA) such that the ITAE performance criterion is minimized. The tuning rule is then addressed using calculated parameter sets and another RCGA. A set of simulation works are carried out on three processes with time delay to verify the effectiveness of the proposed rule.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.781-792
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• 2016

This paper presents a new approach to enhance the data retention of logic-compatible embedded DRAMs. The memory bit-cell in this work consists of two logic transistors implemented in generic triple-well CMOS process. The key idea is to use the parasitic junction capacitance built between the common cell-body and the data storage node. For each write access, a voltage transition on the cell-body couples up the data storage levels. This technique enhances the data retention and the read performance without using additional cell devices. The technique also provides much strong immunity from the write disturbance in the nature. Measurement results from a 64-kbit eDRAM test chip implemented in a 130 nm logic CMOS technology demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed circuit technique. The refresh period for 99.9% bit yield measures $600{\mu}s$ at 1.1 V and $85^{\circ}C$, enhancing by % over the conventional design approach.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.755-765
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• 1999

Most people experience fatigue at some point in their lives, and they say the word ‘fatigue’ in their ordinary conversational speech. The ordinary word is used as a military or engineering term and has been studied in various different disciplines, such as ergonomics, physiology, psychology, medicine, and nursing. In spite of its widespread uses, however, fatigue has not been well defined. The term of fatigue Is thus often used with different meanings and is applied in diverse contexts that had led to a confusion of ideas. In people with cancer, fatigue is reported as a major distress. Despite the importance of fatigue in cancer patients, the phenomena of fatigue is poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to analyze the concept of fatigue in people with cancer. The process for the concept analysis was guided by Walker and Avant's conceptual analysis methodology. The identified attributes of fatigue in the present study were subjective feeling, lack of energy, sustenance, and multidimensions. The antecedents were cancer treatment and economic status. The consequences were decreased daily, vocational, leisure, and social activities, uncertainty, and difficulties in adjustment. Symptoms (pain, anorexia, and insomnia) and emotional disturbance were not clear whether they are antecedents or consequences. However, they are related with cancer related fatigue. Even though still in the beginning stage, instruments measuring cancer related fatigue have been developed by some nursing investigators.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.136-143
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• 2013

Objectives We reviewed cellular and synaptic dysconnectivity, disturbances in micro- and macro- circuitries, and neurodevelopmentally-derived disruptions of neural connectivity in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Method We reviewed the selected articles about disturbances in neural circuits which had been proposed as a pathogenetic mechanism of schizophrenia. Results The literature review reveals that schizophrenia may be a disease related to disturbance in neurodevelopmental mechanism, shown as 'a misconnection syndrome of neural circuit or neural network'. In descriptive psychopathological view, definition of a disorder of brain connectivity has limitation to explain other aspects of schizophrenia including deterministic strictness in thought process. Conclusion Schizophrenia is considered as a disorder of brain connectivity as well as a neurodevelopmental disorder related with genetic and environmental factors. We could make a suggestion that "JoHyeonByung (attunement disorder)" denotes the disturbances of psychic fine-tuning which correspond to the neural correlates of brain dysconnectivity metaphorically.