• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the result of modified Br$\ddot{o}$strom procedure with anchor suture and explore associate lesion under arthroscopy for chronic lateral instability. Materials and Methods: From May 2005 to March 2009, Retrospective analysis of 126 patients with chronic lateral instability who underwent modified Br$\ddot{o}$strom procedure with anchor suture and arthroscopic procedure was done. Mean follow-up period was 13 months. Results: Chronic lateral instability of the ankle almost had local synovitis by arthroscopic examination. There were osteochondral lesion of talus on the anteromedial aspect in 63 cases, on the anterolateral aspect in 25 cases, osteochondral lesion of tibia side in 8 cases, fat hypertrophy of tibiofibular space in 120 cases, anterior fat impingement in 26 cases, intra-articular loose body in 13 cases. Mean Karlsson scoring scale was improve from 53 preoperatively to 91 postoperatively, There were 70 cases excellent, 27 cases good, 26 cases fair, 3 cases poor result according to the Sefton procedure. Conclusion: Modified Br$\ddot{o}$strom procedure with anchor suture and arthroscopic procedure are reliable treatment method for chronic ankle lateral instability which has intraarticular pathology.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.666-674
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• 2010

There is a few problems in the preliminary seismic performance evaluation procedure of subway infrastructures, such as cut-and-cover tunnel structures and bridge structures, recently because the characteristics of subway infrastructures are not properly considered in the procedure. In particular, the evaluation procedure of vehicular bridge structures is applied to subway bridges without any modification. Moreover, the present evaluation procedure is lack of both theoretical and empirical backgrounds, which makes the evaluation less reliable. This paper presents problems in the existing preliminary evaluation procedure and proposes possible modification(revision) to the procedure.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.382-389
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• 2009

As the use of mobile device is popularized, the needs of variable services of WiMAX technique and the importance of security is increasing. There is a problem that can be easily attacked from a malicious attack because the action is achieved connectionlessly between neighbor link establishing procedure and TEK exchange procedure in mobile WiMAX even though typical 1 hop network security technique is adapted to WiMAX for satisfying these security requirement. In this paper, security connected mechanism which safely connects neighbor link establishing procedure of WiMAX and TEK exchange procedure additional to the basic function provided by IEEE 802.16e standard to satisfy security requirement of mobile WiMAX is proposed. The proposed mechanism strengthens the function of security about SS and BS by application random number and private value which generated by SS and BS to public key of neighbor link establishing procedure and TEK exchange procedure. Also, we can prevent from inside attack like man-in-the-middle which can occur in the request of TEK through cryptographic connection of neighbor link establishing procedure and TEK exchange procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.841-852
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• 2010

An integrated process control (IPC) procedure is a scheme which simultaneously applies the engineering control procedure (EPC) and statistical control procedure (SPC) techniques to reduce the variation of a process. In the IPC procedure, the observed deviations are monitored during the process where adjustments are repeatedly done by its controller. Because the effects of the noise, the special cause, and the adjustment are mixed, the use and properties of the SPC procedure for the out-of-control process are complicated. This paper considers efficiency of EWMA charts for detecting special causes in an ARMA(1,1) noise model with a minimum mean squared error adjustment policy. And we propose the readjustment procedure after having a true signal. This procedure can be considered when the elimination of the special cause is not practically possible.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2014

Investigation results on shear connections design procedure which is conducted in Korea show that there are many communication problems between structural engineer and detailer, and there are unnecessary work procedures. To solve conventional connection design procedure problems, improved shear connection design procedure is suggested. Most of suggested design procedure is controlled by structure engineer, and the introduction of connections standardization makes computer aided design possible. Standardized connection details are satisfied with structural safety and constructability, and it improves design efficiency. Many problems which are caused by conventional design procedure are fundamentally blocked by using suggested design procedure.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 2016

Background: It is necessary to assess radiation dose to workers due to inhalation of airborne particulates containing naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) to ensure radiological safety required by the Natural Radiation Safety Management Act. The objective of this study is to develop an internal dose assessment procedure for workers at industries using raw materials containing natural radionuclides. Materials and Methods: The dose assessment procedure was developed based on harmonization, accuracy, and proportionality. The procedure includes determination of dose assessment necessity, preliminary dose estimation, airborne particulate sampling and characterization, and detailed assessment of radiation dose. Results and Discussion: The developed dose assessment procedure is as follows. Radioactivity concentration criteria to determine dose assessment necessity are $10Bq{\cdot}g^{-1}$ for $^{40}K$ and $1Bq{\cdot}g^{-1}$ for the other natural radionuclides. The preliminary dose estimation is performed using annual limit on intake (ALI). The estimated doses are classified into 3 groups ( < 0.1 mSv, 0.1-0.3 mSv, and > 0.3 mSv). Air sampling methods are determined based on the dose estimates. Detailed dose assessment is performed using air sampling and particulate characterization. The final dose results are classified into 4 different levels ( < 0.1 mSv, 0.1-0.3 mSv, 0.3-1 mSv, and > 1 mSv). Proper radiation protection measures are suggested according to the dose level. The developed dose assessment procedure was applied for NORM industries in Korea, including coal combustion, phosphate processing, and monazite handing facilities. Conclusion: The developed procedure provides consistent dose assessment results and contributes to the establishment of optimization of radiological protection in NORM industries.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.42
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• pp.187-212
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• 2015

This study is focused on how Kim Sujang Gagok which celebrated Chingyeong Chinjam procedure was created on ChungHae year (1767). It largely consists of four main parts. First, it studied Chingyeong procedure which was arranged by the King on 26 February 1767. Chingyeong procedure was performed at the East Jeokjeon(this area is now Jeonnong-dong). Second, it also studied Chinjam procedure which was arranged by the Queen on 10 March 1767. Chinjam procedure was performed at the old ruins of Gyeongbok Palace. Third, Kim Sujang created the celebrated Gagok on 9 March, the day before Chinjam procedure. It tells that he certainly recognized Chinzamryae was contained within Chingyeongryae. Finally, While Kim Sujang served as a Seoli of Byeongjo and then got an additional office and a practical office for old man, he got involved in Chingyeong Chinjam procedure on ChungHae year. And consequently, it seems that he created those celebrated Sijo.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.308-315
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• 2012

Background: Long-term surveillance comparing satisfaction between the early experience of Nuss procedure vs. Ravitch procedure. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 patients that underwent surgical correction of a pectus excavatum between 2001 and 2004 and were followed for ${\geq}2$ years were included. Surveillance on the degree of satisfaction was performed using five-levels of the Likert scale and self-assessment scoring. Results: Nuss or Ravitch surgery was performed in 63 and 37 patients, respectively. The Nuss procedure required a shorter operation time and shorter hospital stay than the Ravitch procedure (p<0.001). The surveillance demonstrated that 17.6% of the Nuss group and 35.7% of the Ravitch group were not satisfied with the outcome of the surgery (p=0.072). The most common causes of dissatisfaction were redepression in the Nuss group (n=5) and incomplete correction in the Ravitch group (n=7). The multivariate analysis showed that reoperation and a high postoperative pectus index were significant risk factors for a low satisfaction score. Conclusion: The Nuss procedure had several advantages over the Ravitch procedure in the immediate postoperative period. However, the long-term satisfaction was determined by a complete correction without recurrence or need for re-intervention rather than by the operation type.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.46-64
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• 1997

Background & Objectives : Korea is face with the social need for health care technology assessment so that it is urgently needed to found principles and methodology in technology assessment in health care. As a groundwork for health care technology assessment, we tried to prioritize medical technology for assessment. Among medical technologies, procedure is somewhat difficult to assess, compared to drug or equipment. In this study, we aimed at the prioritisation of medical procedure to be assessed, in terms of efficay, safety, and adequacy. Method : For the standardized classification of medical procedure, ICD-9-CM(International Classification of Diseases 9th edition - Clinical Modification) was used. Among the list the procedures coming under otorhinolaringjology and thoracic surgery were selected by three family physicians. The list of procedure was mailed to the board certified surgeons of both disciplines, with the question asking about the necessity for assessment in terms of efficay, safety, and adequacy. Replied questionnaires were analyzed in each procedure. Results : Of 560 otorhinolaryngologist and 480 thoracic surgeon, 114 surgeons replied. Of otorhinolaryngological procedure, incision, excision, and destruction of inner ear : fenestration of inner ear : stapedectomy and its revision were the most urgent technology to assess in the aspect of safety. For adequacy, operations on Eustachian tube: fenestration of inner ear: incision, excision, and destruction of inner ear were highly ranked in necessity, and for efficary, operations on Eustachian tube; external maxillary antrotomy; fenestration of inner ear. Thoracic surgeons replied thoracic procedures, lung transplantation; heart transplantation; implantation of heart assist system [pump] are most important for evaluation in terms of safety; and heart transplantation; Lung transplantation; Implantation of heart assist system [pump] in terms of adequacy, and surgical collapse of lung [Artificia니 pnemothorax or pnuexoperitoeum]; lung transplantation; periarterial sympathectomy in terms of efficacy. As a whole, surgeons regard safety evaluation is more urgent than adequacy or efficary. In addition, otorhinolaryngological surgeons regard evaluation of their procedures more urgent than thoracic surgeons regard theirs. Conclusion : By the questionnaire to board certified physicians, we get some preliminary data for prioritisation of technologies to assess. Through the questionnaire like this, much information would be gathered for technology assessment, especially for medical procedure, if not enough. In the near future, well structured expert opinion gathering research, such as modified Delphi or nominal group technique, should be done succeedingly.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 1997

In this paper two preconditioned GMRES and QMR methods are applied to the non-Hermitian system from the Petrov-Galerkin procedure for the Poisson equation and compared to each other. To our purpose the ILUT and the SSOR preconditioners are used.