• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.20-25
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• 2019

Most multimedia signals contain image data, so the problem of efficient processing and transmitting the image data is an important task of the information society. This paper proposes a compression algorithm that reduces the color bits according to importance using YUV color space among the various methods of compressing image data. 4: 2: 2 subsampling is the standard in the field of video. Using the color information and the characteristics of the human retina, YUV color data was reduced by 4: 2: 2 subsampling. The YUV images and RGB images can be interconverted using the transformation matrix. The image data was converted into color space by YUV, and the relatively low U and V bits were subjected to a downscaling operation. The data was then compressed through 4: 2: 2 subsampling. The performance of the proposed algorithm was compared and analyzed by a comparison with existing methods. As a result of the analysis, it was possible to compress the image without reducing the information of the low importance color element and without significant deterioration in the quality compared to the original.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.127-143
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether strategic decision-making processes are related to decision effectiveness, using a longitudinal field study design. We studied 120 decisions to determine if procedural rationality and political behavior influence decision success, controlling for the goodwill of the environment and decision implementation. Our results indicate that decision-making processes are indeed related to decision success. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of strategic choice in environmental organizations. these studies often provided simple fragments of empirical tests without a well developed theoretical framework. This study attempts to fill this gap by examining policy adoption, specifically by investigating influences on policy decision making across 120 nations using multiple-regression analysis. The greater the number of international NGOs in which a national governmental participates, the more the nation is apt to adopt international environmental policies to see how real affect.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Information Technology
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.97-103
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• 2018

In this paper, the estimation method for the power signal harmonics is proposed by using the time-varying optimal finite impulse response (FIR) filter. To estimate the magnitude and phase-angle of the harmonic components, the time-varying optimal FIR filter is designed for the state space representation of the noisy power signal which the magnitude and phase is considered as a stochastic process. Since the time-varying optimal FIR filter used in the proposed method does not use any priori information of the initial condition and has FIR structure, the proposed method could overcome the demerits of Kalman filter based method such as poor estimation and divergence problem. Due to the FIR structure, the proposed method is more robust against to the model uncertainty than the Kalman filter. Moreover, the proposed method gives more general solution than the time-invariant optimal FIR filter based harmonic estimation method. To verify the performance and robustness of the proposed method, the proposed method is compared with time-varying Kalman filter based method through simulation.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 2019

Background: Physicians tend to overcorrect when applying the acellular dermal matrix for reconstructive option because of volume decrement problem after absorption comparing with initial volume. However, there are no studies on the exact volume decrement and absorption rate with commercial products in South Korea. To figure out absorption rate of acellular dermal matrix product in South Korea (Megaderm), authors designed this experiment. Methods: Nine mice were used and randomly divided into three groups by the time with sacrificing. The implant (Megaderm) was tailored to fit a cuboid form ($1.0cm{\times}1.0cm$ in length and width and 2.0 mm in thickness). A skin incision was made at anterior chest with blade #15 scalpel with exposing the pectoralis major muscle. As hydrated Megaderm was located upon the pectoralis major muscle, the skin was sutured with Ethilon #5-0. After the surgical procedure, each animal group was sacrificed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively, for biopsies and histological analysis of the implants. All samples were stained with routine hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining and the thickness were measured. A measurements were analyzed using Friedman test. Statistically, the correlation between thicknesses of Megaderm before and after implantation was analyzed. Results: After sacrificing the animal groups at postoperative 4, 8, 12 weeks, the mean tissue thickness values were $2.10{\pm}1.03mm$, $2.17{\pm}0.21mm$, and $2.40{\pm}0.20mm$ (p= 0.368), respectively. The remaining ratios after absorption comparing with after initial hydrated Megaderm were 82.7%, 85.4%, and 94.5%, respectively. In histopathological findings, neovascularization and density of collagenous fiber was increased with time. Conclusion: Author's hypothesis was absorption rate of implant would be increased over time. But in this experiment, there is no statistical significance between mean absorption thickness of implant and the time (p= 0.368). Also it can be affected by graft site, blood supply, and animals that were used in the experiment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 2019

Objective : Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a very serious health problem, usually caused by a trauma and accompanied by elevated levels of inflammation indicators. Stem cell-based therapy is promising some valuable strategies for its functional recovery. Nestin-positive progenitor and/or stem cells (SC) isolated from pancreatic islets (PI) show mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics. For this reason, we aimed to analyze the effects of rat pancreatic islet derived stem cell (rPI-SC) delivery on functional recovery, as well as the levels of inflammation factors following SCI. Methods : rPI-SCs were isolated, cultured and their MSC characteristics were determined through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. The experimental rat population was divided into three groups : 1) laminectomy & trauma, 2) laminectomy & trauma & phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and 3) laminectomy+trauma+SCs. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) labelled rPI-SCs were transplanted into the injured rat spinal cord. Their motilities were evaluated with Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) Score. After 4-weeks, spinal cord sections were analyzed for GFP labeled SCs and stained for vimentin, $S100{\beta}$, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proinflammatory (interleukin [IL]-6, transforming growth factor $[TGF]-{\beta}$, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-2, myeloperoxidase [MPO]) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonis) factors. Results : rPI-SCs were revealed to display MSC characteristics and express neural and glial cell markers including BDNF, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), fibronectin, microtubule associated protein-2a,b (MAP2a,b), ${\beta}3$-tubulin and nestin as well as anti-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 receptor, EP3. The BBB scores showed significant motor recovery in group 3. GFP-labelled cells were localized on the injury site. In addition, decreased proinflammatory factor levels and increased intensity of anti-inflammatory factors were determined. Conclusion : Transplantation of PI-SCs might be an effective strategy to improve functional recovery following spinal cord trauma.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.56-65
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• 2018

With rapid advance of technologies including information and communication technologies, jobs are evolving faster than ever. Architectural engineering is no exception in this regard, and the green architectural engineering is emerging fast as a promising new field. In this study, a Delphi study of expert architectural engineers are conducted to find out (1) near future prospects of the field, (2) near future emerging jobs, (3) competencies needed for these jobs, and (4) educational content necessary to build these competencies with regards to the green architectural engineering. Initial Delphi survey consisting of open-ended questions in the above four areas were conducted and came out with 65 items after duplicate removal and semantic refinements. Further refinements via second and third wave of Delphi results into 40 items that the 13 architectural engineering experts may largely agree upon as future prospects with regards to the green architectural engineering. Findings indicate that it is expected that the demand for green architectural engineering and needs for automatic energy control system increase. Also, collaborations with other fields is becoming more and more important in green architectural engineering. The professional work management skills such as knowledge convergence, problem solving, collaboration skills, and creativity linking components from various related areas seem to also be on the increasing need. Near future ready critical skills are found to be the building environment control techniques (thermal, light, sound, and air), the data processing techniques like data mining, energy monitoring, and the control and utilization of environmental analysis software. Experts also agree on new curriculum for green building architecture to be developed with more of converging subjects across disciplines for future ready professional skills and experiences. Major topics to be covered in the near future includes building environment studies, building energy management, energy reduction systems, indoor air quality, global environment and natural phenomena, and machinery and electrical facility. Architectural engineering community should be concerned with building up the competencies identified in this Delphi preparing for fast advancing future.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.331-342
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical dentistry curriculum in Korea and Japan in order to review the application of integrated curriculum in the field. We collected the clinical dentistry syllabi for 2015-16 of the department of dental hygiene of Korea G University and Japan N University. Using the data from Korea, items that were duplicated and integrated were classified by the subjects covered in clinical dentistry. In addition, through case studies conducted in Korea and Japan, we analyzed and compared the credits, class hours, teaching methods, and evaluation methods, by subject. In Korea the total class hours in clinical dentistry, including clinical practice, was 1,095, and in Japan it was 1,104. In Korea, the syllabus covered by each department consisted of about 200 hours centering on theoretical lectures. In Japan, the integrated form of clinical dentistry was taught, and the instructions included all the contents of clinical dental study and also problem-based learning for approximately 100 hours. To strengthen the competence of dental hygienists as professionals, who are actively involved in dental practice, it is necessary to integrate the education contents of segmented clinical dentistry from the perspective of dental hygiene. It is also important to apply teaching methods that can help students improve their ability to solve problems.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.45-55
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to provide the necessary data to explore the development plans of consumer organizations by looking at the spatial distribution of consumer organizations. This is because community-based consumer organizations can propose concrete measures to solve consumer problems more effectively. In this study, data of 11 consumer organizations and 815 branches were collected and analyzed using local indicators of spatial distribution and spatial lag model. First, it was difficult to find patterns according to the geographical characteristics of the spatial distribution of consumer organizations. Second, consumer organizations were more distributed in areas with large populations and businesses and large areas. Third, there is a discrepancy between the demand and supply of consumer organizations when compared with the number of consumer counseling. Based on this, it is necessary to constantly seek concrete development plans by supplementing the qualitative data on the activities of consumer organizations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.933-936
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• 2014

The government has the duty to prevent abuses of monopoly and promote competition in order to maximize consumer welfare. In order to promote competition we have to address the asymmetry in the information as possible and to ensure consumer choice. The subsidy seems to reduce the burden on the consumer service charges and handset prices but it virtually distort the market through price discrimination. The government caused the principal-agent problem by avoiding their appropriate role to prevent distortion of the mobile telecom market. The money used as subsidy could be transferred to down the price of cell phone and charges and it would be a benefit to consumers. Separate notice of subsidies by Mobile Communications Terminal Distribution Structure Improvement Act is a developed policy but it was too late. It, the market price close to that from perfect competition structure, is plausible, ultimately.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.667-674
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• 2019

The recent incidents of Nuclear Power Plant(NPP) gave rise to a total power outage caused by the loss of the functions of the off-site and the emergency power supply. Currently, emergency power supply of NPP have been taken into account by Li-ion batteries instead of existing lead-acid batteries. In order to judge the applicability of the cylindrical Li-ion battery, it is necessary to analysis the results of various electrical tests. This paper investigates the basic electrical characteristics test of three types of cylindrical batteries in order to select the most suitable battery and estimate state of battery through equivalent circuit model and propose method to solve the problem.