• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.533-544
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of leisure activities' on the satisfaction and psychological well-being of primary school students. The subjects of this study consisted of 467(boys=191, girls=276) primary school students. The data was analyzed by one way ANOVA, factor analysis, Chi-square analysis, correlation analysis and multi-regression analysis. The main findings of this were as follows: first, there were statistically significant differences in the kinds of activities participated in according to gender. Second, among of the subscale of leisure satisfaction, boys showed higher scores in more education and physical satisfaction than girls, and in the subscale of psychological well-being, boys indicated a higher score in flow and happiness than girls. Third, there were significant differences in leisure satisfaction and psychological well-being in the types of leisure activity. Fourth, the participation motivation of leisure activity statistically influenced psychological well-being. Fifth, leisure satisfaction partially influenced on psychological well-being. Social and environmental satisfaction significantly influenced flow. Education and social satisfaction significantly influenced happiness and psychological well-being.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.231-247
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors of ICT literacy in the primary school students in South Korea and to examine the gender and city size difference on the factor of ICT literacy. To accomplish this goal, we have analyzed the data of Korea Youth Competency Measurement and International Comparative Study I: ICCS 2016 which is nationally collected from the primary school students, currently on the 5 ~ 6th grades in South Korea. 1,188 samples were used in the study excluding missing samples. The participants were 584 5^th grad and 604 6^th grad students, 620 males (52.2%) and 568 females (47.8%). The mean age was 13.49 years (SD=.52). The result of the study reveals the four factors of ICT literacy through cross-validating exploratory factor analysis and confirmative factor analysis; pleasure of using ICT, perceived usefulness of using ICT, learning ability with using ICT, and operating ability of ICT. This study found that the leaner differ in gender on learning ability with using ICT and pleasure of using ICT. The female students were significantly larger than male students on learning ability with using ICT. However, the male students were significantly larger than male students on pleasure of using ICT. This study found that the leaner differ in city size on the factors of ICT literacy excluding pleasure of using ICT. The students living in the big size city were significantly larger than the students living in the middle and small. That is, over all, female students were more learning with ICT, male students were more interesting about ICT, and the students living in the big size city were more ICT use for learning. Based on the results, some strategies were suggested on the proper use of the factors of ICT in education.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2009

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify Korean primary school students' knowledge of menstruation, their emotional reaction to menarche, the attitude toward menstruation and coping behaviors. Method: A cross-sectional survey design was employed in this study. The subjects were 200 female students who were recruited from 5th and 6th grade in five primary schools in J city, Korea. Data was collected by a structured questionnaire. Result: About forty-four percent of the subjects had experiences with menarche. The mean age of menarche was 12.4. The mean score of the students' knowledge of menstruation was 2.26 on a seven point scale. The mean scores of the emotional reaction to menarche and the attitude toward menstruation were 3.20 and 3.74 on a five point scale, respectively. Knowledge of menstruation was significantly related with a positive emotional reaction to menarche and a positive attitude toward menstruation. Also, there were significant differences in the knowledge of menstruation, the emotional reaction to menarche and attitude of menstruation among female students with positive coping behaviors and those without positive coping behaviors. Conclusion: Beyond the simple transference of knowledge, girls need to also be given mental and emotional support in order to minimize emotional and socio-psychological problems caused by early menarche.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.139-147
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• 2015

This study deals with actual commuting distance and influence of risk factors depending on commuting distance and mode in order to reestablish actual commuting zone of primary school students. Data mining analysis(CHAID) was applied for this reestablishment using survey results from 6,927 primary school students in Seoul Metro. Six risk factors; convenience level of commuting path condition, convenience level of road crossing condition, vehicle speed on commuting path, segregation level between commuter and vehicle, congestion level of commuting path, and public security level and two mode; walking and cycle are considered in the analysis. As the results of CHAID analysis, commuting distance was divided into four zones; Internal Zone(0.491km under), External Zone(0.492 ~ 1.492km, 1.493 ~ 2.699km), Commutable Zone(2.70km over), and awareness level on safety is declined as commuting distance is increased. The risk factor affecting on safety is recognized differently by students depending on commuting distance and mode. For students commuting by walking, vehicle speed on commuting path and convenience level of commuting path condition are recognized as the prime risk factor within Internal Zone and Commutable Zone, respectively. For students commuting by cycle, convenience level of road crossing condition and vehicle speed on commuting path are recognized as the prime risk factor within Commutable Zone. Analysis results show that improved plan and program for commuting path for primary school students are required considering actual commuting distance and method.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.155-171
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out how well the primary school students are practicing the health promotion behaviors and the factors relating their health promotion behavior. Methods: This study was carried out by using questionnaires with 1,215 students attending at a 6th grade, 16 primary schools which arranged the school health teachers in Kyoungpook, Chilkok Gun from the 21th through 22th of December 2004. Among them, 1,189 were included in final analysis. The collected data was analyzed through frequency, percentage mean and standard deviation, multiple regression. Results: According to the data from multiple regression of analysis which has the health promotion behavior practice as a subordinate variable, in male students' case the degree of health promotion behavior practice becomes high in proportion to their parents' interest in health, to their perceived self efficacy, and in case of the barriers of the health promotion behavior practice. As to the female students, their health behavior practice becomes high in proportion to their parents' interest in health. It also becomes high in proportion to the perceived health status, the understanding of the importance of the health, internal health locus of control in personality, the perceived self efficacy and the perceived benefit of the health promotion behavior. But in case of the barriers of the health promotion behavior, it was the same as the male students' case. Conclusions: As the results of study, it showed that the knowledge to importance of health, the self efficacy, the knowledge of benefit of health promotion behaviors and the health concern to the children of the parents were related to health promotion behaviors of the primary school students. So, through the systematic development of health education program, we induced to desirable direction for the changeable factors of actions to health promotion for the health, and through the connective guidelines between the School and the Home, we have to adapt to effective health promotion program for the health management of the young boys and girls.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 1999

The purpose of the study was to ascertain the trends of future circumstances in primary education along with population change. These trends, which are subject to change in population and structure, have a great impact on the size and characteristics of primary school-aged children. Accordingly, it is imperative for the government to plan for future conditions involving primary education. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. In the long-term primary school children aged 6-11, which accounted for 17.7% of the total population in 1970, will decline to 8.6% by the year 2000, 6.9% in 2020 and 6.4% in 2030. This drastic reduction in fertility rate is a direct result of pressure by the government to control population. 2. In 1996, the total number of classes in primary schools rose to 106,594. In the future, these numbers will actually decline. By 2003 the total number of classes will peak at 142,605, but until then drop off to 112,288 by 2030-a decrease of over 6,000. 3. The actual number of primary schools in 1997 totaled 5,721. This figure will reach its highest peak, 5,942, in 2003, but it is expected decrease later after declining by 1,263, it will bottom out at 4,679 in 2003. 4. The number of teachers at primary schools increased from 101,095 in 1970, 119, 064 in 1980, 136,800 in 1990 to 138,369 in 1995. Accordingly this means that the ratio of students to teaching staff changed for the better. By the year 2005, if teachers of specialty subjects (music, art, English, physical education) are assigned to every primary school with over 18 classrooms and the number of students per class is 30, it should improve educational surroundings. This is because it is expected that the population of primary school children will continue to grow until 2003 and then decrease. Thus, there is a need to maintain the number of primary school teachers between the years 2003 and 2030 so that the ratio of students to teachers will be reduced to 1/20.25. In considering factors related to migration which influence conditions of education, it is evident that changes have already begun. In the suburbs of Seoul, population shifts are causing overcrowding in classrooms. The government believes it would be inefficient to invest in education because fluctuating migration figures make it impossible. Accordingly, we have to be concerned about stabilizing the population throughout the entire country.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.125-139
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• 2005

Objectives: More than half of youth smokers start to use cigarettes in their middle-school ages. Thus, middle school students should be the primary target population for smoking prevention education although the technical smoking rate is higher in high school students than in middle school students. Based on this significance, this study examined personal and social factors reinforcing non-smoking middle school students to acquire positive attitudes on smoking cigarettes. Methods: A total of 1,081 students of the 3 middle schools in Seoul participated in the self-administered survey. The designated schools were conveniently selected and all the 2nd-grade students of the schools participated in the survey. The questionnaire asked reinforcing social factors of smoking such as, family and parental history of drug use, close-people's smoking and drug use, personal experience of drug use, perceived smoking and drug use knowledge and attitudes, perceived smoking intention in future, and other delinquent behaviors. Results: Personal experience of drug and delinquent behaviors, perceived smoking intention in future, perceived knowledge of smoking, educational experience, and close-people's smoking and drug use were significantly related to students' attitudes on smoking. The significant factors affecting the positive attitudes of smoking were living with broken family and few education experience of smoking in school as social factors and strong smoking intention in future, high score of delinquent behavior, and low score of drug use knowledge as personal factors. Conclusions: Adolescents' strong smoking intention and little smoking education experience would primary personal and social factors reinforcing positive attitudes on smoking. Thus, school-based educational programs preventing smoking intention need to be developed and to be delivered to middle school students to minimize the future smoking population in a long-term perspective.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2011

The Goals of mathematics education for the lower grades of primary school is to shape the basic concepts and the skills of mathematics. To achieve this goal, it is necessary an assessment which is able to help the students' learning activities by precisely diagnosing their basic mathematical capability. It should lend the students an assistance in diagnosing and revising their problems throughout teacher's cognitive participation in the process of mathematical problem solving. I would like to suggest the dynamic assessment as one of these kinds of approaches. In order to prove the utilities of this way, it was examined the necessity of dynamic assessment on the basis of the Vygotsky's theory after looking into the characteristics of the contents and methods of the mathematics education for the lower grades of primary school. Next, I researched the principles of the dynamic assessment and embodied the assessment tool to evaluate the mathematical achievement of the lower grades of the primary school. Lastly, it was provided the examples of the dynamic assessment tool in order to assist the practice of it.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.9 no.4 s.24
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• pp.317-328
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• 2005

The aim of this study is to investigate future teachers' skills that can make problem solving methods concrete for 7-11 year old students. For the students in the concrete operations level, solutions of word problems should also be taught by concreting. But most of teacher candidates can not solve the problems without algebra because they got used to solve the word problems with algebra during their high school and university education. In this study, whether the teacher candidates have the skills of solving the primary school level problems without using algebra or not are being observed. At the end of this observation it is determinated that primary level teacher candidates generally prefer using algebra operations because of their former habits. The results show that in the education of the primary level teacher candidates, there is the need of developing the solving skills using figures and diagrams without algebra rather than algebraic solutions in word problems.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to examine the effects of a smoking prevention program on primary school students. Method: The design for this study was a nonequivalent quasi-experimental control group pretest-posttest. The smoking prevention program was provided to grade 5 and 6 students selected from two schools in Jecheon. The experimental group consisted of 72 students and the control group, 73 students. A smoking prevention program composed of smoking prevention education (once a week for 40 minutes over a period of 8 weeks) and supportive environment for smoking prevention was developed by modifying several smoking prevention programs. The research was conducted from May 15 to October 10, 2003. Result: 1) After completion of the smoking prevention program, the mean scores for knowledge about smoking, attitude to smoking, and intention toward non-smoking were not significantly different between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusions: To affectively achieve the aims of a smoking prevention program, the effectiveness of the program should not be measured over the short term only. Long-term tracking of students educated in the program, to identify the rate of those who later become smokers needs to be done.