• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.379-386
• /
• 2008

In this paper, the choice of a primary resolution and wavelet basis functions are introduced under random or irregular design points of which the sample size is free of a power of two. Most wavelet methods have used the number of the points as the primary resolution. However, it turns out that a proper primary resolution is much affected by the shape of an unknown function. The proposed methods are illustrated by some simulations.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.289-305
• /
• 2014

In this paper we propose a new approach to the variable selection problem for a primary resolution and wavelet basis functions in wavelet regression. Most wavelet shrinkage methods focus on thresholding the wavelet coefficients, given a primary resolution which is usually determined by the sample size. However, both a primary resolution and the basis functions are affected by the shape of an unknown function rather than the sample size. Unlike existing methods, our method does not depend on the sample size and also takes into account the shape of the unknown function.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.221-224
• /
• 2023

A two-year-old spayed female Maltipoo dog was presented with a two-month duration of glaucoma in the right eye. On the first presentation, menace response and dazzle reflex were absent in the right eye, but it was present in the left eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed buphthalmia, mild corneal edema, and conjunctival and episcleral hyperemia in the right eye. The intraocular pressures were 70 mmHg and 30 mmHg in the right and left eyes, respectively. On the gonioscopic and high-resolution ultrasound examinations, both the iridocorneal angle and ciliary cleft were completely closed in the right eye. However, gonioscopy revealed an opened iridocorneal angle even with some broader base of pectinate ligament fiber, but high-resolution ultrasound showed a narrowed ciliary cleft and increased contact of the iris base with the limbal cornea in the left eye. Based on these results, a diagnosis of primary angle-closure glaucoma was made in both eyes. This case report highlighted the importance of evaluating the ciliary cleft with high-resolution ultrasound as a critical diagnostic and prognostic role in canine glaucoma.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.18-22
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The previous reports regarding VUR resolution were not precise due to early frequent surgical intervention. We evaluated the spontaneous resolution (SR) rate and the incidence of new renal scars in primary VUR, focusing on severe reflux. Methods: Medical records of 334 patients with primary VUR who were on medical prophylaxis without surgery for 1 to 9 years, were retrospectively reviewed. Medical prophylaxis was initiated with low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis or probiotics. Radioisotope cystourethrography was performed every 1 to 3 years until SR of reflux. New renal scar was evaluated with follow-up $^{99m}Tc$ DMSA renal scan. Results: The SR rates decreased as VUR grades were getting higher (P=0.00). The overall and annual SR were 58.4% and 14.9%/yr in grade IV reflux and 37.5% and 9.3%/yr in grade V reflux. The median times of SR were 38 months in grade IV reflux and 66 months in grade V reflux. The probable SR rates in grade IV and V reflux were 7.8% and 8.9% in the 1st year, 46.0% and 30.8% in the 3rd year and 74.4% and 64.4% in the 5th year. The incidences of new renal scars between low to moderate reflux and severe reflux showed no significant difference (P=0.32). Conclusion: The SR rates of severe primary VUR were higher than previously reported and most new renal scars were focal and mild.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.458-463
• /
• 2004

This paper presents a fast IA(integer ambiguity) resolution method that determines the IA within short epochs with guaranteed reliability. Based on the fact that the search volume and the cost function are influenced by the selection of primary IAs in the plane intersection method, an IA resolution method is proposed that evaluates IA candidates repeatedly in an epoch with different combinations of primary IAs. In order to guarantee the reliability of the resolved IA with a certain probability, an inequality condition for selecting differencing operator is derived. Experiment results show that the proposed method consistently provides the true IA estimates within short time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.02a
• /
• pp.41-41
• /
• 2011

Flash memory에서 tunnel oxide film은 electron tunnelling 현상을 이용하여 gate에 전하를 전달하는 통로로 사용되고 있다. 특히, tunnel oxide film 내부의 charge trap 현상과 불순물이 소자 특성에 직접적인 영향을 주고 있어, 후속 N2O/NO 열처리 공정에서 SiO2/Si 계면에 nitrogen을 주입하여 tunnel oxide film 특성을 개선하고 있다. 따라서 N2O/NO 열처리 공정 최적화를 위해서는 tunnel oxide film 내 N 농도와 분포에 대한 정확한 평가가 필수적이다[1]. 본 실험에서는 low energy magnetic SIMS를 이용하여 N2O로 열처리된 tunnel oxide film 내의 N농도를 보다 정확하게 평가하고자 하였다. 사용된 시료는 Si substrate에 oxidation 이후 N2O 열처리를 진행하여 tunnel oxide를 형성시켰으며, 분석 impact energy는 surface effect최소화와 최상의 depth resolution 확보를 위해 250eV를 사용하였으며, matrix effect와 mass interference를 방지하기 위해 MCs+ cluster mode[2]로 CsN signal를 검출하였다. 실험 결과, 특정 primary beam 입사각도에서 nitrogen depth resolution 저하 현상이 발생하였고, SIMS crater 표면이 매우 거칠게 나타났다. 이에, Depth resolution 저하 현상을 개선하기 위해 극한의 glancing 입사각 조건으로 secondary extraction voltage 변화를 통해 depth resolution이 개선되는 최적의 impact energy와 primary beam 입사각 조건을 확보하였다. 그 결과 nitrogen의 depth resolution은 1.6nm의 depth resolution을 확보하였으며, 보다 정확한 N 농도와 분포를 평가할 수 있게 되었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
• /
• 2005.10a
• /
• pp.149-152
• /
• 2005

High-resolution telescope from space comprises electro-optical imagery with a ground resolution tying within the range of 1 to 5 meters. According to information documented in the literature up to now, most primary mirrors verified and flown in optical space missions have been lightweighted made from Zerodur, ULE, beryllium, SiC or aluminium. A trade off study was performed to determine as a &lightweighted& by factors like backside cell pattern, rib thickness, face thickness, mirror fixation device location and material and so on based on structural performance for primary mirror in submeter class spaceborne telescope.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2007

Purpose : Childhood primary VUR is generally diagnosed after urinary tract infection, is more prevalent among girls and has a low spontaneous resolution rate in cases of severe VUR. The aim of the present study is to examine the age and gender-related characteristics and the spontaneous resolution rate of infantile primary VUR. Methods : The medical records of 96 infants with primary VUR, diagnosed after their first UTI, were retrospectively reviewed(1995-2004). The clinical characteristics including gender, the degree of VUR and presence of renal scars were evaluated. The spontaneous resolution rate and contributing factors were also analyzed Results : Infantile primary VUR was more prevalent in males than females. The percentage of atrophic scarred kidney was significantly higher in males than females(17.2% vs 3.4%) (P<0.05). The cumulative spontaneous resolution rate in 3 years was very high(89.1%), and was not significantly different between gender and among VUR grades. But in the first year, the spontaneous resolution rate of severe refluxing ureters was significantly higher in males than in females(46.2% vs 7.1%)(P<0.05) and the spontaneous resolution rate of refluxing ureters with no scarred kidneys was significantly higher than those associated with atrophic scarred kidneys(76.6% vs 20%)(P<0.05). Conclusion : Infantile Primary VUR was more prevalent among males and tends to be associated with atrophic scarred kidneys In male infants. The cumulative spontaneous resolution rate in 3 years was very high, even in high-grade VUR and associated atrophic scarred kidneys. In infantile primary VUR, surgery should be withheld even in infants with high-grade VUR with atrophic scarred kidneys.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.1465-1476
• /
• 2008

In recent years wavelet methods have been focused on block shrinkage or thresholding approaches to accounting for the sparseness of the wavelet representation for an unknown function. The block shrinkage or thresholding methods have been developed in both of classical methods and Bayesian methods. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian approach to selecting wavelet basis functions at each resolution level without MCMC procedure. Simulation study and an application are shown.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.19 no.8
• /
• pp.819-821
• /
• 1998