• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1454-1459
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• 2004

The major parameters governing the fluid dynamical and thermo-dynamical behavior in the large pipeline network system are friction loss and the pipeline length. But in local pipeline networks and relatively short distance pipeline system, secondary loss and the considerations of the moving states of the fluid machine are also important. One of the major element in local pressure control system is pressure regulator. It causes the variations of the physical properties in that pipeline system. When it is under working, the accurate analysis of the flow properties is so difficult. In this study, some numerical approaches to investigate the critical-flow-characteristics of the pressure regulator have been done according to the variations of the opening ratio or cross-sectional area and the detail examinations and considerations of the pressure regulator as a pipeline network elements have been carried. Finally the flow-flied distributions and critical-flow-characteristics have been presented in detail and the critical flow phenomena and the relation to the opening ratio or cross-sectional-area ratio have been studied.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1363-1375
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• 1996

Oil-film flow visualizations and three-dimensional flow measurements using a five-hole probe have been conducted to investigate three-dimensional flow characteristics and total pressure losses of a row of film-cooling jets injected in spanwise direction. For several span-to-diameter ratios, experiments are performed in the case of three velocity ratios of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5. The flow measurements show that downstream flow due to the injection is characterized by a single streamwise vortex instead of a pair of counter-rotating vortices, which appear in the case of streamwise injection, and the vortex strength strongly depends on the velocity ratio. Regardless of the velocity*y ratio, presence of the spanwise film-cooling jets always produces total pressure loss, which is pronounced when the velocity ratio is large. It has also been found that the production of the total pressure loss is closely related to the secondary vortical flow. In addition, effects of the span-to-diameter ratio on the flow and total pressure loss are discussed in detail.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2020

In many applications like the aircraft or the rockets/missiles, the flow from a nozzle needs to be expanded suddenly in an enlarged duct of larger diameter. The enlarged duct is provided after the nozzle to maximize the thrust created by the flow from the nozzle. When the fluid is suddenly expanded in an enlarged duct, the base pressure is generally lower than the atmospheric pressure, which results in base drag. The objective of this research work is to optimize the length to diameter (L/D) ratio of the enlarged duct using the CFD analysis in the flow field from the supersonic nozzle. The flow from the nozzle drained in an enlarged duct, the thrust, and the base pressure are studied. The Mach numbers for the study were 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5. The nozzle pressure ratios (NPR) of the study were 2, 5 and 8. The L/D ratios of the study were 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Based on the results, it is concluded that the L/D ratio should be increased to an optimum value to reattach the flow to an enlarged duct and to increase the thrust. The supersonic suddenly expanded flow field is wave dominant, and the results cannot be generalized. The optimized L/D ratios for various combinations of flow and geometrical parameters are given in the conclusion section.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2008

To achieve the unidirectional airflow in a cleanroom, we need to predict accurately the static pressure losses at the lower plenum and to control properly the opening pressure ratio of access floor panels based on these pressure losses. At first, the present study proposed a correlation to predict the velocity distribution at the lower plenum, because the accuracy to predict pressure losses at the lower plenum depends on how to calculate the velocity correctly against the inner structures at the lower plenum. In the second place, this study proposed correlations which considered the effect of inner structures such as columns, ducts and equipments at the lower plenum on pressure losses. In order to test the accuracy of these correlations, we compared air flow patterns before regulating the opening ratio of access floor with those after regulating. Results after regulating the opening ratio of access floor show good unidirectional uniform airflow pattern. So the present method can be used as an important tool to control the air flow in a cleanroom.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1987

흙의 동적 특성은 공극비, 구속압력, 입도 등의 여러가지 요인에 의해서 변화한다. 본 연구에서는 모래의 입도가 그 동적 특성에 미치는 영향을 구속압력과 공극비의 영향과 함께 실험적으로 살펴 보았다. 실험 결과, 전단탄성계수(Shear Modulus)와 감쇠비 (Damping Ratio)는 공극비가 감소 함에 따라, 그리고 구속압력이 증가함에 따라 각카 증가 및 감소하였다. 한펀, 실트 크기의 석영분말을 섞어 입도를 변화시켰을 때, 시료의 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비는 석영 분말의 함유량이 증가함에 따라 각각 감소 및 증가하였다. 여기서는 이 현상을 "유효 접촉수"와 "사공간"의 개념을 써서 미시적으로 살펴보았다. 개념을 써서 미시적으로 살펴보았다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.371-379
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• 1993

The wrinkling in the electromagnetic tube compression with a mandrel is remarkably smaller than that of the process without it. To analyze this phenomenon, the critical forming parameters such as the ratio of the clearance to the shell radius, the ratio of the thickness to the shell radius, and the ratio of the applied pressure to the standard pressure are introduced tp consider the effect of the mandrel, in addition to those of the thickness of shell and applied loads. The amplification ratio is also used to observe the magnitude of amplification. The results obtained by 2-D finite element method show that the initial imperfection embedded in the radius of cylindrical shell is the dominant factor to determine the final shape of the tube compression, and that the amplification ratio tends to have smaller values with the smaller clearance ratio and also with the larger thickness and pressure ratios.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.105-111
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• 2000

A numerical study has been performed to obtain the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics for shell-and-tube heat exchanger with various shapes of tubes. The Tubes have variation of Aspect Ratio, Pitch and Rotation. Results are presented as plots of Colburn j factor and friction factor f against Aspect Ratio, Pitch and Rotation. As Aspect Ratio increases, j factor and f factor decreases. As Pitch increases, j factor decreases. j/f have optimized Pitch for each Aspect Ratio. Accordingly, there is fitness of Aspect Ratio and Pitch fur most effective cases. The Rotation of tubes are of no meaning for both heat transfer and pressure drop.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2004년도 제29회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.146-151
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• 2004

The characteristics of combustion and emission of biodiesel fuel were investigated in a single cylinder DI diesel engine equipped with a common rail injection system. For investigating the effect of bio diesels, the experiments were conducted at various mixing ratio and engine operation conditions. Experimental results show that combustion pressure increased with the increase of mixing ratio and injection pressure. The HC and CO emissions are decreased and NOx emission is increased as the mixing ratio of biodiesels increases at 100MPa injection pressure. However the results of the emissions are shown the contrary to the results at 50MPa of injection pressure due to larger droplets of biodiesel sprays.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2008

The main purpose of the present study is to perform shape optimizations of transonic compressor blade in order to enhance its performance. In this study, the Latin hypercube sampling of design of experiments and the weighted average surrogate model with the help of a gradient based optimization algorithm are used within design space by the lower and upper limits of each design variable and for finding optimum designs, respectively. 3-D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver is used to evaluate the objective functions of adiabatic efficiency and pressure ratio. Six variables from lean and airfoil thickness profile are selected as design variables. The results show that the adiabatic efficiency is enhanced by 1.43% by efficiency optimization while the pressure ratio is increased very small, and pressure ratio is increased by 0.24% by pressure ratio optimization.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1425-1427
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• 2009

In this paper, we investigated influence of gas pressure and gas mixing ratio on the abnormal discharge characteristics of fluorescent lamp. Abnormal discharge characteristics have been examined by changing inner gas pressure and mixing ratio. As the inner gas pressure and mixing ratio increase, the occurrence of abnormal discharge was delayed. It was found out that the occurrence of abnormal discharge is sufficiently delayed at the optimized inner gas pressure and mixing ratio.