• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.235-245
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• 2002

The present article aims to perform numerical calculations for inter-spray impingement of two diesel sprays under a high injection pressure and to propose a new hybrid model for droplet collision on the basis of literature findings. The hybrid model is compared with the original O'Rourke's model, which has been widely used for spray calculations. The main difference between the hybrid model and the O'Rourke's model is mainly in determination of the collision threshold condition, in which the preferred directional effect of droplets and a critical collision radius are included. The Wave model involving the cavitation effect inside a nozzle is used for predictions of atomization processes. Numerical results are reported for different impingement angles of 60°and 90°in order to show the influence of the impinging angle on spray characteristics and also compared with experimental data. It is found that the hybrid model shows slightly better agreement with experimental data than the O'Rourke's model.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.747-750
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• 2002

An attempt to reduce supersonic Jet noise is carried out by using two steady microjets in a round jet. The jet is issued from a round sonic nozzle with an exit diameter of 10mm. Two micro-nozzles with an inside diameter of 1mm each are installed on the exit plane with an off-axis angle of $45^{\circ}$. Far-field noise was measured at a location 40 diameters off the jet axis. The angles between a microphone and the jet axis are $45^{\circ}\;and\;90^{\circ}$. For an injection rate less than $1{\%}$ of the main jet, screech tones were completely suppressed by the microjets. The reduction in the ovelall sound pressure levels were $2.4\;and\;2.7\;dB\;for\;90^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ}$ directions, respectively. The enhancement of mixing/spreading of the jet by the microjet was negligible. The reduction of noise is probably due to distorted shock cell structures and/or broken large scale vortical structures by the microjets.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.8 s.239
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• pp.963-970
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• 2005

The combustion instability of turbulent flames is the most important problem of the gas turbine combustor. Thus improved understanding of mechanisms of combustion instability is necessary for the design and operation of gas turbine combustors. In this study, the cause of the combustion instability in a rearward-step dump combustor was investigated with respect to the fuel flow modulation; choked fuel flow, unchoked fuel flow and fully premixed mixture flow. We observed various types of combustion instabilities with respect to the change of equivalence ratio, fuel flow conditions and fuel injection location. Particularly in the unchoked fuel flow condition, it was found that the oscillation time of combustion instability is strongly related to the convection time of the fuel and that the pressure fluctuation in a lab-scale combustor is highly related to the vortex and the equivalence ratio fluctuations due to fuel flow modulation and unmixedness of the fuel and air.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2020

Smart systems in different application areas such as automotive, medical and consumer electronics require a novel manufacturing method of electronic, optical and mechanical functions into products. Traditional methods including mechanical assembly, bonding of plastic and electronic circuit cause the problems in large size of products and complicated manufacturing processes. In this study, thermoforming and film insert molding were applied to fabricate a dome shaped plastic part embedded with electronic circuits. The deformation of patterns printed on PET film was predicted by thermoforming simulation using T-SIM, and the results were compared with those by experiment. In order to decrease spring-back after thermoforming, the Taguchi method of design of experiment was used. Through ANOVA analysis, it was found that mold temperature was the most dominant parameter for spring-back. By using flow analysis, gate design was performed to decrease injection pressure. During film insert molding, the wash-out of ink printed on film occurred for Polycarbonate. When the resin was changed to PMMA, the wash-out disappeared due to low melt temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2017

We present a multi-sample array device based on a pneumatic system. Solenoid valves were used to control a micro valve in a pneumatic system. The use of a compressor together with a vacuum pump ensured that one outlet could supply both compression and vacuum pressure. The multi-sample array device was fabricated using conventional photolithography and PDMS casting. The device was composed of a multiplexer, sample array, and rinsing. The multiplexer could control four sample solutions injecting into the sample array chamber. Sample solution not arrayed was removed by DI-water from the rinsing inlet. To prevent trapping of microbubbles in the channel during injection of sample solution into the device, surfactant was added in PDMS solution to serve as a hydrophilic surface treatment. As a result, the device could be used as a sample array for 64 cases, using four samples and three columns of three chambers.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.700-707
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• 2009

This paper described finite element analysis (FEA) for fabrication processes of PZT perform using ceramic injection molding (CIM). The viscosity and the PVT characteristics of the manufactured PZT feedstock were measured. The filling patterns, pressure and temperature distributions of the preform were analyzed with TIMON 3D packages during CIM process. The geometrical variables such as gate type, location, and base thickness of the preform were considered. Also the fabrication conditions of the preform were optimized during the entire CIM process. Based on the simulated results, the various good perform was easily fabricated with the CIM process.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.55-68
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• 2012

Particulate matters (PM) which are collected into a diesel particulate filter (DPF) system have to be periodically removed by thermal oxidation. In this report, we fabricated an electrohydrodynamic-assisted pressure-swirl nozzle to spray diesel droplets finer. Atomization performance of the nozzle was evaluated using both experimental and numerical methods. Two types of nozzle designs, the charge induction type and the charge injection type, were tested. While the former generated diesel droplets of $400\;{\mu}m$ at an applied electric potential over 10 kV, the latter presented the droplets smaller than $23\;{\mu}m$ at an applied electric potential of 8 kV. The numerical simulation results showed that the reduced size of droplets caused higher evaporation of droplets and therefore the increased temperature, which would eventually increase the regeneration performance of the DPF system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.4053-4061
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• 1996

Internal flow characteristics within Y-jet atomizers and the local drop size distribution and cross-sectional averaged drop size at the outside were investigated with the liquid and air injection pressures, mixing port length of atomizers, and the liquid properties taken as parameters. To examine the effect of the liquid viscosity, glycerin-water mixtures were used in this study. The liquid viscosity plays only a minor role in determining the internal flow pattern and the spatial distribution shape of drops, but the drop sizes themselves generally increase with increasing of the liquid viscosity. An empirical correlation for the liquid discharge coefficient at the liquid port was deduced from the experimental results; the liquid discharge coefficient strongly depends on the liquid flow area at the mixing point which is proportional to the local volumetric quality(.betha.$_{Y}$), and the volumetric quality was included in the correlation. Regardless of the value of the liquid viscosity, the compressible flow through the gas port was well represented by the polytropic expansion process(k=1.2), and the mixing point pressure could be simply correlated to the aspect ratio( $l_{m}$/ $d_{m}$) of the mixing port and the air/liquid mass flow rate ratio( $W_{g}$/ $W_{f}$) as reported in the previous study.udy.udy.y.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.465-473
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• 2002

Screw compressor type chiller is widely used in refrigeration for capacity over 30 RT. To enhance the chiller performance, an economizer which increases the cooling capacity and COP can be adopted. In this study the performance of an economizer is studied by using a simulation program. Simulation results are compared with experiment data to verify the validation of a simulation program. Maximum economizer injection pressure is estimated and the performance of an economizer for various evaporation and condensation temperatures is calculated. From the results, the performance enhancement of an economizer by using R22 and R407C is compared.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.31-44
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• 1987

Nowadays, the problems of energy and environmental pollution become serious day by day and the diesel engine, which has been proved to be superior to gasoline engine with respect to fuel consumption and ecological problems of exhaust gas, has been adopted widely for various purposes from the marine diesel engine and the dynamo engine to all kinds of engine on land. Therefore, extensive parametric studies on combustion of diesel engine should be done for its desing and improvement. To predict the behavior of diesel engien according to variable operating conditions by means of cycle simulation, the reasonable pattern of heat release rate has to be asumed. But it is necessary to know the actual variation of heat release rate in order to assume the reasonable pattern of heat release rate according to the actual operating conditions. In this paper, on a high speed small bore diesel engine with pre-combustion chamber, experimental investigations were carried out to determine the relationship between the heat release pattern and parameters such as engine load and speed. And also, the theoretical investigations about the performance variations of the above diesel engine according to the predicted pattern of heat release rate variation were performed. From the above observations, it may be said that the Fanboro indicator, which was used to get the cylinder pressure, can be used to estimate a reasonable pattern of heat release rate and it is confirmed that the pattern of heat release rate for the pre-combustion type engine is different from that of the direct injection type engine.