• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.584-589
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• 2000

In order to inhibit rot of soybean sprouts, presoaking treatments of soybeans with various solutions were studied. Optimal soaking time was 20min and citric acid, chitosan, GFSE(Grapefruit seed extract) were more effective. Most of presoaking treatments decreased the rot ratio of soybeans considerably, and didn't decrease germination ratio of them compared to control. Particularly GFSE, chitosan and phosphate buffer were effective. Presoaking treatments besides ethanol showed increased weight and yield of soybean sprouts compared to control, and particularly chitosan treatment increased yield of 67%, weight of 6.9% and length of 9.5% of soybean sprouts compared to control. Presoaking treatments decreased total microbial count of soybeans and rot of soybean sprouts during cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.857-862
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• 2004

Effects of frying temperature and time, presoaking in distilled water, various pH buffer solutions, and storage temperature of french fries on acrylamide formation were investigated. Acrylamide concentration in french fries increased as frying temperature and time increased. Presoaking of raw potatoes in distilled water reduced acrylamide formation compared to those without presoaking. Acrylamide formation of fried potatoes after presoaking at $60^{\circ}C$ for 45 min was about 16% of that without presoaking. Presoaking treatment of raw potatoes in various buffer solutions showed acrylamide concentrations of french fries from potatoes presoaked in acidic buffer solutions were lower than those from potatoes presoaked in neutral to alkaline buffer solutions. Acrylamide concentration of potatoes stored at refrigerator temperature was much higher than those stored at room temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1280-1285
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• 2006

The presoaking conditions of soybeans in various solution for decreasing microbial contamination and improving germination were investigated. Soybeans were treated with presoaking solutions (sterilized water, 0.1% grape fruit extract, 0.1% vitamin $B_1$ derivate solution AS5 and vitagen) at $25^{\circ}C,\;35^{\circ}C,\;45^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$ for $3\sim12$ hr and germinate at $25^{\circ}C$, 95%RH for 3 days. Total bacterial count and coliform count of soybeans were $6.0\times10^5CFU/g$ and $3.0\times10^5CFU/g$, respectively, and the most of presoaking treatments decreased the microbial contamination. The increase of presoaking time induces low germination ratio compared with unsoaked soybeans and the germination of soybeans was not detected at $55^{\circ}C$. The germination of soybeans was effected by presoaking solutions, temperature, and time. The optimal presoaking condition for decreasing microbial contamination and promoting initial germination was using grape fruit extract at $35^{\circ}C$ for 6 hr.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2017

This study aimed at exploring the effect of presoaking degree of lightweight aggregate (LWA) on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. Two series (i.e., Series A and Series B) of concrete mixes that were made of LWA with different moisture states were prepared. The presoaking degree of LWA was divided into three types: oven dry state, 1 hour prewetted and 24 hours prewetted. For the Series A, the water content of the lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) mixes was adjusted in accordance with the moisture condition of the LWA. Whereas the amount of water added in the Series B mixes was deliberately not adjusted for the moisture condition of the LWA. Slump test, mechanical tests, interfacial transition zone microscopical tests and thermal conductivity test were carried out on the specimens of different concretes and compared with control normal-weight aggregate concretes. The test results showed that the effect of mixing water absorption by LWA with different moisture states was reflected in the fresh concrete as the loss of mixture workability, while in the hardened concrete as the increase of its strength. With the use of oven-dried LWA, the effect of reduction of water-cement ratio was more significant, and thus the microstructure of the ITZ was more compact.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2017

The characteristics of lightweight aggregate (LWA) with a low specific gravity and high water absorption will significantly change the properties of lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC). This study aimed at exploring the effect of presoaking degree of LWA on the strength degeneracy of LWAC and flexural behavior of LWAC members exposed to elevated temperatures. The residual mechanical properties of the LWAC subjected to elevated temperatures were first conducted. Then, the residual load tests of LWAC members (beams and slabs) after exposure to elevated temperatures were carried out. The test results showed that with increasing temperature, the decreasing trend of elastic modulus for LWAC was considerably more serious than the compressive strength. Besides, the presoaking degree of LWA had a significant influence on the residual compressive strength and elastic modulus for LWAC after exposure to $800^{\circ}C$. Moreover, owing to different types of heating, the residual load bearing capacity of the slab specimens were significantly different from those of the beam specimens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.12 s.148
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• pp.1619-1626
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• 2005

The durability of a stretch fabric is mainly related to the change in the dimension and mechanical properties of elastomeric fibers during wearing and washing. In this study, we examined the effects of washing temperature, presoaking time and the number of washing cycles on the change in length, tenacity, elongation at break, and permanent elongation after six repeated cycles of $100\%$ extension and relaxation of spandex yams with varying fineness and with a different rate of extension during heat-set. The spandex yarns continued to shrink as the wash temperature and the number of wash cycles increased. In addition, the finer spandex yams decreased in length more than the thicker yams. The increase in temperature and presoaking time tended to cause a slight decrease in the tenacity and elongation at break of the spandex yarns. Permanent elongation of the spandex yams also increased as the temperature, presoaking time and the number of washing cycles increased. Moreover, an extended presoaking time followed by washing at $40\%$ like repeated washing cycles showed the great increase in the permanent elongation of spandex yams. The thinner spandex yin had a better elasticity than the thicker one, since the former had a lower permanent elongation percentage than the latter. Based on the DSC thermograms, the melting points of the spandex yarns after washing were almost the same as those of the spandex yarns before washing.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 1999

The seeds of Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) were soaked with GA3 50 ppm and primed with CaCl2 at -1.0 MPa for 4days at 23$^{\circ}C$ to identify presoaking and priming regimes that may improve germination in saline condition and with PEG 8000 at high temperature. Presoaked, primed, and untreated seeds were then germinated at 30 and $35^{\circ}C$. NaCl salinity stress consistently decreased the rate of germination of zoysiagrass seed. GA3 or CaCl2 alleviated the inhibitory effect of salinity on germination. However, total percent germination (G) and T50 of untreated control seeds significantly decreased and prolonged at $30^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$ as NaCl salinity stress increased. Presoaked seeds with GA3 50 ppm for 4 days at $23^{\circ}C$ had significantly higher germination and lower T50 than untreated or primed with CaCl2 at -1.0 MPa for 4days at $23^{\circ}C$m and overcame the inhibitory effect of germination derived from PEG 8000. In addition, presoaked seed had higher, faster, and more uniform germination than untreated seeds after sowing in growing media in greenhouse.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.26-33
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• 2010

We searched at the "PubMed.gov" and "jendodon.com" sites to conduct a literature review on dental instruments that are reused in clinical settings and on infection control involving pre-disinfection or sterilization cleaning/rinsing. The keyword "dental clean" was used for the Web search. We found the present official definition of instrument cleaning performed prior to disinfection or sterilization rather limiting ("removal of foreign matter (soil, organism, etc.) from the instruments"). Thus, we proposed to expand the definition to include the removal of oils applied to protect the metallic instruments and from corrosion, stains, and rust resulting from the frequent reuse of the instruments. Clinicians are found to clean their dental instruments (a) immediately after treating their patients or (b) following their treatment but not immediately afterward. In the latter case, we recommend presoaking to be added. Ultrasonic sterilization of 5~15 minutes is found to be more effective in terms of eliminating residual matter from the instruments compared to other methods. To check on the cleaning results, we recommend visual inspection, which can be quick and practical in clinical settings. The latest products being developed and marketed on the market address the related problems. Nonetheless, research must be continued on the effects of presoak, cleaning/rinsing, disinfection, and high-temperature or heating-based sterilization on the dental instruments and on dental clinicians' practices in cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization. We advise dental clinicians to select the proper cleaning methods and detergents for their instruments to help eliminate or prevent corrosion, staining, and rusting, to reduce the maintenance costs, and to ensure user-friendly instruments/apparatuses.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.147-156
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• 2012

This study evaluated the effects of presoaking apple slices in 2 or 5% brine solution prior to air-drying at $50^{\circ}C$. Several quality factors of the dried apples were measured including moisture content (MC), water activity ($a_w$), shear force, color values, appearance and consumer likability. Except at time 0, the $a_w$ of presoaked samples was lower than those of control during and after drying. The relationship between MC and water activity during drying was well-fit by an exponential model. During drying, the moisture contents of presoaked samples were slightly higher than control samples with no presoaking. However, the $a_w$ of presoaked slices were lower than control at a given drying time. At a given $a_w$, presoaked slices had higher moisture content. The shear force was lower for samples presoaked in brine solution, particularly at shorter drying times. Presoaked apple slices also were lighter in color after drying than controls. Sensory evaluations suggest that presoaking of apple slices before drying may help enhance palatability. Samples presoaked in 2% brine solution had the highest scores for taste, texture and overallacceptability, while those presoaked in 5% brine solution had the highest scores for appearance.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.242-248
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• 1983

The effects of light source, plant growth regulators (GA, BA, ABA), and sodium hypochlorite (4% Cl, SH) on germination of 'G rand Rapid' lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seed were studied. Seed did not germinate under the conditions of dark and blue light. The treatment of GA or BA did not promote on germination under dark or blue light. The germination percentage under red light was very high, it was similar to the condition of white light. ABA inhibited lettuce seed germination. Although ABA was treated, BA 10ppm treatment was moderately effective under white light condition and BA 10ppm or 50ppm combined with GA 50ppm were also effective on seed germination under dark condition. Presoaking in sodium hypochlorite solution induced germination of lettuce seed in any condition of dark or white light. The optimum presoaking time in sodium hypochlorite solution was twenty min.