• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.60-69
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• 2014

Background: Herbal formulas are generally served as a type of decoction. However, there is no scientific evidence for determining preservation and circulation period of herbal medicine decoctions. Thus, we investigated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of the Gwakhyangjeonggi-san decoction according to its preservation period. Methods: Gwakhyangjeonggi-san decoction was stored for 0, 1, 2 or 3 months at room temperature. To evaluate anti-inflammatory effects, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO) assay were conducted using the culture supernatant from RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The antioxidant activities were studied by measuring free radical scavenging activities on ABTS and DPPH. Results: Gwakhyangjeonggi-san decoction maintained the inhibitory effects on TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and NO productions after up to 2 months of storage in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. No inflammatory response was observed in 3 months of storage. In addition, the scavenging activities on ABTS and DPPH of Gwakhyangjeonggi-san decoction were reduced time-dependently and showed less than 50% inhibition after 3 months of storage. Conclusions: Our results suggest that preservation period of Gwakhyangjeonggi-san decoction is recommended within 2 months after storage.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.172-181
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• 2018

This study was designed to investigate the stability for chemical contents and biological activities of Mahwang-tang (MT) depending on the preservation temperature and periods. MT decoction pouches were preserved for 3 months at room temperature (RT, $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) and refrigeration ($4^{\circ}C$). To evaluate the stability of MT decoction, pH and sugar content were estimated. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis were performed to quantify the contents of marker compounds in MT. Anti-inflammatory effects of MT were evaluated to suppress the generation of nitric oxide, prostaglandin $E_2$ and cytokines (tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and interleukin-6) in the RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Total antioxidant capacity of MT was determined by ABTS radical scavenging activity. The pH of storage method and period showed a tendency to decrease gradually with time. There were no changes in sugar content depending on the preservation temperature and periods of MT decoction. Among the major components of MT, cinnamaldehyde was reduced time-dependently for 3 months of storage at RT. The inflammatory effect and antioxidant capacity of MT were reduced time-dependently at both RT and $4^{\circ}C$. Our results suggest that the preservation period of MT decoction is recommended in refrigeration within 3 months or less rather than at RT.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

Objectives : To provide the information of preservation method for herbal decoction, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects according to preservation temperature and period of Pyungwi-san (PWS, Ping wei-san) decoction. Methods : The anti-inflammatory activity of PWS was investigated by carrageenin-induced paw edema in SD rats. At 0 month, PWS extract was administrated 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day orally for seven days prior to induction of edema. Edema was induced by subcutaneous injection of 1% carrageenin into the right hind paw. The paw volume was measured at 4 hr following carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. At 6 and 12 months, PWS extracts according to preservation temperatures (room temperature, $4^{\circ}C$ and $-20^{\circ}C$) were administrated in rats and then carrageenin-induced paw edema volume was measured. Results : PWS showed inhibitory effect on carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats and the optimal dose was 1000 mg/kg/day at 0 month of storage. At 6 month of storage, PWS storaged at $4^{\circ}C$ and $-20^{\circ}C$ were inhibited paw edema but that storaged at room temperature was not reduced paw edema in rats. Conclusions : These results suggest that PWS decoction pouch has anti-inflammatory activities at both $4^{\circ}C$ and $-20^{\circ}C$ during 6 month storage.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2016

This study aimed to investigate the stability and biological activities of BHSST decoction depending on the preservation temperature and periods. Methods: BHSST decoction was preserved at room temperatures (R/T, $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) or refrigeration ($4^{\circ}C$) for 0, 30, 60 and 90 days. To evaluate the stability of BHSST decoction, pH and sugar content were estimated. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to determine marker compounds of BHSST decoction. To evaluate anti-inflammatory effect, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) productions were measured in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Antioxidant activity was examined using the assays for 3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. Results: There was no change in pH and sugar content depending on the preservation temperature and periods of BHSST decoction. Among the major components of BHSST, contents of liquiritin, baicalein and wogonin was reduced time-dependently both at R/T and $4^{\circ}C$. Inhibitory effects of BHSST decoction on NO and PGE2 productions were slightly decreased in a time-dependent manner by 90 days of preservation. In addition, BHSST decoction maintained ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities by 60 days while significantly reducing the activities in 90 days of preservation at R/T. By contrast, BHSST decoction had no significant change of ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities by 90 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the stability and efficacy of BHSST decoction are maintained for 60 days at $4^{\circ}C$ rather than R/T.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2017

Objectives : Chungsimyeonja-eum (CSYJE; Qingxinlianzi-yin in Chinese; Seishinrenshi-in in Japanese), a traditional herbal medicine, has been used for treating mouth dryness, hyperuresis. This study was designed to determine preservation period of CSYJE. We investigated the stability and biological activity of CSYJE depending on the preservation temperature and periods. Methods : CSYJE decoction was preserved for 0-6 or 12 months at room temperature (RT, $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) or refrigeration ($4^{\circ}C$). To evaluate the stability of CSYJE decoction, pH and dissolved solids content were measured. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to determine marker compounds-liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, baicalin, wogonoside, and glycyrrhizin-in CSYJE. To determine anti-inflammatory effect of CSYJE, prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) was measured in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results : Both at RT and $4^{\circ}C$, pH was decreased depending on the preservation periods. There was no changes in dissolved solids content depending on the preservation temperature and periods. Both at RT and $4^{\circ}C$, the contents of liquiritin apioside and liquiritin were slightly increased at 1 month of storage. The level of baicalin was decreased time-dependently and the disappearance rate at RT is larger than at $4^{\circ}C$. CSYJE inhibited $PGE_2$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and maintained inhibitory effect by 12 months both at RT and $4^{\circ}C$. Conclusions : Based on the disappearance rate of the baicalin in CSYJE, the preservation period is recommended within 8 months for RT and 12 months for $4^{\circ}C$.