• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.69-82
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• 2016

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of preschooler temperament and maternal postnatal depression, depression, and parenting stress on preschooler externalizing problem behavior. Methods: The participants consisted of 98 preschoolers (ages 4-5 years) and their mothers. The subjects completed the following questionnaires: Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability (EAS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Parenting Stress Scale, Korean Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (K-CBCL 1.5-5), and Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Inventory Short Form (SCBE-30). The data were analyzed by t/F tests, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results and Conclusion: First, preschooler emotionality temperament had positive correlations with attention problems and aggression. Second, maternal depression and parenting stress had a positive correlation with preschooler externalizing problem behaviors. Third, maternal parenting stress had an effect on preschooler attention problems. Forth, preschooler emotional temperament and maternal parenting stress had an effect on preschooler aggression.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.219-225
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to clarify how preschooler's adaptive temperament and father's child-rearing involvement may be related to mother's chid-rearing stress. The subjects were 320 mothers whose children were 3, 4 or 5 age preschoolers attending day care centers in Keoungbok. Statistical techniques were Pearson's correlation, hierarchical multiple regression(using SPSS 12.0). The results of this were as follows. 1. Mother's child-rearing stress was negatively related to preschooler's adaptive temperament. 2. Mother's child-rearing stress was negatively related to father's child-rearing involvement. 3. The Multiple Regression analysis showed that preschooler's adaptive temperament and father's child-rearing involvement were significantly predictive to mother's child-rearing stress. And preschooler's adaptive temperament was the stronger predictor of mother's child-rearing stress than father's child-rearing involvement. There was no significant interaction effect of father's child-rearing involvement and preschooler's adaptive temperament on mother's child-rearing stress.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2006

Purpose: The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to determine the relationships between the perception on the temperament and behavior problems of their children and mothers' characteristics with preschoolers. Method: Data were collected from 125 mothers of preschoolers in Kunpo city. The instruments used for this study were Korean CBCL, childrearing burden, mother's health questionnaire, and social support. Results: There were significant differences in the behavior problems according to preschooler's temperament. Difficult children were more hyperactive, withdrawn, aggressive, and premature in behavior. Preschoolers' behavior problems showed significant relationships with mothers' health problem, childrearing burden, and social support. Conclusion: Preschoolers' behavior problems are affected by their temperament, and related with mothers' characteristics. It is important to identify parents' perception on their children's temperament and behavior problems, and the parental role education programs are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.1 s.203
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• pp.177-189
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• 2005

This study investigated 3- and 5-year-old preschoolers' stress coping strategies depending on tasks, and whether preschoolers' stress coping strategies in each task depended on their temperament types. Subjects were 96 3- and 5-year-old preschoolers selected from three day-care centers in Seoul, Kounggi. A Parent Temperament Questionnaire for preschooler was used, and the coping strategies which each preschooler showed in task with perceived controllable, task with perceived uncontrollable were recorded by a video camera. Preschoolers' stress coping strategies recorded by a video camera were transcribed and analyzed according to the categories the researcher generated. Data were analyzed by paired t-tests and t-tests. As a results, there was a significant differences in preschoolers' stress coping strategies depending on the tasks and a significant temperament type difference in the preschoolers' stress coping strategies in each task.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.15-33
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate which variables predicted preschoolers' pro-social behavior. Subjects consisted of 250 preschooler-mother pairs; children were 3 to 6 years of age Children's emotional intelligence and pro-social behavior were assessed by classroom teachers. Data on the mothers' socialization beliefs and strategies as well as children's temperament were gathered through maternal self-reported questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-tests, correlation and regression analyses. Results showed that children's temperament (withdrawal predisposition) and emotional intelligence (self emotional expression) predicted children's pro-social behavior. Mothers' perceptions of the importance of pro-social behavior correlated negatively with children's pro-social behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.5 s.219
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• pp.143-155
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine which variables of interest predicted preschoolers' adjustment behavior. The variables of interest in this study were: 1) socio-demographic variables of children and their mothers 2) children's temperament 3) mother's parenting attitudes and 4) children's adjustment behavior. The study subjects were 365 preschooler-mother pairs. SPSS 11.0 program was used to analyze the data of this study. The results of regression analyses showed that a child's age was found to be the most influential predictor of the preschoolers' adjustment behavior. Also, gender and temperament, and maternal parenting altitudes were found to be predictive in the preschoolers' adjustment behavior. Finally, patterns in regression results differed by the preschooler's gender. Implications for research and practice were discussed in light of the study results.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.79-96
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between preschooler's temperament, externalizing behavior problems and mother's parenting competency. The 5th Panel Study of Korean Children by Korea Institute of Child Care and Education were analyzed in this study by using the structural model. The major findings are as follows, First, preschoolers' emotionality temperament were found to have a negative effect on mothers' parenting competency. Preschoolers' activity and sociability temperament had a positive influence on mothers' parenting competency. Second, preschoolers's emotionality temperament also had a direct impact on their externalizing problems behavior, otherwise preschoolers's activity and sociability temperament were unrelated to that. Third, mothers' parenting competency had a negative influence on preschoolers' externalizing problems behavior. Finally, mothers' parenting competency had mediating effects between preschoolers' temperament and their externalizing problems behavior. These findings suggest that parental education should be concerned about parenting competency based on the understanding of preschooler's temperament.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.187-196
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• 1995

This study was performed was performed to identify the predictability of maternal attitude from infant's temperament and mother's mental stability. It was focused on the comparison of the degree of predictability between infant's temperament and mother's mental stability. Data were collected from sixty-five mothers of infants. Mother's affective attitude was explained by both the maternal mental stability and the infant's temperament. After controlling the effect of mental stability, infant's temperament could explain the affective attitude. This result meant that infant's temperament showed the powerful effect on the maternal affective attitude. However, maternal controlling attitude was only explained by her mental stability but not by infant's temperament. This meant that infant's temperament could not explain mother's controlling behavior. However, interactive effect between infant's sex and temperament was found in the controlling attitude. Mothers showed more controlling attitude toward the difficult boys but not toward the difficult girls.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2003

This descriptive study was conducted to explore the mothers' perceived temperament of their preschoolers, and its related factors. Survey from 212 mothers of preschoolers residing in Seoul, Daejeon, and Suwon was performed, and Schaefer's MBRI(Maternal Behavior Research Instrument), and PTQ(Parent Temperament Questionnaire) by Thomas and Chess, Child-rearing burden instrument by Han were used to collect data from September 15 to October 31, 2002. Data was analyzed with SPSS 10.0 Win program. Summaries of results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in temperament type-easy or difficult child-depending upon the demographic characteristics. 2. In temperament subscale, boys showed higher activity level than girls, and in working mothers group, adaptability was significantly lower although mood was higher. Preschoolers with expanded families were higher in activity level and intensity of reaction than with nuclear families. 3. Approach-withdrawal, adaptability, and mood showed significant negative relationship with maternal childrearing burden. 4. Temperament showed significant positive or negative relationship with maternal childrearing attitudes. In conclusion, it determined preschoolers' temperament was affected by primary environment such as maternal attitude, childrearing burden, and family type as well as children's gender. It was suggested that parent education and counselling program in nursing would be needed to promote children's desirable temperament.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.217-224
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• 2004

Purpose: This comparative descriptive study was conducted to determine the effects of maternal employment on the maternal child-rearing attitude, child-rearing burden, and temperament and health related variables of their preschool children. Method: Samples were recruited in child care centers in Seoul, Daejeon, and Suwon. 209 mothers with children age of three to six participated. Result: Employed mothers showed more positive child-rearing attitude, but there was no significant difference in child-rearing burden, Also, maternal attitude and child-rearing burden were influenced by satisfaction on the employment state. Children's temperament subscales were not different in two groups. Breast feeding and compliance on vaccination were done better by unemployed mothers. However, home safety, experience of accident and hospitalization of children were not affected by maternal employment. Conclusion: Maternal employment has positive influence in some aspects. This study provides basic data for parent counseling and anticipatory guidance for employed mothers.