• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.50-56
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• 2019

Most patients with Tourette's disorder experience an uncomfortable sensory phenomenon called the premonitory urge immediately before experiencing tics. It has been suggested that premonitory urges are associated with comorbidities such as obsessive compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, although these associations have been inconsistent. Most patients experience tics as a result of the premonitory urges, and after the tics occur, most patients report that the premonitory urges are temporarily relieved. As a consequence, several studies have assessed the premonitory urge and its potential therapeutic utility. Based on the concept that the premonitory urge induces tics, behavioral treatments such as Exposure and Response Prevention and Habit Reversal Therapy have been developed. However, it is still unclear whether habituation, the main mechanism of these therapies, is directly related to their effectiveness. Moreover, the observed effects of pharmacological treatments on premonitory urges have been inconsistent.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.605-613
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• 1999

The main purposes of this study were to determine the time interval between the onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction and treatment-seeking time and to identify the factors related to the interval time. This study used a retrospective design. The sample consisted of 45 patients aged over 30 who were diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction at two large university affiliated medical center from September 1, 1997 to June 30, 1998. Data was collected by using questionnaries, which included demographic data, permonitory clinical signs and symtoms of myocardial infarction, and a measure of the severity of the signs and symptoms. Also semi-structured interviews and chart reviews were used to obtain information related to treatment-seeking time. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; 1. The most frequent premonitory clinical symptom was chest pain(92.9%), the second, was perspiration(81.0%), and the next were nausea(40.5%) and dyspnea(38.1%). Thirty two patients reported having more than four premonitory signs and symtoms. Patients described the characteristics of chest pain as “somethings very heavy pressing down”(26.2%), “felt like my chest would burst”(24.4%), or “sharp pain”(16.7%), Over 95% of the sample reported having chest pain. 2. Twenty two (52.4%) patients reported to have “very severe” premonitory pain. 3. The mean time interval between the onset of signs and symptoms and the arrival at the medical center was 6.39$\pm$10.80 hours in 42 samples, the mean time from the onset to arrival at a local hospital was 3.27$\pm$5.39 hours and for transfer from a local hospital to the medical center was 4.75$\pm$9.87 hours in patients who had arrived at medical center via local hospital. 4. The severity of premonitory signs and symptoms did not differ significantly according to existence of premonitory signs and symptoms. 5. There was no significant relationship between treatment-seeking time and age, gender, marital status, economic status, occupation, or residence. But education had significant relationship(r＝－0.51, p＝0.01). Analysis of difference of the time interval according to the premonitory signs and symptoms showed that the time was shorter in patients who experienced nausea or dyspnea(U＝115.50, p＝0.01, U＝132.00, p＝0.04), however the severity of premonitory signs and symptoms did not have statistical significance.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.146-153
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean Form of the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (K-PUTS). Methods: Thirty-eight patients with Tourette's disorder who visited Jeonbuk National University Hospital were assessed with the K-PUTS. Together with the PUTS, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scale (ARS), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were implemented to evaluate concurrent and discriminant validity. Results: The internal consistency of items on the PUTS was high, with a Cronbach's α of 0.79. The test-retest reliability of the PUTS, which was administered at 2 weeks to 2 months intervals, showed high reliability with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.60. There was a significant positive correlation between the overall PUTS score and the YGTSS score, showing concurrent validity. There was no correlation between the PUTS, CY-BOCS, and ASRS scores, demonstrating the discriminant validity of the PUTS. Factor analysis for construct validity revealed three factors: "presumed functional relationship between the tic and the urge to tic," "the quality of the premonitory urge," and "just right phenomena." Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the K-PUTS is a reliable and valid scale for rating premonitory urge of tics.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between premonitory urge, tic severity, and comorbidities in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders. Methods : In this study, scales for tic symptoms, premonitory urge, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and ADHD symptoms were repeatedly measured twice in 26 children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years with chronic tic disorders. Correlations between scales were confirmed through repeated measures correlation analysis, and causal relationships between scales were confirmed through regression analysis using a linear mixed model. Results : The degree of premonitory urges showed a significant positive correlation with the severity of tic symptoms, the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the severity of ADHD symptoms. The ADHD symptoms showed a significant positive correlation with the severity of tic symptoms. These results were the same even in children and adolescents with tic disorders who were not diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Additionally, premonitory urges were found to have a significant positive effect on the severity of tic symptoms. Conclusions : These results may be helpful in treating tic disorders and can be used in future tic disorder research considering developmental trajectory.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2017

The cases of animals unusual behavior have been reported occasionally before a major disaster occurs. Could animals unusual behavior associated with a major disaster occurrence, if so, could we foreknow a disaster occurrence? The purpose of study is to quest an answer through literature reviews on the relation between animals unusual behavior and premonitory symptoms of an earthquake. These empirical studies are classified three parts according as methodological framework; statistical analysis, experimental analysis, observation analysis. The results are simply divided as two, 'animals unusual behavior may be seen as a precursor of pre-disaster phenomena' and 'difficult to see.' A number of studies have been performed abroad, however there is no one in Korea. Most of the studies point out common limitations-difficult to verify the reliability of data, accidentally get and fewer samples of data, difficulty of ensuring appropriate data, etc. That is why more related research with animals unusual behavior and disaster occurrence is needed to validate cause-and-effect relation of animal unusual behavior and pre-disaster phenomena.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

Many researches on fire risk for normal electric wiring have been pursued in advanced countries such as the USA and Japan, but comparative studies of the partial disconnection and normal state of electric wires have not been conducted. Detection system for the cause of partial disconnection is not developed and prevention countermeasure for electrical fire by the cause is not effective. Therefore, in this paper, partial disconnection characteristics on electric wires were derived and analyzed by experiment and electrical-thermal finite element method(Flux 3D) on the model wires which consist of VCTF(PVC insulated PVC sheathed Cap Tyre Flexible Cord, KS C 3304) and IV(lndoorwire PVC, KS C 3302). VCTF is used in wiring portable electric appliances and the IV is used indoors. Interrelationships between partial disconnection premonitory symptom and current were derived and analyzed by the characteristics based on experiments and thermal analysis for electric wire according to current under normal state and 200% overload state of rated current.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2013

Botulinum toxin, a neurotoxin, is known to be an inhibitor of cholinergic neuromuscular transmission. Recently, it was reported that the administration of botulinum toxin is effective for the treatment of focal neurological motor disorders such as cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, spasmodic dysphonia, and writer's cramp. Several case studies reported that the botulinum toxin was administered for the treatment of motor tic or vocal tic. It was found that this toxin reduces the frequency and severity of the tic as well as the premonitory urge and symptoms. In our case study, a noticeable decrease of motor tic symptom was observed after an intramuscular injection of 300mg of botulinum toxin in an 18-year-old patient with Tourette's disorder who showed only a little improvement of motor tic and vocal tic symptoms after treatment with antipsychotic drugs for several years. This case is reported in our study and literature survey was undertaken for reviewing similar cases. In our study, an 18-year-old boy diagnosed with Tourette's disorder based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition presented with the following scores : the Clinical Global Impression scale, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (motor/vocal/severity), Premonitory Urge Score, Korean Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating scale, and Kovac Depression scale which were performed prior to the treatment were 5, 21/5/50, 100, 17, and 18 points, respectively. Two weeks after the injection of botulinum toxin, the scores were 4, 17/5/40, 50, 16, and 19 points, respectively. Eight weeks after the injection of botulinum toxin, they had become 3, 15/5/30, 25, 16, and 20 points, respectively, which clearly indicates a noticeable decrease of motor tic symptom.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.10c
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• pp.19-27
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• 2001

Early detection of premonitory symptom of slope movement ensures tremendous saving of lives and repair costs from catastrophic disaster. Therefore, it is essential to constantly monitor the performance and integrity of both reinforced and un-reinforced cut slopes. We developed a novel monitoring system by using tension wire sensors. It's advantages are highly sensitivity, simple installation, large displacement measurement, durability of system, capability of remote sensing. Real-time measurement of slope surface movement is shown graphically and it gives a warning when the monitored value exceeds a given threshold level so that any sign of abnormal slope movement can be easily perceived.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.393-398
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• 1987

Unstable angina pectoris is often premonitory to an acute myocardial infarction. Surgical revascularization in this syndrome is of great potential benefit and relatively low mortality. A patient with unstable angina pectoris is reported. A 65-year-old man complained of dyspnea and pain in the left anterior chest. The pain was brought on by mild exercise, occurred at rest and sleeping time. The pain worsened over a month period and more aggravated in intensity and duration. Physical examination showed no abnormalities except hypertension and laboratory data were within normal limits. His anginal pain was not relived by nitroglycerin ingestion. Preoperative coronary angiograms revealed significant obstruction [>90%] of left anterior descending coronary artery. Aorto-left anterior descending coronary bypass with autogenous saphenous vein used as conduit was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and he was discharged on 16th postoperative day in a healthy condition.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.137-143
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• 2005

Early detection of premonitory symptom of slope movement ensures tremendous saving of lives and repair costs from catastrophic disaster. Therefore, it is essential to constantly monitor the performance and integrity of both reinforced and un-reinforced cut slopes. We developed a novel monitoring system by using tension wire sensors. It's advantages are highly sensitivity, simple installation, large displacement measurement, durability of system, capability of remote sensing. Real-time measurement of slope surface movement is shown graphically and it gives a warning when the monitored value exceeds a given threshold level so that any sign of abnormal slope movement can be easily perceived.