• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

뇌 자기공명영상(Magnetic Resornance Imaging; MRI)에서 검사 중 발생되는 소음을 줄이기 위한 기법으로 경사 파형을 변경한 Quiet $T_2$-weighted Turbo Spin-Echo(이하 Q-$T_2$)와 일반적으로 사용되는 $T_2$-weighted Turbo Spin-Echo(이하 $T_2$) 영상의 소음수준 및 영상의 질을 비교하여 그 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 3.0T MR 기기로 뇌 MR 검사를 받은 60명(남자 29명, 여자 31명, 평균 연령 60.1세)의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. Q-$T_2$와 $T_2$ 각각의 영상에서 소음 및 심박동수를 측정하였다. 정량적 분석은 Q-$T_2$와 $T_2$의 SNR, CNR, SIR 값을 측정한 뒤 독립표본 T검정을 이용하여 통계적 분석을 하였다. 정성적 분석은 Q-$T_2$와 $T_2$의 전체적인 영상의 질에 대하여 육안으로 평가하였다. 평가는 5점 척도로서 우수(excellent) 5점, 양호(good) 4점, 보통(fair) 3점, 불량(poor) 2점, 평가불가(unacceptable) 1점으로 평가하였다. Q-$T_2$와 $T_2$ 검사 중 평균소음과 peak소음은 Q-$T_2$가 기존 $T_2$에 비해 각각 $15dB_A$, $10dB_A$ 감소하였다. 또한 각각의 검사 중 120초 동안 심박동수의 평균값은 Q-$T_2$에서 더 낮은 값으로 나타났지만 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 정량적 분석의 결과 CNR과 SIR은 유의한 차이가 없었으며, SNR은 Q-$T_2$가 더 낮은 평균값을 보임으로서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 정성적 분석은 59개의 Q-$T_2$와 $T_2$ 영상의 질이 동일하게 우수(excellent) 5점으로 평가되었으며, 1개의 영상에서 모션 아티팩트로 인해 양호(good) 4점으로 평가되었다. Q-$T_2$는 기존의 $T_2$와 같이 검사시간 및 진단의 정확도는 동일하지만 소음을 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있으며, 이로인하여 환자 편의를 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.102-110
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• 1999

Objectives : The alcohol dependence in elderly people has been prevalent because of increase in geriatric population. However, it is difficult to find out alcohol dependence in the aged, because they have less specific clinical features as compared with adult alcoholics. The aims of this study were to screen alcohol dependence among elderly Koreans and to know the clinical characteristics of Korean delerly alcoholics. Methods : The questionnaires translated into Korean such as Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test(MAST-K), the Brief MAST and the MAST-Geriatirc Version (MAST-KG) were used to screen alcohol dependence in the elderly alcoholic inpatients aged over 60(N=43), adult alcoholic inpatients within 20-59 Yrs of age(N=60), which were compared with age matched normal healthy aged(N=18) or adult controls(N=45). The demographic data such as sex, age, education, occupation, socioeconomic status, marital status, numbers of children, dwelling and religion as well as alcohol history such as duration of alcohol drinking, onset age, family history, impulsivity, somatic illness and motivation were also obtained to identify characteristic features of Korean aged alcoholics by structured interviews. Results : 1) The aged alcoholics had the charateristic features of more in males, lower age, low education levels, more in blue-collar workers, lower socioeconomic class, more in single, few babies, more living alone, having no religion without statistical significance. 2) The onset age of alcohol dependence was significantly higher in the aged alcoholics($45.3{\pm}13.6Yrs$) than in the adult alcoholics($27.7{\pm}8.7Yrs$)(p<0.0001). The duration of problematic alcohol drinking was significantly longer in the aged alcoholics($22.0{\pm}15.1Yrs$) than in adult alcoholics($14.2{\pm}8.4Yrs$)(p<0.01). Otherwise, there were no significant difference between aged and adult alcoholics in the family history, imulsivity, somatic illness and motivation. 3) The mean score of the MAST-K was significantly higher in the aged alcoholics($20.6{\pm}5.4$) than in the normal aged($6.7{\pm}4.4$)(p<0.0001), which was significantly lower than in the adult alcoholics($26.2{\pm}8.0$) and in normal adult controls($9.5{\pm}3.2$)(p<0.05). The mean score of the Brief MAST was significantly lower in the aged alcoholics($9.3{\pm}3.5$) than in the adult alcoholics($14.5{\pm}6.6$)(p<0.0001). The mean score of the MAST-KG was significantly higher in the aged alcoholics($10.6{\pm}3.5$) than in the normal aged($4.8{\pm}4.3$)(p<0.0001). The former was significantly lower than in the adult alcoholics($12.9{\pm}4.3$)(p<0.005), and the mean score was $4.5{\pm}2.8$ in normal adult controls. 4) The items which showed statistically significant differences between aged alcoholics and normal aged controls could be found in 10 items of the MAST-K(items 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 14, 17, 21, 22 and 23), 2 items of the Brief MAST(items 2 and 9), and 7 items of the MAST-KG(items 6, 13, 18, 19, 22, 23 and 24)(p<0.01). Conclusions : The scores of the MAST-K, the Brief MAST and the MAST-KG were significantly lower in the aged alcoholics than those in the adult alcoholics (p<0.05). The statistically significant differences between aged alcoholics and normal aged controls could be found in 10 items of the MAST-K, 2 items of the Brief MAST and 7 items of the MAST-KG. Therefore, a briefer rating scales around 10 items are needed to screen alcohol dependence among Korean elderly people.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.216-224
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• 2015

본 연구는 졸음운전 사고 경험자들의 수면관련 질환에 관한 유병율을 조사하기 위하여 설문에 응답한 192명 중에서 정상수면 후 사고 경험자 34명(그룹 1), 비 정상수면 후 사고 경험자 22명(그룹 2), 수면다원검사 결과가 정상이면서 사고 경험이 없는 17명(그룹 3)을 대상으로 평상 시 수면습관에 대한 설문 결과와 수면다원검사, 다중수면잠복기검사 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 수면습관에 대한 설문에서 잠자는 동안 얼마나 자주 깨는지(p<0.01), 한번 잠에서 깬 후 다시 잠들기 얼마나 어려운지(p<0.05), 아침에 얼마나 빨리 깨는지(p<0.05), 아침에 일어나기 어려운 정도(p<0.05), 낮에 졸리운 정도(p<0.01), 낮에 피곤한 정도(p<0.01)에서 그룹 간 유의성이 확인되었다. 또한, 졸음운전 교통사고 경험이 있는 연구대상자 56명 중, 94.6% (53명)에서 수면 관련 질환이 확인 되었다. 따라서 졸음운전 교통사고가 단순하게 일시적 수면부족만이 원인이 아니라 수면시간이 충분해도 수면관련 질환의 영향으로 주간졸음증이 발생하고, 그로 인해 교통사고 등이 발생한다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 졸음운전 교통사고와 수면 관련 질환 사이의 연관성에 대해 확인해 보는 것에 의의가 있었다. 또한 이 데이터들은 수면질환과 관련된 졸음운전에 대하여 사회적 대책 마련을 강구하는데 필요한 기초 자료가 되리라고 사료된다.

• 천문학회지
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• 제29권spc1호
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• pp.63-64
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• 1996

The nature of distant faint blue field galaxies remains a mystery, despite the fact that much attention has been devoted to this subject in the last decade. Galaxy counts, particularly those in the optical and near ultraviolet bandpasses, have been demonstrated to be well in excess of those expected in the 'no-evolution' scenario. This has usually been taken to imply that galaxies were brighter in the past, presumably due to a higher rate of star formation. More recently, redshift surveys of galaxies as faint as B$\~$24 have shown that the mean redshift of faint blue galaxies is lower than that predicted by standard evolutionary models (de-signed to fit the galaxy counts). The galaxy number count data and redshift data suggest that evolutionary effects are most prominent at the faint end of the galaxy luminosity function. While these data constrain the form of evolution of the overall luminosity function, they do not constrain evolution in individual galaxies. We are carrying out a series of observations as part of a long-term program aimed at a better understanding of the nature and amount of luminosity evolution in individual galaxies. Our study uses the luminosity-linewidth relation (Tully-Fisher relation) for disk galaxies as a tool to study luminosity evolution. Several studies of a related nature are being carried out by other groups. A specific experiment to test a 'no-evolution' hypothesis is presented here. We have used the AUTOFIB multifibre spectro-graph on the 4-metre Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) and the Rutgers Fabry-Perot imager on the Cerro Tolalo lnteramerican Observatory (CTIO) 4-metre tele-scope to measure the internal kinematics of a representative sample of faint blue field galaxies in the red-shift range z = 0.15-0.4. The emission line profiles of [OII] and [OIII] in a typical sample galaxy are significantly broader than the instrumental resolution (100-120 km $s^{-l}$), and it is possible to make a reliable de-termination of the linewidth. Detailed and realistic simulations based on the properties of nearby, low-luminosity spirals are used to convert the measured linewidth into an estimate of the characteristic rotation speed, making statistical corrections for the effects of inclination, non-uniform distribution of ionized gas, rotation curve shape, finite fibre aperture, etc.. The (corrected) mean characteristic rotation speed for our distant galaxy sample is compared to the mean rotation speed of local galaxies of comparable blue luminosity and colour. The typical galaxy in our distant sample has a B-band luminosity of about 0.25 L$\ast$ and a colour that corresponds to the Sb-Sd/Im range of Hub-ble types. Details of the AUTOFIB fibre spectroscopic study are described by Rix et al. (1996). Follow-up deep near infrared imaging with the 10-metre Keck tele-scope+ NIRC combination and high angular resolution imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope's WFPC2 are being used to determine the structural and orientation parameters of galaxies on an individual basis. This information is being combined with the spatially resolved CTIO Fabry-Perot data to study the internal kinematics of distant galaxies (Ing et al. 1996). The two main questions addressed by these (preliminary studies) are: 1. Do galaxies of a given luminosity and colour have the same characteristic rotation speed in the distant and local Universe? The distant galaxies in our AUTOFIB sample have a mean characteristic rotation speed of $\~$70 km $s^{-l}$ after correction for measurement bias (Fig. 1); this is inconsistent with the characteristic rotation speed of local galaxies of comparable photometric proper-ties (105 km $s^{-l}$) at the > $99\%$ significance level (Fig. 2). A straightforward explanation for this discrepancy is that faint blue galaxies were about 1-1.5 mag brighter (in the B band) at z $\~$ 0.25 than their present-day counterparts. 2. What is the nature of the internal kinematics of faint field galaxies? The linewidths of these faint galaxies appear to be dominated by the global disk rotation. The larger galaxies in our sample are about 2"-.5" in diameter so one can get direct insight into the nature of their internal velocity field from the $\~$ I" seeing CTIO Fabry-Perot data. A montage of Fabry-Perot data is shown in Fig. 3. The linewidths are too large (by. $5\sigma$) to be caused by turbulence in giant HII regions.