• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.37-49
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to identify preteen girls and their mothers' apparel image preference and apparel purchase behavior. This study was particularly interested in verifying the influencing factors of plus size preteen girls' apparel choice by investigating the correlations between preteens' physical characteristic and their apparel related variables. Data were obtained from the questionnaire by 190 preteen girls and 120 mothers. The influential power of preteens on apparel purchase decision was greater than that of their mothers, and their preferred apparel images were comfortable/neat, cute/girlish, and mature/chic. Comparing to preteen girls, their mothers preferred comfortable/neat and cute/girlish images to mature/chic apparel image. Their physical maturity levels were significantly correlated with apparel image preference. Moreover, plus size preteen girls' interests in appearance and clothing was higher than that of normal weight preteen girls, this implied potentiality in apparel market for plus size preteen.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.27-45
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• 2006

On this research, we classified Korean consumers into several comsumer groups based on the different decision-making process they endorse, and then investigated the difference among these consumer groups in frequency, expenditure, satisfaction in using different types of retail stores. For this research, we have surveyed consumers dwelling in Seoul and in near-Seoul areas in 2004. The following is the summary of the main results. First, 'enjoy shopping' group showed a high expenditure rate in department store shopping and internet shopping, whereas 'impulsive decision' group more frequently visited traditional market places, 'fashion pursuing' group and 'enjoy shopping' group visited department stores more frequently than traditional market places. Second, 'impulsive decision' group assessed that the traditional market place offers better price and quality. Also 'impulsive decision' group and 'enjoy shopping' group assessed positively on the AS provided by department stores, and assessed negatively on the AS provided by internet shopping malls. Finally, 'fashion pursuer' group preferred buying foods from traditional market places, while 'brand seeker' group and 'fashion pursuer' group preferred buying clothes from discount stores. While 'enjoy shopping' group showed a high preference in buying clothes in department stores, 'rational decision-making' group showed a low preference in buying clothes in department stores.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.73-78
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• 1994

In this study, we are to exam the flexibility of the house planning in Korean situation. For this, not only the study of literature but the analysis of occupant's behavior are needed. This paper is limited in the research of literature. As results, 4 dimensions of the problems in the flexible house planning are extracted. They are, choice and partispation of occupants, reinvestment of a supplementay expenditures, occupant's preference of flexible house, and the problems of exisitin planning of apartment house.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.829-839
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of the fast food and beverage intake on sociality and anger expression of adolescents. Questionnaires were distributed to the adolescents of 599 middle and high school students in Busan. According to the results, the preference-intake frequency analysis (PEA) on fast food grid, high preference and high intake frequency were 'dukbokki', 'chicken' and 'mandu' and low preference and high intake frequency were 'ramyon', 'gimbab. PEA on beverage grid, high preference and high intake frequency were 'milk-dairy product', 'fruit juice', 'isotonic beverage' and low preference and high intake frequency were 'carbonate drink'. The intake frequency of 'pizza', 'sandwich', 'udong', and 'dukbokki' had a positive relationship with sociality. 'Hamburger', 'chicken', 'french fry', 'gimbab', 'mandu', and 'ramyon' showed a positive relationship with anger-out. The intake frequency of 'carbonated drink' had a negative relationship with anger-control, but 'green tea' showed a positive relation with it. 'Carbonate drink', 'isotonic beverage', 'coffee', and 'milkshake' had a negative relationship with anger-out. The explanation power ($R^2$) of intake of fast food and beverage on sociality was $0.019{\sim}0.038$, and 'carbonated drink' and 'coffee' had a negative influence on sociality. The explanation power ($R^2$) of intake of fast food and beverage on anger expression was $0.011{\sim}0.041$, and 'carbonated drink' had a negative influence on angercontrol. 'Hamburger', 'carbonated drink', and 'coffee' showed a positive influence on anger-out. From these results, it was necessary to develop the practical eating-out habits program on proper fast food and beverage choice for adolescents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.162-162
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• 2003

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.338-350
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• 2015

Objectives: This study developed two weeks menu using temple foods, assessed preference for the menu among ordinary people, and determined the possibility of using temple foods to make out institutional food service menu. Methods: To make out the menu, 153 typical types of temple food were selected, under several conditions, thus including balanced food groups, natural foods in season, preparation time, preparation methods, and foods appropriated for institutional foodservice. Results: Developed menu contained 1905.8 kcal, had low fat content, high dietary fiber, vitamin, and mineral content, and good protein content in the nutritional respect, and fit protein requirements with low calorie content and high nutritional value. In the assessment of the food preference for 73 temple food items, most of the foods scored high (4 out of 5 points) for preference in general; therefore, the menu tended to be satisfied to the adults' preference. In particular, boiled rice (rice with chwi, rice with cirsium, rice with mushroom, rice with mushroom & vegetable and gimbap with tofu) and fried foods (fried shiitake with sweet & sour sauce and fried kelp) were highly preferred. Conclusions: The menu using temple foods can be a healthy choice for adults if it is well planned and managed. This study may be expected to provide basic data that would help developing menu to popularize temple foods. The above results could be applied at home as well as at foodservice institutes and furthermore could offer information for developing temple food products.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.177-188
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• 2013

This study examines how managerial ownership structure affects the borrower's choice of private versus public debt using 2,608 firm-year data for 2006-2008. This paper investigates the relationship between managerial ownership structure and debt choice. Managerial ownership is measured using number of stocks and unexercised stock-options and debt is classified public and private debt. The results find that there is a positive association between managerial ownership and the private debt dependence and also find that when firms finance additional funds, higher managerial ownership leads managers to choose private debt not public debt. Since private debt can be classified into bank debt and non bank debt, this paper examines the relationship between managerial ownership and a choice of bank debt. The results indicate that managers with higher ownership are more likely to use bank debt over public debt and non bank debt. By examining the relation between managerial ownership and a debt choice, this paper has following contributions. First, this study shows that managerial ownership affects the choice of the source of financing using three different proxies of managerial ownership. Second, this study classified private debt into bank debt and non-bank debt and provide the evidence of preference toward private debt especially bank debt among other financing sources. Finally, there are extensive studies related to capital structure and managerial ownership, but there is little empirical research on the debt choice and managerial ownership. Thus, this paper adds to literature by exploring the effects of managerial ownership on a debt choice.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.79-91
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• 2015

Purpose - First, the study identifies and analyzes consumer preferences with regard to health foods and supplements. Second, it identifies and analyzes consumer preferences with regard to the properties of Vitamin C supplements. Third, in order to provide a basic data for the development of Vitamin C supplements and to measure how consumers value the properties of different Vitamin C products, a consumer survey was conducted through the choice-based conjoint model. Based on the results, the research estimates consumers' relative product-related priorities as well as price levels and willingness to pay (WTP) for different product types, and makes suggestions regarding consumer-oriented new product development and progressive directions for the successful launch of health foods and supplements. Research design, data, and methodology - This study aims to define the attributes of health foods and supplements based on several characteristics including their natural ingredients, product price, product originality, natural ingredient content, and additional functional ingredients, and makes suggestions regarding strategic market pricing and product development for health foods and supplements according to customer attitudes and characteristics. The research used choice-based conjoint analysis methodology based on the Multinomial Logic Model and collected 94 questionnaires filled out by users of Korean Vitamin C supplements. Results - Product price is the most influential factor among the five analyzed properties. When consumers buy Vitamin C products, the relative significance level of four of the examined properties is as follows: 40.9% for product price, 23.3% for product originality, 21.9% for natural ingredient content, and 13.9% for additional functional ingredients. Vitamin C content is excluded as it is not a statistically significant factor. It is interesting that supplement manufacturers and retailers consider Vitamin C content to be very important whereas consumers do not regard it as an important factor at the time of purchase. The results for the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for each property of Vitamin C supplements show that consumers are willing to pay an additional 11,146 Korean won for a 50% increase in the natural ingredient content. With regard to product originality, consumers are willing to pay an additional 11,301 Korean won for products manufactured in Europe than for products manufactured in China. Moreover, consumers show a greater preference for products manufactured in Korea than in Europe. However, consumers are not willing to pay more for additional Vitamin C or additional functional ingredients added to Vitamin C products. Conclusions - According to the results of consumer research on Vitamin C supplements, which represent a popular health food supplement in Korea, most Korean health food and supplement companies are not consumer- or market-oriented when developing new products. Companies gather information from either R&D specialists or sales managers and their opinions are highly reflected in new product development. The study's results will help companies recognize the importance of understanding consumers' unmet needs in advance to develop new products in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.61-70
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• 2008

The study proposed a new type of bus information, Real-time Bus Crowdedness (RBC) information, to meet various demands of users and improve the convenience level of using public transportation, while existing bus information provided by bus information systems(BIS) were limited to bus operating information such as predicted bus arrival time. To analyze the impacts of providing the proposed RBC information, stated preference(SP) survey was performed and a methodology of disaggregate analysis (e.g., binary logit) was applied to develop passenger choice models. Additionally, passenger choice models incorporating the heterogeneity of different user groups(i.e., by age or trip purposes) were developed to evaluate the different responses on RBC information. The results showed that providing RBC information was significantly related to users' bus choices and the responses of user groups were significantly different, especially the age group of more then 60 was most affected by the RBC information on their bus choices. Also trip purposes were significantly related to users' bus choices, for instance the impacts of providing RBC information was bigger for non-business trips(leisure/meet friend/personal business, shopping, hospital) compared to business trip.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3D
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• pp.409-416
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• 2006

Real-time traveler information disseminated through Variable Message Signs (VMS) is known to have effects on driver route choice decisions. In the past, many studies have attempted to optimize the system performance using VMS message content as the primary control variable of driver route choice. This research proposes a VMS information provision optimization model which searches the best combination of VMS message contents and display sequence to minimize the total travel time on a highway network considered. The driver route choice models under VMS information provision are developed using a stated preference (SP) survey data in order to realistically capture driver response behavior. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find the optimal VMS information provision strategies which consists of the VMS message contents and the sequence of message display. In the process of the GA module, the system performance is measured using micro traffic simulation. The experiment results highlight the capability of the proposed model to search the optimal solution in an efficient way. The results show that the traveler information conveyed via VMS can reduce the total travel time on a highway network. They also suggest that as the frequency of VMS message update gets shorter, a smaller number of VMS message contents performs better to reduce the total travel time, all other things being equal.