• 식물병연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2023

당근 검은잎마름병을 일으키는 Alternaria dauci의 병원성 검정을 위해서는 양과 질이 우수한 포자를 형성할 수 있는 조건의 표준화가 필요하다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 배지의 종류, 통기 처리, UV 처리 등이 A. dauci KACC42997의 포자 형성에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. A. dauci KACC42997은 25℃, 암 상태의 PDA 배지에서 7일간 전배양하였다. 배지 상에 나타난 병원균의 공중 균사를 제거하고, 20℃에서 통기 처리와 12시간 주기의 UV 처리를 동시에 실시하며 5일간 배양하였을 때, 가장 많은 포자를 형성하였다. 확립 포자 형성 조건에서 평창, 구미, 제주 등 당근의 주요 재배지역에서 분리한 170개의 다양한 A. dauci 균주가 포자를 형성하는지의 여부를 확인한 결과, 20개 균주가 포자를 형성하지 못하였고, 88.2%의 균주는 포자를 형성하였다. 또한 지역 균주 집단 간의 포자 형성량에는 차이가 있었지만, 당근에 대한 병원성에는 차이가 없었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2011

Wood Polymer Composite(WPC)는 우수한 물성 및 가공성과 더불어 자원재활용 및 벌목규제 대응 등의 환경적인 측면에서 각광을 받고 있는 재료이다. 본 연구에서는 이축스크류식 치합형 압출기를 이용하여 상용화 WPC를 제조하였다. WPC의 물성에 영향을 미치는 세 가지 주요 실험 변수 즉 목분의 함량, coupling agent의 함량 그리고 목분의 전처리 영향을 자세히 관찰하였다. 목분의 함량에 따른 WPC의 물성변화는 목분함량이 증가함에 따라 인장강도 와 열안정성이 감소하고, 수분흡수성이 증가하는 것이 관찰되었다. PP-g-MA 첨가 시 기계적 물성은 향상되고, 수분흡수성이 감소하는 것이 관찰되었다. 목분을 전처리하여 제조한 시편에서는 가장 높은 인장강도의 향상을 나타냈지만, 셀룰로스의 결정구조 변화로 수분흡수성이 증가하는 것이 확인되었다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2001

We studied adaptive response in CHL cells by benzidine dihydrochloride, a derivative of benzidine, which was a major mutagenic agent in dye industry. Chromosome aberration analysis was used for the identification of adaptive response to this mutagen. Adaptive and reactive doses were confirmed by cell proliferation rate curve. Cell proliferation rate curve was obtained from the mitotic indices of cells treated with various concentrations of benzidine dihydrochloride for 24 hours. Marked adaptive responses to benzidine dihydrochloride in the induction of chromosome aberration were observed in CHL cells by pre-treatment with low concentrations of benzidine dihydrochloride (0.0047 mg/$m\ell$ or 0.0094 mg/$m\ell$) for 24 hours following post-treatment with high concentrations (0.0187, 0.0375, 0.075, 0.15 mg/$m\ell$) for 24 hours. These adaptive responses were found mostly in the type of chromatid breaks and chromatid exchanges. There is no difference in these results between two adaptive doses, 0.0047 mg/$m\ell$ and 0.0094 mg/$m\ell$. The amount of adaptive response, however, was dependent on post-treatment doses.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2016

Lyocell fibers were used as a precursor in order to improve yield and strength of cellulose-based precursor while manufacturing activated carbon fiber(ACF). Lyocell fibers as a precursor for the preparation of ACF were surface-modified by reaction with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(APTES) and pre-treated with KOH and H3PO4. Using aforementioned precursor, ACFs were prepared by a series of stabilization, carbonization and activation process at high temperatures. On each process, FT-IR, TGA, UTM and SEM were used to observe fibers' physical properties including structure and porous surfaces. FT-IR results proved that surface modification was achieved during stabilization, carbonization and activation process. TGA results during carbonization process found that surface modified fibers with APTES 0.02 mol(A2) showed higher thermostability, and extended pre-treatment increased yield. Especially, yield was found to have an increase of 10~20 wt% with surface modification during activation process. UTM results showed that tensile strength has the same order of concentration of APTES after surface modification, however, was found to show lower tensile strength than lyocell fibers after stabilization process. SEM results revealed that more homogeneous porosity control could be proceed after modifying the surface for the effective removal of hazardous substances.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2015

Many of the natural dyes used for natural dyeing are difficult to maintain colorfastness due to their complex structure and specific properties. Therefore, there is a need for developing of color sustainable ability for use as an advanced coloring agent for fabrics, which would eco benign or not. In this study, the natural dye extracted from the waste of grape fruits was used to dye cotton fabric. Thus, the present study aims at extraction of color from grape seeds, skin, and stem through fermentation and then employing the same in dyeing and mordanting of cotton. Dyeing experiments were done under different conditions of fermentation and protein type mordants which were treated before and after dyeing. Experimental fabrics were used with cotton after scouring. Color value of dyed fabrics and color fastness of cotton dyed fabrics to washing and light were measured. The fastness of dyed experimental fabrics was increased by mordanting of protein fermentation and the color of dyed cotton was light red purple. The color of dyed fabric found with the optimum mordant treatment when treated with pre milk-mordant at $40^{\circ}C$ for 30min and 3% grape seed extract. On the whole, reddish tone very slightly increased with the milk pre-mordant. The color fastness of dyed cotton fabrics to light and washing was increased after fermentation.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.578-589
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• 2002

The purpose of this research was to analyze the residual water retention and to determine the number and species of microorganisms from the wet cotton fabrics in dehydration and drying process during washing. The drying rates of terrycloth and interlock knit under the rainy seasons were measured according to the dehydration and hanging methods, layers of fabric and pre-treatment agents. Microorganisms were isolated from the dried terrycloth by pure culture, and were identified by Biolog system. The results are as follow: The initial water retention of fabrics after dehydration decreased in the order of dripping>centrifuge>squeezing method, which affected the drying rate. The drying rates were faster by increasing surface area of fabrics. There was no significant difference in drying rate among the fabrics pre-treated with detergent, or fabric softener, or cationic surfactants such as Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) and Benzalkonium chloride(BC). Puedomonas aureginosa was found in the fabrics treated with a powder-type detergent. On the other side, there was no growth of microorganism in the fabrics treated with a liquid-type detergent (containing antibacterial agent), CTAB and BC.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2023

Autophagy is a process of eliminating damaged or unnecessary proteins and organelles, thereby maintaining intracellular homeostasis. Deregulation of autophagy is associated with several diseases including cancer. Contradictory dual roles of autophagy have been well established in cancer. Cytoprotective mechanism of autophagy has been extensively investigated for overcoming resistance to cancer therapies including radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Selective autophagy inhibitors that directly target autophagic process have been developed for cancer treatment. Efficacies of autophagy inhibitors have been tested in various pre-clinical cancer animal models. Combination therapies of autophagy inhibitors with chemotherapeutics are being evaluated in clinal trials. In this review, we will focus on genetical and pharmacological perturbations of autophagy-related proteins in different steps of autophagic process and their therapeutic benefits. We will also summarize combination therapies of autophagy inhibitors with chemotherapies and their outcomes in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Understanding of current knowledge of development, progress, and application of cytoprotective autophagy inhibitors in combination therapies will open new possibilities for overcoming drug resistance and improving clinical outcomes.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.308-318
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• 2019

Bio-sulfur can be produced in the process of desulfurization from a landfill and collected by some microorganism such as Thiobacillus sp. as a sulfur element. In order to investigate practical use of bio-sulfur as an agent for controlling plant disease, in vitro antifungal activity of bio-sulfur was tested against Colletotrichum orbiculare known to cause cucumber anthracnose. Efficacy of bio-sulfur for suppressing anthracnose disease was also evaluated in vivo using cucumber leaves. Mycelial growth of C. orbiculare on medium containing bio-sulfur was inhibited. Disease severity of cucumber leaves pre-treated with bio-sulfur was significantly decreased compared to that of untreated ones. To illustrate how bio-sulfur could suppress anthracnose disease, structures of cucumber leaves infected with C. orbiculare were observed under a fluorescent microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Cucumber leaves pre-treated with bio-sulfur showed a low rate of appressorium formation whereas untreated ones showed abundant appressoria. Shrunk fungal hyphae were mostly observed on bio-sulfur-pretreated leaves by SEM. Similar results were observed on leaves pre-treated with a commercial fungicide Benomyl(R). These results suggest that inhibition of appressorium formation of C. orbiculare by bio-sulfur may contribute to its suppression of cucumber anthracnose.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2011

본 연구는 컴퓨터 단층촬영(Computed Tomography; 이하 CT)검사 환자를 대상으로 요인별 불안에 따른 지각과 반응의 정도를 파악하고, 변수들 간의 관련성을 분석하여 CT검사 환자의 검사에 대한 인식을 향상시켜 불안을 감소시키기 위한 과학적 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상은 2010년 7월부터 2010년 9월까지 3개의 대학병원 영상의학과에서 CT검사 환자 263명을 대상으로 구조화된 자기기입식으로 설문조사 를 실시하였다. CT 검사 대상자의 불안에 대한 영향을 알아보기 위해 단변량 분석으로 독립변수의 CT검사 관련 특성에 따른 CT검사 요인별 불안은 환자의 방사선 노출, CT검사 이유, 질병상태 인지여부, 비용 부담자, 경제적 부담, 충분한 설명, 설명 주체에 따른, 내시경 조직검사 유무, 사전 처치에 따른, CT검사 이전에 따른, CT부작용 경험에 따른, 조영제 부작용에 발생에 따른 요인으로 나뉘어지고 종속변수의 불안 요인은 신체적 요인, 병원종사자 요인, 병원환경 요인, 사회경제적 요인으로 나뉘어 SPSS WIN(ver. 13.0) 통계프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해 볼 때, CT검사 환자의 요인별 불안의 지각과 반응의 정도가 경제부담, 상태불안, 전처치 불안, 방사선 노출 불안, 부작용 불안에서 유의한 차이를 보여주고 있다. 따라서 검사의 전처치와 조영제의 화학적 독성, 부작용에 관한 사전교육프로그램 개발을 통해 CT검사 환자들의 검사에 대한 불안을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료되며 이러한 연구를 기초 자료로 CT검사 환자의 불안정도와 불안요인을 감소시키기 위해서 중재 방안이 지속적으로 연구되고 개선되어야 할 것이다. 또한 환자의 경제적 부담이 CT검사 불안에 영향을 미치는 것을 인지하고 사회적으로 해결해 나가야 할 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.46-55
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• 1999

To develop a chemopreventive strategy based on the different stages of premalignant lesions, we hypothesized that the inhibitory effect of chemopreventive agents is influenced by different promotion stages during carcinogenesis. DMBA-TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis was used with ICR mice and chlorophyllin (CHL) was applied as a chemopreventive agent. In vitro assay was performed with Salmonella typhi. TA100 to observe any anti-mutagenic activity of CHL against DMBA. Pre-initiation and pre-promotion effects of CHL were observed by CHL treatment before initiation and before promotion. To evaluate the inhibitory effect at different promotion stages, each group was divided into three subgroups after TPA promotion for 6, 18 and 24 weeks, respectively ; the first subgroup was immediately sacrificed after termination of TPA, the second subgroup was treated with CHL, and the third subgroup was sacrificed 8 weeks after termination of TPA without CHL treatment. The degrees of epithelial dysplasia, papilloma formation, and invasive carcinoma were observed histologically, and GST-Pi expression was observed immunohistochemically. ODC mRNA level was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Results showed : CHL dose-dependently inhibited the mutation of Salmonella typhi. TA100; the incidence of epithelial dysplasia and papilloma formation was lower in pre-initiation and pre-promotion CHL-treated mice than DMBA-TPA-treated mice; no invasive carcinoma developed in pre-initiation CHL-treated groups, while 67% of DMBA-TPA treated mice had carcinomas; GST-Pi expression decreased when CHL was treated before initiation and before promotion; and when CHL was treated after termination of TPA application at 18 and 24- week-TPA promotion stages, respectively, the incidence of epithelial dysplasia and papilloma was markedly reduced compared to non-treated groups. When comparing the incidence of epithelial dysplasia and papilloma between the immediately-sacrificed subgroup and the non-treated group with a waiting period, we speculated that the 18-week-TPA promotion stage might belong to the promoter-independent progression stage. At the 18-week-TPA promotion stage, the level of ODC mRNA in the CHL-treated group was clearly reduced to the level of normal tissue. Taking these results together, CHL showed both anti-initiation and anti-promotion effects, while the inhibitory effect of CHL was prominent in the 18-week-TPA promotion stage. However, CHL seems to be incapable of completely blocking the progression in the 24-week-TPA promotion stage.