• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.619-623
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• 2018

Bovine coccidiosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases affecting calf productivity. Here, we investigated the prevalence of Eimeria spp. in pre-weaned native Korean calves and determined the correlation between diarrhea and Eimeria spp. Fecal samples were collected from individual calves (288 normal and 191 diarrheic) in 6 different farms. Of the 479 samples, Eimeria oocysts were detected in 124 calves (25.9%). Five Eimeria spp. were identified; E. zuernii (18.8%) was the most prevalent, followed by E. auburnensis (12.5%), E. bovis (7.5%), E. subspherica (5.8%), and E. bukidnonensis (1.0%). A significant correlation was observed between diarrhea and mixed infection with more than 2 Eimeria spp. (odds ratio [OR]=2.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-4.49; P=0.03) compared to single infection (OR=1.29; 95% CI: 0.77-2.15; P=0.33). Of the 5 Eimeria spp. identified, E. subspherica (95% CI: 1.24-5.61; P=0.01) and E. bukidnonensis (95% CI: 825.08-1,134.25; P=0.00) strongly increased the risk of diarrhea by 2.64-fold and 967.39-fold, respectively, compared to other species. Moreover, mixed infection with E. auburnensis and E. bukidnonensis was significantly associated with diarrhea (OR=2,388.48; 95% CI: 1,009.71-5,650.00; P<0.00) in pre-weaned native Korean calves. This is the first report to demonstrate the importance of E. bukidnonensis associated with diarrhea in pre-weaned native Korean calves. Further epidemiological studies should investigate the prevalence of E. bukidnonensis and the association between E. bukidnonensis and diarrhea.

• Management Science and Financial Engineering
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.25-41
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• 1999

This paper generalizes the classic two-stage multicommodity distribution system design problem to the one that includes plant locations as well as distribution center locations. Accommodating plant location leads to subproblems which are mixed are mixed integer. Hence. no LP-type subproblems are avail-able, and therefore standard Benders decomposition no longer applies. We develop new solution method which combines an integer L-shaped method with Benders decomposition to suit the purpose, and pre-sent the test results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.34S no.10
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• pp.104-111
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• 1997

It is known as a difficult problem to recognize text-background mixed documents. In this paper a new string extraction algorithm, using mathematical morphology for the document consisting of text and overlapped periodic background pattern, is proposed. The algorithm consists of pattern periodicity feature extraction and background removal. The extracted pattern periodicity feature is used to determine the shape of structuring elements for morphological pre- and post-processing to remove background. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm over the existing one is also verified through the experiments with various test documents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Reliability Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.373-373
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• 2000

Bum-in procedures are developed far limited failure populations in which defective products fail soon after they are put in operation and non-defective ones never fail during the technological life of the products. The situation where products are produced from a production process with variable fraction defective is considered. Bum-in schemes guaranteeing pre-specified outgoing quality of products are derived using the mixed binomial prior distribution for the number of defectives in a batch.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.598-607
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• 2004

In this study, the effects of two pre-treatment processes were observed prior to membrane filtration: pre-coagulation and pre-ozonation. To compare the effect of two above-mentioned pre-treatments, we adopted the four schemes: first one is direct membrane filtration of river surface water, second one is membrane filtration after pre-coagulation, third one is membrane filtration after pre-ozonation and fourth one is membrane filtration after pre-coagulation and pre-ozonation. There are two exceptional characteristics in applied processes. One is the usage of the MF membrane which has high ozone resisting characteristic. Therefore, ozone resides in membrane module during filtration. The other is adoption of Jet Mixed Separator (JMS) as coagulation-sedimentation process. The change in transmembrane pressure and permeate water quality were also examined. As a result, considering the filtration performance efficiency and permeate water quality, the process composed of filtration with combination of both pre-coagulation and pre-ozonation was proved most effective. The improved efficiency was due to the reduction of loading rate of fouling inducing materials to membrane module by coagulation process as well as variable reactions, such as degradation, particle destabilization and coagulation, occurred by residual ozone in membrane module. The additional effect of pre-coagulation before pre-ozonation is suppression of AOC, one of the by-products induced by ozonation. Therefore, combination of pre-coagulation and pre-ozonation is the effective process to overcome the major de-merit of ozonation i.e. by-products formation.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.526-531
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• 2009

This paper suggests the dehydration and RDF(Refuse Derived Fuel) production of organic sludge, livestock manure and sewerage sludge causing environmental problems, with hydrothermal pre-treatment process. The renewable technology from the organic wastes must involve short treatment time required, reusable energy source, anti-odor and viruses, low cost for the treatment, and well-fertilization. The hydrothermal pre-treatment process promotes to evaporate moisture in the sludge after being shortly treated in a reactor, which is supplied steam and heat by an external boiler, due to the pressure with steam breaks the cell walls of the sludge, so this process removes the internal moisture of the cell. Then, the treated sludge(solid-state) is mixed with waste vinyls called RDF(6,706kcal/kg).

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.172-173
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• 2019

In this study, application of ultra high performance concrete(UHPC) with pre-mix binder were presented on civil, architectural and special field. The UHPC can be applied to a variety of site due to its excellent flowability, mechanical properties, impact resistance and fire resistance. It is necessary to apply the pre-mix binder to take into account the productivity and performance improvements of the UHPC.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.113-133
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• 2020

Pre-service teachers (PST) are students who are developing their mindset, persistence, instructional practices, and perception of tasks from two perspectives: as current students and as future teachers. As part of a larger study with PSTs engaged in a mindset intervention, this study quantitatively investigated PSTs mindset and persistence. During professional development (PD), PSTs engaged in multiple strategies (MS) tasks that promoted changes to PSTs mindset and persistence. PSTs' mindset pre- and post- PD were categorized after attending at least 4 interventions as fixed, mixed, or growth using the theory of intelligence, and their persistence as high or low using the Grit-S. Changes in categorization were noticed and explored for reasons of what could be done to make mindset interventions more effective such as consistently using challenging mathematics tasks with more open ended answers and focusing on discussion based mathematical lessons.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.5-15
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• 2000

As the core of community, schools should play not only for the educational facilities but also for the public facilities. With the mixture of those facilities, the people in the community are able to use these facilities conveniently. The students could also make the best use of the school with the well-established facilities for sport and cultural functions. With those consideration in mind, this study aims to identify the planning feature of mixed-use school. Firstly, the concept of mixed-use and the typology of the development are reviewed. The pre-condition for the design of the mixed-use school are also studied with consideration of the planning tendencies of mixed-use schools in four countries(UK, USA, Japan and Korea). Secondly, eight case schools are selected in Japan and Korea. We analyzed them in terms of following three aspects; 1) The major functions to combine with school design, 2) The spatial arrangement how different functions could be connected in horizontal and vertical order, 3) The circulation system with which students and different user are able to access separately to those function.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2011

This study was carried out to strengthen productivity and employee management through the development of simple pre-processed foods based on Hansik (Korean foods) and to investigate the utilization of fresh vegetable menus, pretreatment, and cooking time in the preparation of vegetable side dishes. The reasons for not using pretreated foods were increased cost, required product size is not available, and not hygienic. The acceptable rate of increase in cost when purchasing simple pre-processed foods was under 10%. The expected developed products of simple pre-processed vegetable foods were balloon flower root salad, seasoned green vegetables, and sheredded white radish. The expected developed products of simple mixed vegetable pre-processed foods were deodeok+balloon flower root and white radish+pear. Based on these findings, to increase the utilization of simple preprocessed foods, development of various product sizes and sauces is needed, cost must be reduced, and hygiene improved.